虚拟语气和强调句讲解及练习

虚拟语气和强调句讲解及练习
虚拟语气
虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，它用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的一种假设。

虚拟语气考察的常常是习惯用法、特别的句型以及和情态动词的使用结合起来。

考点1 一般虚拟条件句
一般虚拟条件状语从句中所表达动作或者状态是与事实不符，或是不可能实现的，纯粹是一种假设或者愿望而已。

这类句子主要是由if 引导的条件状语从句。

1. 与过去事实相反
从句的谓语动词：Had done + 过去分词主句的谓语动词：should / would / could/ might have 过去分词
If he had been here yesterday, he would have met T om.
2 与现在事实相反
从句的谓语动词：过去式（be 过去式常用were）
主句的谓语动词：should / would / could/ might 动词原形
If he were here, he would be angry.
3 与将来的事实相反
从句的谓语动词
1）过去式（be 过去式常用were）
2）should+动词原形
3）were to +动词原形
主句的谓语动词：should /would / could/ might have 过去分词If it were to rain tomorrow, we could not go out for a picnic.
考点2 含蓄的虚拟条件句
在句子中非真实情况没有直接表达出来，而是通过上下文等其他表达方式反映出来。

1. Without your help, I would not have succeeded.
2. It is raining so heavily. Otherwise, we could go out to have
a picnic.
3. But for your help, I could not have finished the work on time.
4. Alone, she would have been terrified.
考点3 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
主要是从句中有表示建议、命令、要求的词如Propose, suggest, advise, order, insist, request等词以及这些词的名词。

1宾语从句中
1. I suggest that he (should) tell the news to his father.
2 表语从句中
My suggestion is that he (should) tell the news to his father.
3主语从句中
What I suggested was that he (should) tell the news to his father.
It is suggested / requested ….that he shoul d tell the news to his father
It is important / necessary / strange that he (should ) tell the news to his father.
4 同位语从句中
My suggestion that he (should) tell the news to his father was not taken by him.
考点4特别句型
以下这些句型的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气，从句部分的谓语动词时态要往前推一个时态。

1. wish that +clause
I wish I were on a holiday now.
2. would rather + clause
I would rather that you finished the report tomorrow.
3. if only + clause
If only it had not rained yesterday.
4. As if (though）+clause
It seems as if it were winter now, it is so cold.
5. It is (high)time +clause
It is high time that we began our speech.
考点5虚拟条件句的倒装结构
在以下三个虚拟条件句中，可以把if省略，将were, should 或had提前，形成倒装。

