12、13第十二十三周存在句无主句

这路上阴森森的有些怕人。⑥今晚却很好，虽然月光也还是淡淡的。
① Beside the lotus pond there is a small tortuous cinder path.
② This is a secluded road even by day, more isolated still at night.
about thirty.
3）荔枝林深处，隐隐露出一个白屋，那是温泉公社的养蜂场。 From deep in the lychee trees peeped the corner of white house
where the Hotspring Commune kept their bees.
山谷顶端，残留着一座道教建筑，名叫“黄龙古寺”。寺前 有一溶洞，深邃莫测。寺后有一石峰，除碑檐外，几乎被碳 酸钙沉积淹没，碑文已不可辨认。
原文通过“山谷顶端”~“古寺”、“寺前”~“溶洞”、 “寺后”~“石碑”~“碑檐”、“碑文”等一系列的“主题说明”结构，将古寺的方位及其周围的事物交代得一清二楚， 空间关系十分明确。
改：On top of the hill stands the Yellow Dragon Monastery, a Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) structure for a Taoist retreat. In front of the monastery is a karst cave of infinite depth, and behind it stands a stone tablet, all but the top having been eroded by calcium carbonate and the inscriptions on the tablet hardly distinguishable.
compound lately, for a life has been lost.
试评析
山谷顶端，残留着一座道教建筑，名叫“黄龙古寺”。 寺前有一溶洞，深邃莫测。寺后有一石峰，除碑檐外， 几乎被碳酸钙沉积淹没，碑文已不可辨认。
原译：On the hill top stands the Yellow Dragon Monastery, a Taoist retreat built in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). A karst cave lies before it, and a stone tablet was erected behind. All but the top of the tablet has been eroded by calcium carbonate, and the inscriptions have become unreadable.
3）既然没有地方坐一坐，只好慢慢地走吧。 With no place to sit, he had best walk slowly on.
4）有机会就抓住，不能迟疑。 Grab off the opportunity; don’t hesitate.
2、时地语+有+名词（短语）+附加语 或 时地语+存在动词+名词（短语）+ 附加语
2、时地语+有+名词（短语）+附加语 或 时地语+存在动词+名词（短语）+ 附加语
4）车厢里先探出个头来，紫酱色的一张方脸，浓眉毛，圆眼睛。 From the window of the car struck out cautiously a head with a
square, pimply purplish face, thick eyebrows and round eyes.
汉语存在句的英译
汉语存在句的类型
汉语存在句有两个类型：
1、有 + 名词/短语 + 附加语（动词/形容词/主谓结构短 语等） 如 “有 人 来了”
2、时地语 + 有 + 名词（短语）+ 附加语 如 “桌子上有东西可以吃。”
或 时地语 + 存在动词 + 名词（短语）+ 附加语 如 “院子里 站着 七八个年轻小伙子。”
1、有+名词/短语+附加语（动词/形容词/主谓结构短语等）
1）有许多机会他们没有利用好。 There are many opportunities they have not taken well.
2）有一只猫爱上了一个青年，恳求爱神维纳斯把她变成个姑娘，好得到 他的爱慕。
There is a cat having fallen in love with a young man, who beseeches Venus to change her into a girl, in the hope of gaining his affection.
① A path paved with coal-dust zigzags along the lotus pond so secluded as to be little frequented in the daytime, to say nothing of its loneliness at night.
⑤ When there is no moonlight the road and pond have a haunted disconcerting feel to them.
⑥ Tonight is not bad, even though the moon looks pale.
①曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。②叶子出水很高，像亭 亭的舞女的裙。③层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开 着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星， 又如刚出浴的美人。④微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫 的歌声似的。
② Around the pond grows profusion of luxuriant trees.
③ On one side of the path are some willows and other trees whose names are unknown to me.
④ On moonless nights, the place has a gloomy, somewhat forbidding appearance.
③ Around the pond, there are many trees rich in leaves, lush and green.
④ There are some willows along the path, and some trees whose names I do not know.
④ Where gentle winds pass, there are wisps of light perfume, like faint songs coming from distant high buildings.
汉语无主句的译法
汉语无主句的译法
一、英汉语的不同表达方式 汉语不注重句法结构形式上的完整，只要在上下文中句义
On the hill top stands the Yellow Dragon Monastery, a Taoist retreat built in the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644). A karst cave lies before it, and a stone tablet was erected behind. All but the top of the tablet has been eroded by calcium carbonate, ande.
原：On the hill top stands the Yellow Dragon Monastery, a Taoist retreat built in the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644). A karst cave lies before it, and a stone tablet was erected behind. All but the top of the tablet has been eroded by calcium carbonate, and the inscriptions have become unreadable.
段落练习1
沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。这是一条 幽僻的路；白天也少有人走，夜晚更加寂寞。荷 塘四面，长着许多树，翁翁郁郁的。路的一旁， 是些杨柳，和一些不知道名字的树。没有月亮的 晚上，这路上阴森森的有些怕人。今晚却很好， 虽然月光也还是淡淡的。
①沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。②这是一条幽僻的路；白天也少 有人走，夜晚更加寂寞。③荷塘四面，长着许多树，翁翁郁郁的。④路 的一旁，是些杨柳，和一些不知道名字的树。⑤没有月亮的晚上，这路 上阴森森的有些怕人。⑥今晚却很好，虽然月光也还是淡淡的。
译文虽然把原文的每一事物也做了详细交代，但由于断句不 当且频频更换主语，使得译文的空间关系有些凌乱。
表达时不仅要注意句子内部成分的意义是否忠实无误，还要 特别重视各成分之间的语义关系是否也正确无误，这就要依 靠词序安排及对句子主语的选择。建议改译如下：
山谷顶端，残留着一座道教建筑，名叫“黄龙古寺”。 寺前有一溶洞，深邃莫测。寺后有一石峰，除碑檐外， 几乎被碳酸钙沉积淹没，碑文已不可辨认。
⑤ But on this particular evening, had a cheerful outlook, though the moon was pale.
①沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。②这是一条幽僻的路；白天
也少有人走，夜晚更加寂寞。③荷塘四面，长着许多树，翁翁郁郁的。
④路的一旁，是些杨柳，和一些不知道名字的树。⑤没有月亮的晚上，
5）今天下午有球赛，棋逢对手，一定精彩。 This afternoon’s ball game is sure to be an exciting one, for the
two sides are well-matched.
6）这两天我们大院里又透着热闹，出了人命。 A pretty kick-up has been the order of the day again in our
① Above the winding lotus pond, leaves with quartered lines fill my eyes.
② Leaves are high above the water, like the skirts of slim dancing girls.
③ In those layers of leaves, dotted with white flowers here and there, some are gracefully in bloom, some shyly in bud, like scattered pearls, like stars in the clear sky, like beautiful girls just after a bath.
1）中国四川省有座峨眉山，山顶上有个舍身崖。 On the summit of Mt. Emei, located in China’s Sichuan province,
there is precipice called the cliff of sacrifice.
2）在游廊的最左端，靠近一道门，却坐有一位将近三十岁的男子。 Close by a door at the extreme left of the veranda sat a man of