Unit+5+Into+the+Unknown+Language+points

on top of sth.: in addition to sth 除……之外(还)
e.g. He gets commission on top of his salary. You owe me $20, and that’s on top of the $40 you owe me from earlier. He promised to help us and on top of that he lent us many reference books．
e.g. The old hunter has been dead and buried for years.
【拓展】
bury yourself in your work / studies 埋头工作/学习
bury your differences
消除隔阂
bury your head in the sand
intrigued adj. very interested in sth because it seems strange or mysterious (由于奇特或神秘而)深感好奇的，有极大兴趣的
e.g. He was intrigued by her reaction.
2. Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. Paraphrase: By comparison, he discovered that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities match the positions of the stars. 通过比较，他发现117座已知玛雅城市的位置与星象的位置 是相对应的。
➢ application n. 申请(表)；应用；运用 ➢ make an application (to sb.) (for sth. / to do sth.)
(向某人)申请(做)……
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) I decided to ___a_p_p_l_y_f_o_r__(申请) the course that reflected my interest.
all the more adv. used to emphasize how much better, easier etc sth. is than it would be in a different situation 更加
all the better /easier / more etc
that引导的同位语句，说明fact 8. The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive
makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
介词短语放句首，句子倒装
6. On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americans at that time: a true writing system. 形容词短语作后置定语 同位语，解释achievement
Paraphrase: In addition to all this, the Maya established a true writing system, which was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time. 除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字 系统。
She buried her face in her hands and the tears came down. 3) 事实的真相隐藏在政府的一份秘密报告中。
The true facts are buried in a secret government report. 4) 现在是消除我们的隔阂， 重归于好的时候了。
过去分词短语作原因状语 1. Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-
year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. Paraphrase: Fifteen-year-old Canadian William Gadoury was fascinated by Maya civilisation from a very young age, and he thought he had discovered something amazing while studying ancient star charts. 15岁的加拿大人William Gadoury自幼便对玛雅文明着迷， 他认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。
intrigue v. to interest sb. a lot because it seems strange or mysterious (因奇特或神秘而)激起兴趣，引起好奇心; 迷住
e.g. Intrigued by the heated debate, he kept watching for two hours.
7. It was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely. that引导结果状语从句
Paraphrase: It was a writing system which was so complex that, so far, no one has been able to fully understand it. 这种文字系统很复杂，以至于到目前为止没有人可以将其 完全解读。
what引导的表语从句 P玛a雅rap社h会ra的se:科T技he水ac平hi十ev分em原en始ts，of这th一e M事a实ya使a得re玛pa雅rt的icu种la种rly amazing and difficult to explain because they were made w成it就ho更ut加th令e 人use难o以f m置o信de、rn神to秘ols莫o测r a。dv但an最ce大d t的ec谜hn团ol是og为y. 何But t玛he雅g人rea抛te弃st 了my绝st大er部y o分f a的ll大is 城the市r。eason why the Maya left most of their great cities.
2) Later I tried to _a_p_p__ly__m_y__p_r_e_v_io_u_s__ex_p__er_i_e_n_c_e_t_o__(运用我 以前的经验来) learning how to read and write.
3) You would pass your exams if you _a_p_p_l_ie_d__y_o_u_r_s_e_lf_(_t_o_s_t_u_d_y_in_g__/_y_o_u_r_s_t_u_d_y_)__(努力学习).
这些复杂建筑最非凡之处在于，在没有使用机轮、金属工具 甚至畜力的情况下，玛雅人是如何建造它们的。
5. They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.
逃避现实，不愿正视困难
bury your face/head in your hands (由于难过而)用手捂住脸/头
【语境应用】翻译句子。 1) 你的信可能被压在这些文件下面了。
Your letter may be buried under these papers. 2) 她双手掩面，眼泪流了下来。
省略了that引导的宾语从句，作believed的宾语
3. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.
过去分词短语作定语，修饰an unknown Maya city，相当 于定语从句that was buried deep in the jungle。 据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅 城市的位置。
It’s time to bury our differences and be friends again.
what引导主语从句 4. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures
is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. how引导表语从句 Paraphrase: The most extraordinary thing about these complex structures is the way they were built. They were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power.
correspond v. if two things or ideas correspond, the parts or information in one relate to the parts or information in the other 符合; 相一致
e.g. The numbers correspond to points on the map.
e.g. The job was made all the easier by having the proper tools. 有了适当的工具，这项工作就容易多了。 If there is some meat left on the bones, all the better. 如果骨头上还有肉，那就更好了。
which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代Maya calendar
他们将这一认识应用到玛雅历中，该历法精确度极高，每 年误差不超过30秒。 apply sth. to sth.：to use sth. to sth. 应用于 e.g. New technology is being applied to almost every industrial
process. These ideas are often difficult to apply in practice.
【拓展】
➢ apply (to ... ) for sth. (向……)申请某物
➢ apply to sb. /sth.
涉及某人/某物
➢ apply oneself to (doing) sth. 勤奋工作/努力学习
bury v. 1) to fall on top of sb. or sth., usually harming or
destroying them 将……埋在下面
e.g. The skiers were buried under the snow.
2) to put sb who has died in a grave 埋葬，安葬