德国留学APS审核基础公共课资料工程电子语言机械经济专业通用中英对照2015年版

德国留学APS审核基础公共课资料工程电子语言机械经济专业
通用中英对照2015年版
第一篇：德国留学APS审核基础公共课资料工程电子语言机械经济专业通用中英对照2015年版
1)当代世界经济与政治 World Economy and Politics
第一章
当代世界政治国家利益是外交的根本目的
1)雅尔塔体制的建立奠定了两极格局的基础。

雅尔塔体制的建立：内容与实质；意义和效果。

雅尔塔体系（英文：Yalta System），是对1945年-1991年间国际政治格局的称呼，得名于1945年初美、英、苏三国政府首脑罗斯福、丘吉尔、斯大林在苏联雅尔塔（今属乌克兰）举行的雅尔塔会议。

其特点是：以美国和苏联两极为中心，在全球范围内进行争夺霸权的冷战，但不排除局部地区由两个超级大国直接或间接参与的战争（如朝鲜战争、越南战争、阿富汗战争等）。

1989年的东欧剧变和1991年的苏联解体，标志着雅尔塔体系最终瓦解。

1.欧洲在战争中受到严重削弱，德国沦为战败国；法国元气大伤；英国实力消耗极大。

2.美国的军事经济实力空前膨胀，成为资本主义世界头号强国。

3.苏联壮大了自己的政治军事力量，成为世界上唯一能够与美国抗衡的国家。

4.二战后初期，新独立的发展中国家还没有形成抗衡苏美的力量。

实质
是大国实力对比和互相妥协的产物，打上了大国强权政治的烙印。

雅尔塔体系的特点有：
1.世界两极格局形成，社会主义和资本主义两大阵营对抗，国际关系以美苏冷战为主线。

2.欧洲一分为二，东西欧分别被苏联和美国控制。

3.德国一分为二，社会主义的民主德国和资本主义的联邦德国分别被苏美控制。

[2]
4.朝鲜一分为二，社会主义的朝鲜和资本主义的韩
国分别被苏美控制。

The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and codenamed the Argonaut Conference, held from February 4 to 11, 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, represented by President Franklin D.Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill andPremier Joseph Stalin, respectively, for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization.The conference convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta in Crimea.The meeting was intended mainly to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe.Within a few years, with the Cold War dividing the continent, Yalta became a subject of intense controversy.To some extent, it has remained controversial.Yalta was the second of three wartime conferences in Crimea among the Big Three.It had been preceded by the Sevastapol Conference(codenamed Grey Wolf Conference)in 1942, the Tehran Conference in 1943, and was followed by the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, which was attended by Stalin, Churchill(who was replaced halfway through by the newly elected British Prime Minister Clement Attlee)and Harry S.Truman, Roosevelt's successor.2)世界政治力量的分化改组，两极格局受到冲击；第三世界的崛起The third wolrd begin to rise。

万隆会议Asian–African Bandung Conference的召开和不结盟运动Non-Aligned Movement的兴起；雅尔塔体制的瓦解：东欧剧变Great changes in East Europe；两德统一The fall of Berlin Wall。

The first large-scale Asian–African or Afro–Asian Conference—also known as the Bandung Conference(Indonesian: Konferensi Asia-Afrika)—was a meeting of Asian and African states, most of which were newly independent, which took place on April 18–24, 1955 in Bandung, Indonesia.The twenty-five
countries that participated at the Bandung Conference represented nearly one-quarter of the Earth's land surface and a total population of 1.5 billion people.[1] The conference was organised by Indonesia, Burma, Pakistan,Ceylon(Sri Lanka), and India and was coordinated by Ruslan Abdulgani, secretary general of the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.The conference's stated aims were to promote Afro-Asian economic and cultural cooperation and to oppose colonialism or neocolonialismby any nation.The conference was an important step toward the Non-Aligned Movement.The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for German reunification, which was formally concluded on 3 October 1990.3)世界局势总体和平，局部战乱；大国之间既相互竞争又相互合作
World political is overall peaceful, regionally conflicting;both great powers compete and cooperate with each other.第二章当代世界经济
International Economic System,1945-Present Dates
Name of System
Type of Management of Governance 1945-1971
Bretton Woods System
Superpower management 1971-1989
Interdependence
Collective management
1989-present
Globalization
Global economic governance
The Bretton Woods system rested on three political foundations: 1.The concentration of power in a small number of states;2.The existence of a cluster of important interests shared by those states;3.The presence of a dominant power willing and
able to assume a leadership role.The Bretton Woods system enabled Europe and Japan to recover from the devastation of the war, established a stable monetary system, encouraged more open trade, finance, and investment, and in turn led to a period of rapid economic growth.Interdependence
By the 1970s, the Bretton Woods system was replaced by a new international economic system characterized by interdependence.Changes in the nature of international economic interaction and a shift in the balance of power among the key players led to a restructuring of the international economic order.As result, national economies became more interdependence and more sensitive to economic policy and events outside the national economy.Globalization The end of the Cold War had a profound impact on the international economic system.With the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union, the political bases of the global economy shifted dramatically.The impact of globalization was uneven.The speed of economic change accelerated and flows of capital and goods became more volatile, causing rapid and sometimes wrenching changes for hundreds of millions of people.Many countries, companies, and individuals were beneficiaries of globalization.跨国公司是世界经济中重要的非国家主体跨国公司，是指在两个或两个以上国家同时进行经营活动的公司企业，它包括母公司及其在国外设立的分公司，是世界经济舞台上集投资、贸易、金融、服务等经济功能于一身的特殊主体。

