人工智能专业英语Unit 2

___1．ALVINN is a system developed at Washington University. ___2．Learning by imitation is the same as learning by supervised training. ___3．Supervised training allows the agent to act autonomously as it learns to improve its behavior over time. ___4．Typical applications of supervised training include learning how to identify a disease from a set of symptoms. ___5．Learning by imitation places little responsibility on the agent.
Inductive and deductive reasoning are both forms of propositional logic. Propositional logic is the branch of logic that studies ways of joining and/or modifying entire propositions, statements or sentences to form more complicated propositions, statements or sentences. Inductive and deductive reasoning use propositional logic to develop valid arguments based on fact and reasoning. Both types of reasoning have a premise and a conclusion. How each type of reasoning gets to the conclusion is different.
Section A: Representing and Manipulating Knowledge
II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the text.
3．Which of the following is right? A．The closed-world assumption has led us to the contradictory conclusion that although at least one of the statements must be false, both are true. B．If an intelligent agent is going to use its knowledge to determine its behavior, then that knowledge must not be current. C．The amount of knowledge required to support intelligent behavior can be enormous, and maintaining that knowledge in a changing environment can be a massive undertaking. D．All of the above
Section B: Learning
Phrases • set out to 打算，着手
Section B: Learning
Exercises I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
Section A: Representing and Manipulating Knowledge
II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the text.
2．Which of the following is not right? A．To solve the frame problem not only requires the ability to store and retrieve massive amounts of information in an efficient manner, but it also demands that the storage system properly react to direct consequences. B．Meta-reasoning means reasoning about reasoning. C．Knowledge representation and storage often use semantic nets as a means. D．All of the above
Unit 2 Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
人工智能专业英语 教学课件
Contents
• Part 1 Reading and Translating
– Section A: Representing and Manipulating Knowledge – Section B: Learning
Section A: Representing and Manipulating Knowledge
II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the text.
1．Which of the following is used as a means by knowledge representation and storage? A．Turing test B．Programming C．Semantic nets D．None of the above
Section A: Representing and Manipulating Knowledge
Words • innocent-looking看上去无恶意的，看上去无害的 • underline[ˌʌndəˈlain] v. 强调 • frame[freim] n. 框架 • undertaking[ˌʌndəˈteikiŋ] n. 任务，事业
Section A: Representing and Manipulating Knowledge
Words • underlying[ˌʌndəˈlaiiŋ] adj. 根本的 • declarative[diˈklærətiv] adj. 说明的，陈述的 • spectrum[ˈspektrəm] n. 范围，领域 • scheme[skiːm] n. 计划 • contextual[kənˈtekstʃuəl] adj. 上下文的 • implicit[imˈplisit] adj. 含蓄的，暗中的 • explicit[ikˈsplisit] adj. 明确的，明白的 • blunt[blʌnt] adj. 生硬的，直率的 • meta-reasoning 元推理
Section A: Representing and
Manipulating Knowledge
IV. Translate the following passage into Chinese
Reasoning and Logic
Reasoning is the action of constructing thoughts into a valid argument. This is something you probably do every day. When you make a decision, you are using reasoning, taking different thoughts and making those thoughts into reasons why you should go with one option over the other options available. When you construct an argument, that argument will be either valid or invalid. A valid argument is reasoning that is comprehensive on the foundation of logic or fact.
• Part 2 Simulated Writing: Uncovering the Secrets of Clear Writing (II)
• Part 3 Listening & Speaking
– Dialogue: Knowledge Representation and Reasoning – Listening Comprehension: What is Logical Reasoning? – Dictation: Semantic Networks
Section B: Learning
Words • chore[tʃɔː(r)] n. 家庭杂务 • checker[ˈtʃekə(r)] n. 国际跳棋 • connotation[ˌkɔnəˈteiʃn] n. 内涵 • fruitful[ˈfruːtfl] adj. 富有成效的 • planetary[ˈplænətri] adj. 行星的 • momentum[məˈmentəm] n. 动量，动力 • persuasive[pəˈsweisiv] adj. 有说服力的 • spectral[ˈspektrəl] adj. 光谱的
Exercises
I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
___1．To solve the frame problem not only requires the ability to store and retrieve massive amounts of information in an efficient manner, but it also demands that the storage system properly react to direct consequences. ___2．The closed-world assumption has led us to the contradictory conclusion that although at least one of the statements must be false, both are true. ___3．Representing knowledge is not merely the representation of facts, but instead includes a much broader spectrum.
Section A: Representing and Manipulating Knowledge
Phrases • at hand 在手边，在附近 • come down with 染上病 • on the surface 在表面上，外表上 • knock over 打翻，撞倒
Section A: Representing and Manipulating Knowledge
Section A: Representing and MaBiblioteka Baiduipulating Knowledge
Exercises
___4． Knowledge representation and storage often use semantic nets as a means. ___5．Meta-reasoning means reasoning about reasoning.