译林版牛津英语8BUnit7知识点总结+单元练习

译林版⽜津英语8BUnit7知识点总结+单元练习Unit 7 International Charities
内容全解
Part One Comic strip
重点全解
1、You have some pocket money left.（P 92）
1 pocket money “零花钱”。

例如：My parents often give me some pocket money.
2 left 此处是leave 的过去分词，意思是“剩余的”。

例如：At the end of the party, we had some food left.
拓展：（1）left 名词，意思是“左边”。

例如：The girl on the left is Lily.
（2）left 副词，意思是“向左”。

例如：You can turn left at the second crossing.
(3)left 形容词，意思是“左边的”。

例如：The post office is on the left side of the street.
2、Let’s go and donate it. （P 92）
1. let sb do sth. 让……做……
例如：Let me help you.
2.donate 动词，意思是“捐赠”donate sth. to sb 把某物捐赠给某⼈
例如：I will donate my pocket money to the poor.
3、It’s time for lunch.（P 92）
1. It’s time for…=It’s time to do …是时候该做………
例如：It’s time for school.
= It’s time to go to school.
4. Don’t worry. （P 92）
worry 动词，“担忧，担⼼”，worry about sb/sth. 担⼼某⼈/某物
例如：He worries about his mother’s health.
5. I’m too weak to walk any further. （P 92）
too+形容词+to “太……以⾄于不能……”
例如：He is too young to carry that box.
Part Two Welcome to the unit
A
重点全解
1.ORBIS (国际奥⽐斯组织) （P 93）
2.Oxfam (<英>⽜津饥荒救济委员会/乐施会)（P 93）
3. UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund 联合国⼉童基⾦会)（P 93）
4.WWF (World Wildlife Fund 世界野⽣动物基⾦)（P 93）
B
重点全解
1、I know about a charity called UNICEF.(P93)
1.know about表⽰“了解,知道”。

例如：Do you know about him?
2. UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund)
联合国⼉童基⾦会
2、It helps build a better world for everyone,especially children all over the world. (P93)
1. help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某⼈做某事”；help sb. with sth.“帮助某⼈某事”。

例如：The boy helped the old woman to cross the road.
She always helps him with his homework.
2. especially adv. “尤其，特别”，是especial的副词形式；especial adj. “特别的，特殊的”。

例如：I am especially busy on this weekends.
This is an especial day.
3. all over the world= around the world 全世界
例如：I want to travel around the world.
= I want to travel all over the world.
3. It provides basic education for children in poor areas. (P93)
1. basic adj. “基础的，基本的”。

例如：Everyone should get basic right.
2. education 不可数名词“教育”。

例如：Children must get education.
拓展：/doc/b5b4f0f94b73f242326c5f9e.html cate v. “教育；培养”。

Educate sb. to do sth. “教育某⼈做某事”。

例如：It takes patience to educate children.
You should educate your son to be friendly to others.
2. educator n. “教育⼯作者；教育家”。

例如：Tao Xingzhi is a great educator.
4. It also works to prevent the spread of some serious diseases, like AIDS, among young people. (P93)
1.spread v. “扩散；分布；展开”。

例如：We must prevent the spread of this kind of illness.
You should realize the importance of the spread of education.
拓展：spread (spread spread) 既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，意思是“展开；传播；散布”。

例如：He spread the map.
The news was spread quickly.
Part Three Reading
重点全解
1、Dr Ma, please tell us something about blindness. (P94)
blindness 不可数名词“失明”。

例如：Don’t give up your dream because of your blindness.
拓展：blindness 是形容词blind+后缀-ness构成的名词，类似的还有：kindness 和蔼illness 疾病happiness 快乐richness 富有sadness 悲伤
2、…mostly in poor areas, and about 80 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured. (P94)
1. mostly adv. “主要地；⼤部分地；多半地”。

例如：I am mostly at home on Sundays.
He writes to his parents every week, mostly on Saturdays.
2. case 可数名词“病例；案例”。

例如：This is a case of fever.
3. cure 及物动词“治愈；矫正”。

例如：Can you cure the sick child?
拓展：cure sb. of one’s illness “治好某⼈的疾病”。

例如：The special medicine cured him of his headache.
3、However, many people don’t have money for medical treatment. (P94)
1. medical adj. “医学的；医疗的”。