A multinational corporation(MNC)is an enterprise that engages in foreign direct investment(FDI)and that owns or controls value-added activities in more than one country.A firm is not really multinational if it just engages in overseas trade or serves as a contractor to foreign firms.FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)-trade-related intellectual
property and investment The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT)The major rule for implementing free trade under the GATT was the principle of nondiscrimination（非歧视）.All of the contraction parties——that is, all member states agreed to adhere to the most-favored-nation(MFN)principle（最惠国原则）,which stipulated that “any advantage, favor, privi lege（特权）, or immunity（豁免）granted by any contracting party to any product originating in or destined for（指定）any other country shall be accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like product originating in or destined for the territories of all other c ontracting parties.”（某一成员国提供给其他国民的任何利益、优惠、特权或豁免，均应立即无条件地适用于全体其他成员国国民）。

A second element of nondiscrimination in the GATT was the provision for national treatment（国民待遇条款）, a rule designed to prevent discrimination against foreign products after they enter a country.In addition to establishing trade principle, the GATT provided a set of rules and procedures for what was to be the principal method of trade management in the postwar period: multilateral trade negotiations.The most important rule was reciprocity（互惠）, the concept that tariff reductions should be mutually advantageous.三、社会主义国家的经济与政治
Socialism 可以和中国对外贸易对应
An economic and political system in which private property is abolished and the means of production are collectively owned and operated by the community as a whole in order to advance the interests of all.In Marxist ideology, socialism is considered an intermediate stage in the inevitable transformation of capitalism into communism.A socialist society is envisioned as being characterized by the dictatorship of the proletariat（无产阶
级）;the existence of high degree of cooperation and equality;and the absence of discrimination, poverty, exploitation （剥削）, and war.With the non-existence of private ownership, the private profit motive is eliminated from economic life.Consequently, market forces do not play a role in organizing the process of production.Instead, large-scale government planning is employed to ensure the harmonious operation of the process of production.Soviet soft power was progressively（不断地）undercut（损害）by the de-Stalinization（非斯大林化运动）in 1956 that exposed his crimes;by the repressions（镇压）in Hungary in 1956, in Czechoslovakia in 1968, and in Poland in 1981;and by the growing transnational communication of liberal ideas.Lenin’s heirs maintained do mestic power through a brutal state security system.The net effect of these repressive measures on the Russian people was a general loss of faith in the system.Stalin had created a system of centralized economic direction that emphasized heavy smokestack industries（烟囱工业）.It was very inflexible—— all thumbs and no fingers —— and tended to stockpile（囤积）labor rather than transfer it to growing service industries.At the end of the twentieth century, the major technological change of the third industrial revolution was the growing role of information as the scarcest（最稀缺的）resource in an economy.The Soviet system was particularly inept （笨拙的，愚蠢的）at handling information.The deep secrecy of its political system meant that the flow of information was slow and cumbersome（不方便的）.There are a great deal of turmoil （骚乱、不稳定的）in the world economy at the end of the twentieth century, but the Western economies suing market systems were able to transfer labor to services, to reorganize their heavy industries, and to switch to computers.The Soviet
Union could not keep up with the changes.For instance, when Gorbachev came to power in 1985, there were 50000 personal computers in the Soviet Union;in the United States there were 30 million.Four years later, there were about 400000 personal computers in the Soviet Union, and 40 million in the United States.In the 1970s and 1980s, the Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe also sought limited participation in the international economy.Changes in domestic and international policy in the two key communist countries —— the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China ——opened up the possibility of greater East-West economic interaction Gorbachev’s perestroika（改革）, or restructuring, sought to move the Soviet economy more in the market direction and to open up trade, finance, and investment relations with the west.This move had the unforeseen result of hastening the Soviet Union’s economic decline and helping to bring about the breakup of the Soviet empire.In contrast, China’s economi c reform led to rapid growth.2)马克思主义政治经济学Marxism Political Economics This course is to teach us understand Marxism political and economic theories: 1.商品经济的基本原理Commodity economy。

