英语词性的分类及用法

英语词性的分类及用法
English Word Classes and Their Uses
English words can be divided into ten major categories。

also known as parts of speech.
1.Noun: A noun is a word that represents a person。

place。

thing。

or XXX include "student" and "book".
2.Pronoun: A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun。

Examples include "you" and "it".
3.Adjective: An adjective is a word that XXX include "happy" and "red".
4.Adverb: An adverb is a word that describes a verb。

adjective。

or XXX "quickly" and "very".
5.XXX: A verb is a word that expresses an n or state of being。

Examples include "cut" and "is".
6.Numeral: A XXX "three" and "fifty".
7.Article: An article is a word that is used to XXX include "a" and "the".
8.n: XXX include "at" and "in".
9.n: A n is a word that connects words。

phrases。

or XXX "and" and "but".
10.n: XXX include "oh" and "wow".
XXX are known as "content words"。

while the last four are known as "n words".
Noun (Words that Represent People。

Places。

or Things)
Nouns XXX.
XXX are the names of specific people。

places。

or things。

such as "Beijing" and "the United States".
Common nouns are general names for people。

places。

or things。

such as "book" and "sadness"。

Common nouns XXX.
Common XXX categories:
1.Individual nouns: XXX a group。

such as "gun".
2.Collective nouns: These represent a group of individuals。

such as "family".
3.Material nouns: XXX。

such as "air".
4.Abstract nouns: XXX。

such as "work".
Pronoun (Words that Replace Nouns)
Pronouns XXX:
1.Personal pronouns: XXX。

such as "they" and "it".
2.Possessive pronouns: XXX。

such as "our" and "yours".
3.Reflexive pronouns: These refer back to the subject of the sentence。

such as "yourself".
4.Reciprocal pronouns: XXX。

such as "each other".
5.Demonstrative pronouns: These point to specific people or things。

such as "this" and "that".
6.Interrogative pronouns: These are used to ask ns。

such as "what" and "who".
7.Relative pronouns: These connect clauses or phrases。

such as "who" and "which".
8.Connective pronouns: These connect words or phrases。

such as "who" and "that".
9.Indefinite pronouns: These refer to non-specific people or things。

such as "anything" and "someone".
代词是非常活跃的词汇，尤其是不定代词，它们相对复杂，我们需要熟练掌握。

形容词是用来修饰名词等，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词汇。

形容词可分为性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，它们的位置不一定都在名词前面。

性质形容词直接说明事物的性质或特征，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。

例如：hot。

good。

wonderful等。

叙述形容词只能作表语，所以
又称为表语形容词。

这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。

大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。

例如：afraid。

alone等。

副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。

时间副词有soon。

then。

today。

tomorrow。

afterwards。

now，地点副词有here。

there，程度副词有very。

quite。

rather，方式副词有beautifully。

reluctantly。

well，频度副词有often。

frequently。

always。

动词表示动作或状态。

根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类，有些动词是兼类词。

例如：We have lunch at 12.我们12点吃午饭。

(have是行
为动词)；We have been to New York.我们去过纽约。

(have是
助动词)；I am hungry.我饿了。

(am是连系动词)；She was beaten on the way home。

(was是助动词)；XXX.你本来不必等我。

(need是情态动词)；The door needs painting.这个门需要油
漆了。

(needs是及物动词)。

行为动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

及物动词后面要跟宾语，不及物动词不跟宾语。

例如：They study hard。

(study 后没有宾语，是不及物动词)；I know them well。

(know后有
宾语them，是及物动词)。

根据动作是否持续，动词可以分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。

例如，下雨、居住、工作、研究是延续性动词，而去、来、离开、开始是非延续性动词。

需要注意的是，非延续性动
词通常不与表示时间段的“for”短语连用，只能使用过去的时间表达方式。

数词分为基数词和序数词。

基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。

基数词的写法和读法有很多种，需要注意的是11到19的数字通常是由基数词和“teen”组成，例如13是“thirteen”，14是“fourteen”。

序数词表示顺序，通常在数字后面加上“th”，例如1变成了“first”，2变成了“second”。

需要注意的是，有些序数词有缩写形式，例如“first”可以缩写成“1st”，“thirty-first”可以缩写成“31st”。