托福听力tpo55 section1 对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文

托福听力tpo55section1对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文Conversation1 (1)
原文 (1)
题目 (3)
答案 (4)
译文 (4)
Lecture1 (5)
原文 (5)
题目 (7)
答案 (9)
译文 (9)
Lecture2 (11)
原文 (11)
题目 (13)
答案 (15)
译文 (15)
Conversation1
原文
NARRATOR:Listen to a conversation between a student and her environmental science professor.
FEMALE STUDENT:You know,the DVD we watched yesterday on ways we can protect the environment was really eye-opening…
MALE PROFESSOR:Well,I’m glad to hear that.Sometimes a DVD like this can bring to life concepts that my lectures can’t.Of course lectures are important,but other
forms of presentation—like DVDs—help get across the concepts I want you to understand,too.
FEMALE STUDENT:I agree.And the DVD got me thinking about the project you assigned.Now,I know we’re not supposed to work with anyone else for this assignment,but two of us think we have a really good idea.
MALE PROFESSOR:OK,I’m listening.
FEMALE STUDENT:Well,the student from class who I wanna work with—it’s Jessica Smith—you see,she has a part-time job at the hotel on campus…uh…where parents and people who are here for conferences stay?
MALE PROFESSOR:Ah,yes.The environmental science department just hosted a conference not too long ago,and we had several attendees who stayed there.They really enjoyed staying at that hotel.
FEMALE STUDENT:I’m sure.Jessica says it’s really nice,but it’s not so environmentally friendly.
MALE PROFESSOR:Hmm…I see.Well,hotels may be reluctant to make changes to protect the environment if it could be perceived as negatively affecting the comfort of hotel guests.
FEMALE STUDENT:Well,that has to do with our idea for the project.Uh…Jessica and I wanna do an assessment of the hotel and see what they can do to save energy, and create less pollution—without interfering with the positive experience of patrons.And I figured since she works there,it’d be easier for us to do the project together.Plus she already ran the idea by the hotel manager,and he’s on board with it.He was even telling her how he can use our work to apply for a grant from a local environmental foundation for money to make energy-saving upgrades and stuff!So we’d make recommendations,then he’d use our findings to make real changes.
MALE PROFESSOR:That’s certainly a compelling idea—and it definitely fits within the general guidelines of the project.OK.Just give me an outline of what you plan to
do,and,well,I’m a little worried.…I’ll still need you to submit the paper in the format we discussed in class,not whatever format the hotel manager might want.
题目
1.What is the conversation mainly about?
A.A grant the student wants to apply for
B.The student’s proposed plan for a class assignment
C.A project presented in a DVD the class watched
D.The student’s part-time job at a hotel
2.What does the student ask the professor to allow her to do?
A.Take extra time on her project
B.Write a grant rather than a paper
C.Work with a partner on an assignment
e her job as the focus of her project
3.Why does the professor mention a science conference?
A.To suggest that the student attend it
B.To indicate that he is familiar with the hotel
C.To state where he got information about a new discovery
D.To state where he got the video that he showed in class
4.According to the conversation,why might the campus hotel managers be slow to adopt environmentally friendly policies?
A.They are concerned that their customers may not be happy with the changes.
B.They are not knowledgeable about the potential benefits.
C.No financial help is available for reducing the initial cost of making the changes.
D.They have tried to adopt such policies and found them of little use.
5.What concern does the professor express?
A.That the hotel manager might not allow the research to take place at the hotel
B.That Jessica Smith might be too busy with her job to do the project
C.That the student’s idea for the project is overly ambitious
D.That the student might not focus on fulfilling all the requirements of the project
答案
B C B A D
译文
旁白：听一个学生和她的环境科学教授之间的对话。