In Marx's theory, a commodity is something that is bought and sold, or exchanged in a market.It has value, which represents a quantity of human labor.[6] Because it has value, implies that people try to economise its use.A commodity also has a use value,[7] anexchange value[8] and a price.2.剩余价值理论Surplus value According to Marx's theory, surplus value is equal to the new value created by workers in excess of their own labour-cost, which is appropriated by the capitalist as profit when products are sold.。

Surplus-value can, in a developed capitalist economy, be viewed also as an indicator
of the level of social productivity that has been reached by the working population, i.e.the net amount of value it can produce with its labour in excess of its own consumption requirements.3.垄断资本主义经济的特征和本质monopoly capitalism。

State capitalism has also come to refer to an economic system where the means of production are owned privately but the state has considerable control over the allocation of credit and investment Alternatively, state capitalism may be used(sometimes interchangeably with state monopoly capitalism)to describe a system where the state intervenes in the economy to protect and advance the interests of large-scale businesses.This practice is often claimed to be in contrast with the ideals of both socialism and laissez-faire capitalism.4.社会主义经济的基本原理和基本特征Socialism。

Market socialism refers to an array of different economic theories and systems that utilise the market mechanism to organise production and to allocate factor inputs among socially owned enterprises, with the economic surplus(profits)accruing to society in a social dividend as opposed to private capital owners.3）毛泽东思想概论MaoZedong Philosopy This course is to teach us our former chairman Mao’s political theories.1.科学发展观第一要义是发展, 科学发展观核心是以人为本。

Scientific outlook of growth is sustainable development to suit human’s needs.解放思想与实事求是的关系，实事求是是马克思主义中国化理论成果的精髓。

Emancipating the mind,seeking truth from the facts.3）新制度经济学New Institutional Economics New institutional economics(NIE)is an economic perspective that attempts to extend economics by focusing on the social and legal norms and rules(which areinstitutions)that underlie economic activity and with analysis beyond earlier institutional economics and
neoclassical economics.[1] It can be seen as a broadening step to include aspects excluded in neoclassical economics.It rediscovers aspects of classical political economy.NIE has its roots in two articles by Ronald Coase, “The Nature of the Firm”(1937)and “The Problem of Social Cost”(1960).In the latter, the Coase Theorem(subsequently so termed)maintains that without transaction costs alternative property right assignments can equivalently internalize conflicts and externalities.Therefore, comparative institutional analysis arising from such assignments is required to make recommendations about efficient internalization of externalities [2] and institutional design, including Law and Economics.在研究方法上，新制度经济学派比旧制度经济学派更彻底地主张制度演进、整体方法，反对新古典经济学抽象演绎法，认为把个人作为经济学的研究出发点是不科学的，认为这种方法以其均衡的、静止的分析去研究资本主义社会关系的外表，没有考虑到社会各个经济利益集团间的矛盾冲突。

新制度学派的学者主张从根本上更新现代经济理论的方法论基础。

他们认为，由于技术不断变革，资本主义经济制度和结构处于不断的变化过程中，资本主义制度是个动态的因果过程，所以经济学必须研究变化、研究过程。

也就是说，对经济问题的研究要采用演进的方法。

，交易费用理论表明交易活动是稀缺的，市场的不确定性导致交易也是冒风险的，因而交易也有代价，从而也就有如何配置的问题。

资源配置问题就是经济效率问题。

所以，一定的制度必须提高经济效率，否则旧的制度将会被新的制度所取代。

这样，制度分析才被认为真正纳入了经济学分析之中。

新制度经济学认为，产权安排直接影响资源配置效率，一个社会的经济绩效如何，最终取决于产权安排对个人行为所提供的激励。

3）思想道德修养 Moral Education This course is to teach us how to know and identify ourselves, try to establish the moral values and beliefs, how to be open minded and love our own countries, it will do good to our own delelopment.4）马克思主义
哲学 Marxism Philosophy Marxist philosophy or Marxist theory are works in philosophy that are strongly influenced by Karl Marx's materialist approach to theory, or works written by Marxists.Marxist philosophy may be broadly divided into Western Marxism, which drew out of various sources, and the official philosophy in the Soviet Union, which enforced a rigid reading of Marx called dialectical materialism, in particular during the 1930s.物质和意识：物质决定意识，意识反作用于物质。

