2020-2021学年高一英语人教版必修三、四部分知识点整理(小满原创)

必修三Unit1
1.主语+be+adj+to do sth.
逻辑上的动宾关系，用主动表被动。

若动词为不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。

At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.
This kind of job is very easy for them to do.
I hear that the man is hard to get along with.
I like getting up early in the summer. The morning air is so good to breathe.
The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on.
2. with+宾语+宾语补足语的复合结构
to do（动作未发生）
with+ doing（表示主动，进行/与宾语存在主谓关系）
宾语+ done（表示被动/已完成）
adj/adv/介词短语（表示状态）
例：
On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones”on them.
With two exams to worry about,I have to work really hard this weekend. With all the tickets sold out,we had to wait for the next week's show. With the new machine being tested,I can't hear clearly what they are talking about.
练习：
John站在那里几秒钟，眼睛望着对面的街道。

在我们的城市，随着汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境正在急剧恶化。

他习惯开着窗户睡觉。

因为有四个小孩需要养，这个男人不得不昼夜不停地工作。

John stood here for a few seconds.
With the number of cars increasing fast in our city, our environment is.
getting increasingly worse/deteriorating.
He is used to sleeping with the windows open.
The man had to work day and night with four children.
3.as if/though 在look/seem/smell引导的表语从句；在行为动词后引导方式状语从句
若陈述事实，从句用陈述语气；若表示虚拟、假设、不可能出现的情况，则用虚拟语气。

对现在的虚拟：一般过去时（be 动词用were）
对过去的虚拟：过去完成时（had done)
对将来的虚拟：过去将来时（would do)
例：
It looks as though it is going to rain. (事实上可能要下）
It looks as though it were going to rain. (事实上不会下）
The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti. 练习：
1.Don't handle the vase as if it__(be) made of steel.
2.Although he was just a beginner, he talked as if he__(learn) English for many years.
3.He opened his mouth as though/if he__(say) something urgent.
4.It looks as if it___(go) to rain. You 'd better take an umbrella with you.
5.She talks about Hong Kong as if she__(be) there before.
（1.were 2.had learned 3.was to say 4.is going to rain 5.had been）
4. It +be +adj+从句
常用于此句型中的形容词有：clear, certain, important. possible, natural,surprising。

It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.
It was clear enough what she meant.
It was surprising how he could come up with such a good idea.
It's important to distinguish fact from fiction.
it 作形式主语的其他常用形式：
1.It + be+过去分词（said,thought,believed,supposed,reported...)+that 从句
2.It +不及物动词（seems,occurs,happens...)+that从句
3.It+be+名词短语（a pity, a fact, a wonder, an honour, no wonder....)+that 从句
他突然想到他把钥匙落在办公室了。

没能和你面对面交流真是遗憾，为此我感到十分抱歉。

确实，智能手机在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。

It occured to him that he had left his keys in the office.
It is really a pity that I can't make it to communicate with you face to face, and I'm quite sorry for that.
It is true that a smartphone plays an important role in our daily life. It seems/seemed that...看起来...；好像...,该句型可以转换成：sb/sth seems/seemed +不定式
It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles.
He seems that he is fit for the present job.
= He seems to be fit for the present job.
It seems difficult to remember her phone number.
It seems as if a heavy rainstorm is/ were coming.
There seems to be a strong competition for students to enter a key university
It is/was +被强调的部分 + that/who....强调句型，that/who从句中谓语动词的人称和数应该与被强调的主语保持一致。

It was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.
Is it your brother that/who works in that company?
It is not the money that worries Americans but the fear that the victory of the war is hopeless.真正令美国人不安的不是钱的问题，而是对战争胜利无望的恐惧。

It is I, including my cousin, who am to blame of the loss of the golden chance.
必修三Unit2
1.否定词+比较级：表示最高级别含义。

通常译为“没有比……更……的了”。

常见否定词：no,not,never,nothing,nobody,hardly.
“Nothing could be better.” he thought.
I enjoyed myself at the party last night because I had never been to
a better one before.
Nothing is more valuable than time, but nothing is less valued. From my point of view, nothing is more important than family in my life.
2.have sb doing sth.
常用于否定句中，与情态动词can/could连用，意味“不能允许/容忍某人做某事”；用于肯定句中时，意为“让某人一直做某事”。