从句部分主句部分
1 If were to do , should/ would / could/ might do …
Eg. If he were to leave, I would leave as well.
-----Were he to leave, I would leave as well.
2 If should do …., should/ would / could/ might do ….
Eg. If it should rain, we would have to cancel the meeting.
-----Should it rain, we would have to cancel the meeting.
3. If had do ne….. would / should / could / might have done….
Eg. If you had bought the bike, you would have brought it here today.
----Had you bought the bike, you would have brought it here today.
考点6 条件从句的动词和主句的动词的时态不一致性
1 从句表过去，主句表现在
If they had started in the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
2 从句表将来，主句表过去
If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment tomorrow afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.
3 从句表过去，主句表将来
If we hadn’t made the arrangements in advance, we
shouldn’t dare to go there directly.
4 从句表将来，主句表现在
If we shouldn’t have an exam this afternoon, I would go to play football
虚拟语气练习
1.If I ____ more time, I could have finished the work better.
A. have been given
B. had been given
C. have given
D. had given
2.If I ___ wings like a bird, I ____ be able to fly in the sky.
A. have; should
B. had; would
C. would have; will
D. had; can
3.He’ll be busy this afternoon. If he ___ free, he ___ to the cinema with you.
A. were to be; might go
B. am going to be; will go
C. will be; might have gone
D. is; will go
4.I don’t know anything about it. If I ___ I ____you.
A. know; will tell
B. knew; would have told
C. knew; would tell
D. had known; would tell
5.Tom was late for school. Otherwise, he ___ .
A. wouldn’t have been punished
B. wouldn’t be punished
C. hadn’t been punished
D. wasn’t punished
6.Our monitor suggested that the news ____ at once.
A. announce
B. would announce
C. be announced
D. should announce
7.It is necessary that we ___ morning exercises every day.
A. should do
B. shall do
C. may do
D. did
8.Your advice that he ______ is reasonable.
A. will not smoke
B. isn’t going to smoke
C. doesn’t smoke
D. not smoke
9.____ today, he would get there on Friday.
A. Was he leaving
B. If he leaves
C. Were he to leave
D. If he would leave
10.But for your help, I ____ the exam.
A. would have helped
B. wouldn’t have passed
C. will pass
D. had passed
11.It is time you ___ up. Breakfast is ready.
A. get
B. got
C. gets
D. would have got
12.Hadn’t my car broken down, I ____ the rain.
A. would have caught
B. might catch
C. could catch
D. had caught
13.I would rather you ____ to the meeting yesterday.
A. hadn’t come
B. didn’t come
C. come
D. wouldn’t come
14. The commander ordered that all the soldiers _____ ready for the battle.
A. get
B. got
C. would get
D. getting
15.Nothing ____ him even if he had taken effective medicine.
A. can have saved
B. could save
C. could have saved
D. saved
16. I wish I ______ my uncle yesterday.
A. met
B. have met
C. would meet
D. had met
17. ______ today, he would get there on Friday.
A. Was he leaving
B. If he leaves
C. Were he to leave
D. If he is leaving
18. He ordered that no smoking ______ here.
A. was allowed
B. be allowed
C. would be allowed
D. had been allowed
19. I do ______ I could give you a hand.
A. hope
B. suggest
C. think
D. wish
20. It is about time that _____ your store.
A. close
B. closed
C. have closed
D. had closed
21. If my lawyer _______ here last Saturday, he _______ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented
B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent
D. were; would have prevented
22. Without his help, we _____ such rapid progress.
A. don’t make
B. would not make
C. didn’t make
D. would not have made
23. I have heard that Tom wrote a letter to the president, but Mary insisted that John _____it.
A. did
B. had done
C. do
D. would do
24 We would have arrived sooner except we ____ a flat tire.
A. had
B. would have
C. have not
D. have
强调句
一、基本构成形式：It is/ was +被强调部分+ who/ that+原句剩余部分
e.g.: I met him in the street yesterday afternoon.
→It was I who/ that met him in the street yesterday afternoon.
(强调是我，不是别人)
→It was him who/ that I met in the street yesterday afternoon.
( 强调我遇见的是他，不是别人)
→It was i n the street that I met him yesterday afternoon.
( 强调是在大街上，不是在别的地方，强调的是地点，但不用where)
→It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street
(强调是昨天下午，不是在别的时候, 强调的是时间，但不用when)
二、强调句的一般疑问句：Is/ Was it +被强调部分+ who/ that+原句剩余部分
三、强调句的特殊疑问句：
What/ When/ Where/ W ho/ How……is/ was it + who/ that+原句剩余部分
1). Who was it that/ who you met in the street yesterday afternoon?
→Tell me who it was that/ who you met in the street
yesterday afternoon?
四.do, did, does 用于强调谓语动词，加强语气
1). He is a good student.--> He does be a good student
2). He helped us yesterday. →He did help us yesterday.
3). Be careful! →Do be careful
4). He has finished his work----He does have finished his work.
强调句练习
1. It was not until he took off his dark hat I realized he was my son.
A. that
B. after
C. before
D. when
2. It was for this reason her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.
A. which
B. why
C. that
D. how
3. It was not until she had arrived home her appointment with the doctor.
A. did she remember
B. that she remembered
C. when she remembered
D. had she remembered
4. --- was it that the road accident happened yesterday?
--- In front of the market.
A. When
B. Where
C. Which
D. How
5. Was it in 1982 you were in college you got to know her?
A. when; that
B. that; that
C. when; when
D. that; when
6. It is the girl often me with my lessons.
A. that; help
B. who; help
C. whom; helps
D. who; helps
7. It was at the gate of our school we gave the visitors a warm welcome.
A. where
B. there
C. that
D. when
8. It was three years ago I came to this school.
A. when
B. that
C. the time
D. on which
9. It was the water had risen that they could not cross the river.
A. since
B. as
C. that
D. because
10. at a theatre Abraham Lincoln was shot?
A. It was; that
B. Is it; where
C. Was it; that
D. Was it; where。