Materials and consciousness: material determines consciousness, mind also have effects on matrials.实践是检验真理的唯一标准。

Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth 同一性和斗争性是矛盾的两种基本属性，矛盾是事物发展的内在动力。

5)证券理论投资和技巧: Theory of securities Investiment and Technics
证券分为：有价证券和无价证券。

有价证券分为股票和债券。

债券分为：国库券，政府公债，公司债券，金融债券。

Securities are divided into valuable securities and non-valent securities.The difference is negotiability.Valuable securities can be divided into stock and bond.Bond can be divided to treasury bills, government bond, corporate bond, financial bond.证券投资就是投资者为了获取收益购买资本证券形成金融资产的经济活动。

目的：获取利润，获取控制权，分散风险，保持资产流动性。

Securities investment is that investors buy capital securities to make them being financial assets, aiming to get benefits, get control rights and spread risks.投资方法中着重讲了，证券组合理论。

是研究如何通过多元化投资组合分散风险，各种股票的收益和风险相互叠加，相抵，得到收益最大化。

In the investment methods chapter, the securities combinatorial theory is important.It studied how to get the maximal benefit with different stocks overlap and diversified
investments which scatter the risks.As the saying goes, don’t put all your eggs in one basket.6)法律 Basic Theories of Law 7)军事理论Militory theory 8)微积分 Calculus 9)日语 Japanes
10)文献检索与应用 Literature Searching and Ulilization 11)世界著名歌剧欣赏 world famous opera apprieciation.
第二篇：德国留学APS审核相关问题
1.APS申请材料有哪些要公证？答：正常情况下：
1)高中毕业证（某些省附带会考成绩）2)录取花名册（学校档案室开具）3)大学成绩单
4)在读证明（大学未毕业）5)大学毕业证（大学毕业）6)大学学位证（大学毕业）
7)转专业证明（如大学期间转过专业）
2.材料如何公证？必须在户口所在地公证？
答：在国家正规的公证处即可公证。

有些公证处要求户口所在地公证，更多城市的公证处都可以公证全国范围内的材料，无需户口所在地公证。

3.每个材料需要公证多少份？
答：因为申请大学时，除去申请需要通过UA的话只需要一份公证材料即可，其他学校申请基本都需要一套材料。

所以所需公证的分数＝APS申请所需一份＋申请大学数
4.公证费用如何？
答：根据各个省市的不同，公证费用也不尽相同在下面附带了某中介的公证费用的列表。

一般来说材料公证首份100-140元，原件翻译80，公证词翻译80，也就是说每份材料的首份带翻译的费用为260-300左右。

（成绩单例外）之后副本每份20元（个别城市为10和40元）
5.转专业需要公证么？
答：转专业的话需要在学校里开具转专业证明，然后同样需要公证
6.改过姓名怎么办？
答：去身份证上所属派出所开户籍证明，并公证。

假如户口本上有曾用名，仅需公证户口本即可
7.实习证明是否需要公证？
答：有些学校需要公证后的实习证明，有些学校不需要。

建议一起公证比较保险。

8.语言成绩是否需要公证？
答：课时证明的话最好需要公证，因为毕竟这是你唯一的能证明你语言水平的东西。

德福或者DSH成绩需要到大使馆认证。

雅思和托福成绩直接在公证处可以公证（貌似有些城市的公证处是不行的），也可以直接在官方网站发送额外的成绩（雅思是前5份免费，之后每份60）
9.公证处翻译不准确怎么办？
答：公证处翻译不准确是经常有的，甚至有的情况还把证件的编号或者名称翻译错的也见过。

对于这种情况建议与公证处协商，在他们翻译完之后自己再进行检查一遍，这样虽然耽误一两天的公证时间，但是所谓磨刀不误砍柴工嘛～最后申请什么的也避免了很多不必要的麻烦。