He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies.
I can't have you speaking to your mother in such a rude manner.
She told a lot funny stories and had us laughing all through the meal. The father won't have his daughter arriving home late, for he thinks it may be dangerous to her.
3.such/so...that...
如此...以至于，连接结果状语。

such+ a/an + adj.+ 单数可数名词+that从句
such+adj.+复数可数名词+that从句
such+adj.+不可数名词+that从句
so+ adj./adv.+ that 从句
so+ adj.+a/an +单数可数名词+ that从句
so+ many/much/few/little +名词+ that从句
例：
Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight.
On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
They are such difficult problems that I don't know how to settle them. It is so heavy a box that I can't lift it.
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
必修三Unit3
1. find+宾语+宾语补足语
find 形容词/副词/介词短语（表状态）
+宾语现在分词（表主动和进行）
+宾补过去分词（表被动和完成）
find+ it+ 形容词/名词+to do sth.
例：
Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong
wind.
When day broke, we found ourselves in a small village at the foot of the mountain.
We found him (to be) a dishonest person, which surprised us all.
I find it necessary to get a map while travelling.
练习：
1.When she woke up, she found herself ___(lie) in hospital.
2.When he came to himself, he found himself____(lock) in the room. （1.lying 2.locked）
青少年觉得很难抗拒同龄人的压力。

/ 我发现根本无法让她听懂。

Teenagers find it difficult to resist the peer pressure.
I find it impossible to get through to her.
2. had (just) done...when...刚做完....这时
本句为复合句，连词when引导时间状语从句。

when作并列连词，意为“正在这时，那时”。

常用句式：
had (just) done.....when 刚做完....这时
be about to do....when....刚要做....这时
be on the point of doing....when....刚要做....这时.....
be doing..... when....正在做....这时....
The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.
I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
3.do/does/did + 动词原形
表示强调，翻译为“的确，确实”
Well, I did hear that the bank of England had issued two notes in this amount.
He does want to improve his English as soon as possible.
Do be careful when you cross the roads.
Listening to some light music does help relax our mood.
I do hope you can visit the paper-cutting exhibition with me.
4.疑问词+ever，“无论…”，引导让步状语从句=no matter +疑问词
Indeed, I hope you 'll come here whenever you like.
Whenever (=no matter when) you come, you will be warmly welcomed.
With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.
Whichever(= no matter which) they choose, we must accept their decision. Whatever happens,just stay calm and don't do foolish things. Whenever we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister.
The map is one of the best tools a man has whenever he goes to a new place.
疑问词+ever，还可以引导名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句等），而no matter+疑问词, 只能引导让步状语从句。

You might invite whoever/whomever you like to your birthday party. Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
Spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how/however difficult the situation may be.
必修三Unit4
1.now that 引导的原因状语从句，意为“既然，由于”
“Oh, dear, ” I cried, “ Wal king does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.
Now that you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
原因/让步状语从句中，although/though不能和but连用，because 不能与so连用，now that也不能与so连用。

既然你的工作已经完成了，现在是你自我放松的时间了。

Now that you have finished your work,it is time for you to relax yourself.
由于长期以来你对中国文化感兴趣，我认为北京语言大学对你来说是个理想的地方。

Now that you have long been interested in Chinese culture,I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
2.make it+n/adj.(for sb./sth.)to do sth.；
make it +adj./n.+that从句
This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
The different kinds of media make it possible that we obtain a large amount of valuable information in time.
They made it clear to the public that they did an important and necessary job.
She let me realize that making others feel good made me feel good, too. When I first came to New York, I had a lot of trouble making myself understood.
“Make you rself at home,” the hostess said to me as soon as I e ntered the house.
3. what引导的主语从句；be to do结构的用法
What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
be + 不定式，表示计划，安排，决定要做的事或注定要发生的事。

We are to attend an important meeting tomorrow morning.
No one is to leave the building without the permission of the policemen.
不定式作后置定语：被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级。

It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.
I had a chance to visit the Great Wall last month.
Liu Yang is the first Chinses woman to travel in space.
She had only a little room to live in.
主语从句：在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句叫主语从句。