例如：His mother works in a medical college
2.treatment 可⽤作可数名词，也可⽤作不可数名词，“治疗”。

例如：He had to give up medical treatment because he used up all the money.
4、ORBIS uses its Flying Eye Hospital to visit poor areas. (P94)
flying adj. “飞的；飞⾏的；会飞的”。

例如：There is a strange flying object in the sky.
5、The plane is also used as a training centre. (P94)
be used as …“被⽤作……..”.
例如：English is used as a second language in many countries.
拓展：1. be used for…. “被⽤来”
例如：A knife is used for cutting things.
2.be used by…“被…….使⽤”
例如：Chinese is used by more and more foreigners.
3.be used in…“被⽤于……⽅⾯”
例如：I hope that the money is used in medical research.
6、Many of our patients can’t afford to go to hospital…(P94)
1.afford 及物动词“买得起；能做；承担得起”，后⾯接名词、代词或动词不定式做宾语。

例如：The house is so expensive that I can’t afford it.
She can’t afford to pay for her daughter’s education.
⼝诀：巧记afford的⽤法：
动词afford表“承担”，⽤法特殊记⼼间。

can, could, be able to, 三个“能”字在其前。

疑问否定常出现，被动结构就免谈。

2. go to hospital 去看病
go to the hospital 去医院（看病⼈或做其他事）
7、Also, local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations. (P94)
on board “在飞机（船、⽕车）上”
例如：All the sailors have been on board.
When you are on board, you should turn off your mobile phone.
8、During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on. (P95)
1. patient 在句中⽤作可数名词，“病⼈，患者”
例如：These patients are waiting for the doctor to come.
⼀⾔辨义：As a doctor, you should be patient with all the patients.
2 operate 不及物动词，“开⼑，做⼿术”，“给某⼈做⼿术”应⽤operate on sb.表⽰
例如：The doctor is operating on him.
拓展：operate “操作；开动（机器等）”
例如：His father is operating the machine.
9、I’m proud to help people see again and improve their lives. (P95)
Proud adj. “⾃豪的，骄傲的”。

常见的短语如下：
1. be proud to do sth. “以做某事⽽骄傲”
例如：All the players are proud to play for their motherland.
2. be proud of…“为……..⽽⾃豪”
例如：They are proud of their son.
3. be proud that +从句，………很⾃豪…….
例如：I am proud that I have finished the work successfully.
拓展：take pride in…与be proud of …同义“为……..⽽⾃豪”
例如：Do you take pride in your job?
10、Is there anything else you’d like to say to our readers? (P95)
1.anything 不定代词，“某物，某件事”，⽤于表⽰物，若作主语，谓语动词⽤单数形式。

anything 常⽤于否定句或疑问句中，若⽤于肯定句，意思则为“任何事”。

例如：I don’t have anything to do.
If you have anything to tell me ,you can give me a call.
拓展：1. something 不定代词，“某事或某物”，常⽤于肯定句，也可⽤于表⽰请求、邀请、建议等语⽓的疑问句中。

例如：There is something wrong with his bike.
Would you like something to eat?
2. nothing 不定代词，“没有物，没有事”，常⽤于否定句中
例如：I often have nothing to do in the evening.
2.reader 可数名词，“读者”，是由“及物动词+后缀-er”构成的名词，通常表⽰做该动作的⼈，类似的还有：player(运动员)，writer(作家)，teacher(教师)，worker(⼯⼈)，waiter（服务员）等；但是有⼀部分是加后缀-or构成的，如：actor(演员)，collector(收藏者)，educator(教育家)，visitor(参观者)。

11、Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured. (P95) 1.medicine ⽤作不可数名词，“医学；药”。

“服药；吃药；喝药”应⽤take the medicine表⽰，⽽不⽤eat the medicine或drink the medicine表⽰。

例如：Chinese medicine is very popular in western countries now.
You must take the medicine three times a day.
2. develop 可⽤作及物动词或不及物动词，“发展；加强”。

例如：Modern music was first developed in Italy.
You should develop your mind fully.
拓展：development 可⽤作可数名词或不可数名词，“发展；进展；发达；发育”；developing “发展中的”，developed “发达的”。