10.我申请的是国际课程，公证件到底需要翻译成什么语言的？
答：申请德国通常英语和德语都可以，也就是说无需纠结这个问题。

不过建议都用德语的翻译公证件。

11.我成绩单附带有英语的翻译了，其他都是公证成德语的，这样可以么？
答：可以的。

因为成绩单附带英语，一本公证书只能做成同一种语言。

其他的材料都做成德语即可。

12.录取花名册，大学成绩单，在读证明在哪里开？
答：录取花名册需要在学校的档案室里开；大学成绩单需要在大学教务处开；在读证明需要先找辅导员开，然后到学校教务处盖章。

在读证明一般辅导员都知道怎么开，或者需要在读证明和工作证明模板的同学，也可以留下qq之后发给你。

13.工作证明是否需要公证？答：工作证明是否公证须看情况
1、有些学校的专业明确指出需要半年一年的相关领域的工作经验，这个是必须得公证的
2、学校对于实习没有要求，这个则不需要公证
对于毕业后上班了的小伙伴们，我建议保险期间还是公证为好，毕竟这也是你的优势 14.我是保送生，录取花名册上没有高考成绩怎么办？
答：对于保送生，直接在学校档案室开具保送证明即可，与花名册同样的作用。

15.我大学毕业了，是不是不需要公证高中毕业证了？
答：大学毕业生申请APS的时候确实是不需要高中毕业证的公证件，但是请注意哦，申请学校的时候还是有很多学校需要你的高中毕业证的公证材料的，也有很多学校不需要。

假如你确定你申请的学校不需要，那么就不需要公证了。

假如不确定是否需要，我建议你少公证几份以做备用，以免到时候申请时候就差这一个材料而着急。

第三篇：留学德国：APS审核必备常识
留学德国：APS审核必备常识
一、什么是APS?
APS是“德国大使馆文化处留德人员审核部”的德文缩写，该机构于2001年7月成立，是由德国大使馆文化处和德意志学术交流中心（DAAD）设立的审核赴德留学人员学历材料和入学资格的官方机构。

审核部的主要工作是对预备赴德留学的中国申请人的入学资格和学历的真实性进行审核，并为通过审核者出具相应的审核证书。

根据目前德国留学政策规定，凡准备前往德国读大学的中国申请人，包括以留学为目的的语言学习者，一律要通过留德人员审核部的审核。

申请德国大学时需要提供审核部的审核证书或者审核证明。

审核部是中国学生前往德国或奥地利留学的大门。

审核部出具的证书是德国和奥地利高校录取中国学生的前提条件之一。

拥有证书即表明该留学申请人所提交的申请材料是真实的，并且在中国大学取得了足够的学习成绩用以申请德国或奥地利大学。

审核部首先审核申请人递交材料的真实性。

若材料真实，审核部
会邀请申请人参加约20分钟的面谈，考官会针对申请人大学所学专业提出一些相关问题。

申请人可自愿选择用英语或德语进行面谈。

该面谈绝大部分都是在北京进行，此外审核部每年还会在上海，广州和成都组织临时审核面谈。

二、APS适用范围：
1.大学学满6学期，并打算去德国申请硕士的学生以及三年制高等大专毕业后申请预科的学生。

未修满6个学期的学生，现在将逐步参加TestAS的考试以获得进入德国大学学习的机会。

2.通过率问题：一审现在通过率在85%左右，三审不过的大约在1%左右。

3.语言：英语，德语，英语+德语都可以，但是汉语不行！同时在审核的过程中，你可以通过画图，制表公式，方程等来说明考官的问题。

其实审核的目的是为了证明你学习的真实性，考官不会在意你用什么语言，只要你能表达清楚就可以（像我审核的时候用到了英语，手语，肢体语言，绘图，制表以及唯一的一句一句德语：Guten Morgen）
4.涉及基础课问题：除了毛概，思修，邓论等极具中国特色的课程以及体育之外，其余课程都可能会被问到。

5.涉及专业课问题：对于专业课知识，我们不光要复习提交成绩单的科目，同时在学的科目也不能放弃！而复习的重点只要涉及到这个科目最重要的内容即可。

6.对于答不出的题目：没有关系，考官可以理解你答不出2，3个问题，但是你必须有所反应，可以把你知道的相关的知识说给他听，千万不要选择沉默
7.审核成绩问题：最终APS成绩是根据你的成绩单用巴伐利亚公式算出的，面试不会影响你的APS成绩.8.补审的问题：当你最终补审8学期成绩的时候，你的APS成绩会根据你的8学期成绩而发生变动，还是按照巴伐利亚算法得出 PS.一审时提交不满6个学期的孩子需要重新进行面试。