连接词：
从属连词：that( 无实义），whether/if 表示“是否”。

连接代词：who, what, which, whoever,whatever.(在句子中作主语/宾语/表语/定语等成分。

连接副词：when,where,how,why.(在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语）That smoking is harmful to our health is a fact.
Who invented this machine remains a puzzle.
Whether we can live on the earth depends on our choice.
How these stones were conveyed there is a mystery.
what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别：
what 在引导主语从句时，在从句中充当成分，如主语，宾语，表语；that 则不作成分，只起连接的作用。

What has made him mad is not known yet.
What you said yesterday is right.
That she is still alive is a consolation.
Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.
It is often the case that anything is possible for those hang on to help. How we understand things had a lot to do with what we feel.
Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but 主谓一致：
从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式；但是有who和what引导的主语从句时，有时主句的谓语的形式由在句子中作表语的名词决定。

When we shall have our sports meeting has not been decided.
What they need are books.
What impressed me most are your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent.
必修三Unit5
1.比较级+than any other+单数名词
...比其他任何一个...都
比较级+ than + any other+ 单数名词
比较级+ than + anyone else
比较级+ than + any of the other +复数名词
Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. She is more careful than any other student.
I am trying to say that you mean more to me than anyone else in the world.The EU is in many respects more similar to Belgium than to any of its large member states.
2. more than “不仅仅，不只是”，后可接数词、名词、形容词、副词或从句。

While reading this book, I have picked up more than ten printing mistakes.
More than one answer is to your question.
more than one +单数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

The boy more than smiled; he laughed outright.
I'm sure she will miss her son more than she thinks for.
They were more than glad to help.
The beauty of Hangzhou is more than words can describe.
more than+ can/could, 意为“ 超过....的能力范围”
More than one student communicates with the writer, who gives lots of good advice on how to write well.
We are more than excited at the news.
3. not until....直到....才...
The were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city.
until 引导的时间状语从句，如果主句谓语动词是延续性动词，则使用肯定
形式。

He waited until she had finished speaking.
如果主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定形式，才能与until连用，即not... until.
He didn't leave until I got home.
此句的强调句型为：It is/ was not until....that...
It was not until I got home that he left.
如果not until 位于句首，其后用部分倒装语序：Not until...+助动词/系
动词/情态动词 + 主语+ 动词原型+ 其他部分。

Not until I got home did he leave.
He didn't realize the importance of knowledge until he met problems. 改强调句/倒装句：
It was not until he met problems that he realized the importance of knowledge.
Not until he met problems did he realize the importance of knowledge. Only+ 状语，置于句首引起的部分倒装
Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
only在句首修饰状语从句，状语的副词或者介词短语时，句子要部分倒装，
把助动词/情态动词/系动词提前。

Only at the dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74%, according to statistics from the report.
Only when you spare no effort can you make progress in your study. Ony he can answer the question.
Only when I worked out all the problems did I feel a great sense of achievement.
Not only is the like ability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes.（相似的能力不仅与积极的生活结果相关，而且对这些结果也负有责任。

）
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television. 当not only 连接两个句子时，第一个分句要倒装；连接主语时，谓语动词形式遵循就近原则。

In fact, not only Susan and her elder sisiter but also Jane is tired of having one exam after another.
not...but, either...or..., neither...nor...连接并列成分的两个主语时，谓语动词形式也遵循就近原则。

4. not all表示部分否定；neither/nor 引起部分倒装
Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
Not all men can be masters.
The 3,500 residents cannot all enjoy the sunshine at the same time. This flower is not seen everywhere.
nor/ neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，构成部分倒装，表示“...
一样也不...”。

neither...nor...连接两个并列分句，表示“既不...也不...”，前后两个分句都倒装。

I don't know where he lives. Neither/nor does she.
Neither did they write nor did they telephone.
必修四Unit2
现在分词形式作结果状语：
Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil,making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fretile soil.
Walking in the park, she saw an old friend. (时间状语）
Being ill, he couldn't go to school.（原因状语）
Working hard, you will make great progress.（条件状语）
The plate dropped from her hands, breaking into pieces. （结果状语）I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday. （结果状语）
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. (伴随状语）(Though) knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. (让步）注意事项：时态，语态。

Having finished the letter, he went to post it.
Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.
独立主格：带有自己主语的状语从句。

The trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.
The weather being fine, we went out for a walk.
Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some having a life span of around 20 years.(have)
The children went home from the school, their lessons finished for the day.
Everything taken into consideration, your play seems to be more workable.
I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.。