3. treat 及物动词，“治疗”
例如：The doctor is treating him for his illness.
拓展：treat ⽤作及物动词，“对待；看待；把……看作”，treat….as…”把……
看作…..”
例如：Don’t treat me as a child.
12.But more money is needed to carry on with our work. (P95)
carry on with sth. “继续做某事”，相当于carry on doing sth., go on doing sth.或continue doing sth.
例如：Let’s carry on with the work.
Part Four Grammar
重点全解
1、Leaflets.传单（P99）
Leaflet 可数名词，“传单；散页印刷品“
例如：They are giving out leaflets.
2、Hand out. 分发。

（P99）
hand out “分发；发出”；其反义词组为hand in ,”上交”。

例如：I am helping the teacher hand out the examination papers.
You must hand in your homework before class.
注意：短语hand out 与hand in 的宾语如果是名词，可放在短语中间或者后⾯；如果宾语是⼈称代词，只能放在短语的中间。

例如：The teacher handed them out to the students.
Please hand it in.
3、hold(举⾏)（P100）
hold 及物动词，“举⾏“。

过去式：held，过去分词：held
例如：Our school will hold the sports meeting next week.
The 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing in 2008.
拓展：hold 作及物动词，还有以下含义：
1.“容纳“
例如：The classroom can hold over 100 students.
2.”握住；抓住“
例如：He was holding his father’s hand.
4.Oxfam(1) was set up in the UK in 1942…（P100）
set(set set )既是及物动词，⼜是不及物动词，“创建，建⽴”，set up在此意为“建⽴”
例如：The school was set up in 1999.
拓展：set up还有“搭建；建起”的意思。

例如：Let’s set up the tent first.
注意：set up 的宾语如果是代词，只能将其放在set up 的中间；如果是名词，可以放在set up的中间，也可以放在set up 的后⾯。

5、Now it has about 15,000 shops all over the world.(P100)
15,000 读作“fifteen thousand””⼀万五千”。

英语中的基数词的读法要注意以下⼏点：
1.百位数与⼗位数之间要加and连接。

例如：101 读作: one hundred and one
310 读作：three hundred and ten
2.千位数以上的，从右向左数，每三位数⽤逗号隔开，第⼀个逗点为thousand,第⼆个逗点为million。

例如：10，000“⼀万“，读作：”ten thousand“
100,000 “⼗万”，读作：”one hundred thousand”
1,000,000 “⼀百万”，读作：“one million“
10,000,000 “⼀千万”，读作：“ten million“
100,000,000 “⼀亿”，读作：“one hundred million“
6、With its help, millions of poor children all over the country were given basic education. （P100）
with one’s help “在某⼈的帮助下”=with the help of sb.，其反义短语为without one’s help
例如：I found the bank with his help.
I can’t finish the work without your help.
被动语态（1）
被动语态的⼀般现在时和⼀般过去时
英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

1.当主语是谓语的执⾏者时，⽤主动语态。

当主语是谓语的承受者时，⽤被动语态。

例如:We clean the classroom every day.
我们每天都打扫教室。

The classroom is cleaned(by us) every day.
教室每题都被（我们）打扫。

2.被动语态的基本构成：
3.被动语态的基本⽤法:
1.动作的执⾏者是泛指或不⾔⾃明时。

例如：None of the books was taken away.没有⼀本书被拿⾛。

2.在不知道动作的执⾏者是谁时。

例如：The toy is designed for children.
这款玩具是为孩⼦们设计的。

3.需要强调动作的承受者时。

例如：My bike was repaired. 我的⾃⾏车修好了。

4.出于委婉或礼貌⽽避谈动作的执⾏者时。

例如：This problem was talked about just now.
这个问题刚才被讨论过了。

5.在被动语态的句⼦中，如果我们需要指出动作的执⾏者，可以由by引出。

例如：Mr. Wu is liked by all of his students.所有的学⽣都喜欢吴⽼师。

注意：有些动词常⽤被动语态。

例如：He was born in Nanjing. 他⽣于南京。

This mobile phone was made in China.
这部⼿机是中国制造的。

4.主动语态与被动语态的句式转化：
sound, feel等。

例如：This dish smells good. 这道菜闻起来很⾹。

The music sounds nice. 这段⾳乐听起来不错。

还有⼀些不及物动词，常⽤主动语态，和well, easily等副词连⽤，含
有被动意义。

例如：The books sell well. 这些书很畅销。

The pen writes smoothly. 这⽀笔写起来很顺滑。

2.在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中，动词不定式的to常省去，但
Part Five Integrated skills
重点全解
1、UNICEF raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other activities.（P101）。