三、申请人程序及所递交的材料
具体申请步骤：
1.在审核部网站在线注册（）
2.递交所需材料，并通过银行将2500元审核费汇至审核部账号
3.等待审核部通知面谈时间（在材料提交8周之内通知）
4.参加审核面谈
5.面谈通过后，只要提交德国高校的入取通知书的原件或者德国语言学校的语言班入学通知书即。

四、申请签证需要提交的材料：
1.汇款单收据的复印件
2.审核部在线注册的证明（将PDF格式的电子邮件打印出来，并贴上近期2寸证件照片）
3.申请人身份证复印件（如有护照，也需提供护照复印件）
4.小学毕业证书的复印件（无需公证）
5.初中毕业证书的复印件（无需公证）
6.高中毕业证书的翻译公证件
7.大学入取通知书的翻译公证件（或高考成绩证明的翻译公证件）
8.在读生提供：大学在读证明的翻译公证件,毕业生提供：大学毕业证书和学位证书的翻译公证件
9.大学成绩单的翻译公证件一份，复印件一份（见下面的注释）
10.德语和（或者）英语学时证明复印件，或申请人自学德、英语的学时数说明。

大学在读证明必须注明：通过何种形式被大学入取，大学的院、系名称，所学专业，学号，学制，学习起止时间，已读完的学期数，并由教务处/档案室/学籍管理办公室等校级部门盖章，只有系级盖章无效。

如本科毕业而未获得学位证书，需提供高校出具的未获得学位的说明的原件。

大学成绩单必须包括大学期间所学全部课程的成绩，需要分学期开具，并由教务处/档案室/学籍管理办公室等校级部门盖章，只有系级盖章无效。

以上材料可以邮寄或到审核部递交。

以上所指翻译公证件均为：有德文或英文翻译的公证件原件。

审核部可以要求申请人提供其他材料。

五、面试准备
1.专业方面:对于面试的准备可以在你递交材料的那一刻起就开始了，那样你会有3个月左右的时间准备，可以说是绰绰有余。

但是对于一般境内申请的中国学生而言，一般都是到了最后时刻才开始紧张准备的，那么我给出的建议是：如果你基础够好，10天绝对够你准备了。

但如果你的基础不好，那么请你拿出15天的时间来准备APS。

相信你要是努力过的话，成为85%的一员肯定是八九不离十的了。

案例：课程分成了两类，一类是和专业没有任何关系的基础课，而其他的基础课和专业课自然就成了另类。

大学一共学了将近60门的课，去除毛概，体育之类的课以后就只剩下40门左右的课程以及3门选修课。

其次，将这40门课归类，如高数，线代，概率论，物化这类和我专业课扯不上边的基础课单独复习，其余的课程分为材料学概论类和焊接冶金概论类。

这样我的复习知识网就分成了简单的三块,基础类：高等数学1、2 线性代数物理化学1、2 以及3门选修课专业+基础类：1由材料学概论→材料学基础/材料学热处理/材料分析方法/材料力学性能。

由材料力学性能→焊接结构→工程制图→工程力学→机械设计基础。

由焊接冶金学→弧焊电源→激光焊接→焊接检验。

这其中3中的焊接检验又可扯到2中的材料力学性能，或者1中的材料分析方法。

这种分类方法的好处在于，无论审核官和你说到哪一门课，你都能滔滔不绝的和他从一门课扯到另一门课，甚至是在遇到你不会回答的问题时，你也能从容的把问题引到另一门课上，而不会让你面对审核官时无话可说！要知道沉默可是审核的大忌。

当分类完成之后，接下来要做的就是准备专业词汇，在这里推荐给大家一本好书，哈尔滨工业大学出的一套名为《xxxx专业英语》的丛书，我在我们图书馆看到了材料科学与工程，化工工程，机械，电气四个专业，其他专业不知道有没有。

不过你要是能把这本书里涉及到你学过的内容看一遍，那你的专业课审核就没有什么问题了！其次你要准备几个例子，当你无法用语言表达的时候，举例说明是最好的解释，而且例子最好又是共性的，像我就准备了一个自行车的例子，一辆自行车可以包含我所学过的所有课程，像这样举例的话，审核官。