女学生：你知道吗，我们昨天看的关于如何保护环境的DVD真的让人大开眼界…男教授：我很高兴听到这个消息。

有时候，像这样的DVD可以让我的讲座无法实现的概念变得生动起来。

当然，讲座很重要，但是其他形式的演示，如DVD，
也有助于理解我希望你理解的概念。

女学生：我同意。

DVD让我想起了你分配给我的项目。

现在，我知道我们不应该和其他人一起完成这项任务，但是我们两个人都认为我们有一个非常好的主意。

男教授：好的，说说看。

女学生：恩，我想和杰西卡·史密斯一起合作，要知道，她在校园里的酒店做兼职……呃……家长和来参加会议的人都住在那里吧？
男教授：啊，是的。

环境科学部不久前刚刚主办了一个会议，我们有几位与会者留在那里。

他们在那家旅馆住得很愉快。

女学生：我肯定。

杰西卡说它真的很好，但不太环保。

男教授：嗯……我明白了。

好吧，如果环境保护被认为对酒店客人的舒适度有负面影响，那么酒店可能不愿意做出改变。

女学生：好吧，这和我们对这个项目的想法有关。

呃……杰西卡和我想对酒店做个评估，看看他们能做些什么来节省能源，减少污染，同时又不影响顾客的积极体验。

我想既然她在那里工作，我们一起做这个项目会比较容易。

另外，她已经把这个想法交给了酒店经理，他也同意了。

他甚至告诉她，他如何利用我们的工作，从当地的环境基金会申请拨款，进行节能升级和东西！所以我们会提出建议，然后他会利用我们的发现做出真正的改变。

男教授：这无疑是一个令人信服的想法，而且绝对符合项目的总体指导方针。

只要提供给我一个你打算做什么的提纲，好吧，我有点担心……我仍然需要你按照我们在课堂上讨论过的格式提交论文，而不是酒店经理想要的任何格式。

Lecture1
原文
NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.
MALE PROFESSOR:OK,so we’ve all heard of the Louvre,right?Maybe the most famous art museum in Paris,France?In1793the Louvre was the first museum to open its doors to the public.Up till then,there were lots of private museums…private collections in the homes of Europe’s royalty and nobility…but only a select few were invited to see those works of art.The idea of a public museum was,in essence,a new one.
Now,when the Louvre opened as a public museum,it was free to all artists every day of the week.But to those who were not artists—y’know,the rest of the general public?Well,they were only allowed to visit the museum on certain days.And that’s because the public museum was first seen as a teaching institution—a place where past artistic achievements would be available to current artists to learn from.
OK,so you see the first step was taken—from museums that were just private institutions owned by royalty…to the Louvre,a museum open to the public—with some restrictions.But then there was another shift…and that was brought about by a French painter named Alexandre Lenoir.Lenoir was a young and enthusiastic artist who’d been assigned to be the supervisor of a storehouse for artworks in1791.
Y’see,the French Revolution was taking place at that time,and many national monuments and other works of art were getting damaged or destroyed. Consequently,a couple of large buildings in Paris were dedicated as storehouses for rescued artworks.Five years later,in1796,Lenoir did something unique with the art in his storehouse—something never done before:he classified and displayed the paintings and statues by period and style.
So people began to notice—and admire—what Lenoir was doing.And soon,he transformed his storehouse into what would become the National Museum of French Monuments,which would later become a branch of the very Louvre that started this whole discussion.And,uh,what’s even more notable is that,Lenoir’s system of classification and display—it became a model for other public art museums…with each room in the museum representing a different century or period of art.Lenoir’s
belief that a museum should be concerned with public instruction and offer education according to historical periods—this concept seems obvious now,but it was groundbreaking back then.
Interestingly,though,not everyone was,uhh…impressed with Lenoir…or with museums in general,for that matter.There were people—including some artists and historians—who were as much against museums as Lenoir was for them.In fact, some argued that museums would pretty much bring an end to art.They contended that works of art removed from their original context were…incomplete—that artworks ought to remain in the places…the mountains,towns,uhh…in the locations where they were originally created and viewed.
Take a painting created in an Italian seaside village,for example.Could that painting maintain its same identity once it was moved to a museum in France?Nowadays, most of us know and appreciate the fact that we can go to a museum and see many works of art from different time periods,artists,and countries.The fact that anyone can go into one place and see works of distant cultures,enjoy their beauty,and even find inspiration in them benefits us all.The Louvre clearly embraces this concept.But there are still some skeptics,people today who are just as skeptical of art museums as the critics were back in Lenoir’s day…and for all the same reasons.
题目
1.What is the lecture mainly about?
A.The influence of private art galleries on public museums
B.The role of art museums as teaching institutions for artists
C.The debate about the Louvre’s opening to the public
D.The early history of the public art museum
2.Why does the professor mention that artists were allowed to visit the Louvre every day?[Click on2answers.]
A.To point out that the public museum was conceived as a place for studying
B.To indicate that all citizens were able to visit the museum whenever they wanted
C.To question why certain artists did not spend time at the Louvre
D.To contrast the accessibility of art in the Louvre with that of art in private museums
3.Why does the professor mention the French Revolution?
A.To name an event depicted in Alexandre Lenoir’s artwork
B.To identify the theme of an exhibit room in the Louvre
C.To explain why art storehouses were created
D.To help explain some people’s attitude toward public museums
4.According to the professor,what major contribution did Alexandre Lenoir make to the art community?
A.He donated many original paintings to public museums.
B.He developed a systematic way of exhibiting art in museums.
C.He invented a unique way to restore damaged artwork.
D.He designed a national monument in post-Revolution France.
5.The professor gives an example of a painting made in an Italian seaside village.
According to the professor,what would some skeptics say about that painting?
A.It should not be exhibited unless it appeals to people from a variety of cultures.
B.It should not be moved out of the geographic area in which it was created.
C.It should be exhibited in the Louvre before traveling to any other museum.
D.It should always be grouped with similar paintings in a museum.
6.What opinion about public art museums does the professor express?
A.They focus too much on entertainment and not enough on education.
B.They are more important to artists than to the general public.
C.Their way of exhibiting artwork needs to be modernized.
D.They succeed in allowing varied works of art to be appreciated in a centralized location.
答案
B AD
C B B D
译文
旁白：听艺术史课上的一篇讲座。

男教授：好吧，我们都听说过卢浮宫，对吧？也许是法国巴黎最著名的艺术博物馆？1793年，卢浮宫是第一个向公众开放的博物馆。

在那之前，有很多私人博物馆……欧洲皇室贵族的私人收藏……但只有少数人被邀请参观这些艺术品。

公
共博物馆的想法，本质上是一个新的想法。

现在，当卢浮宫作为一个公共博物馆开放时，它每天都对所有艺术家免费开放。

但对于那些不是艺术家的人，其他的公众呢？嗯，他们只允许在某些日子参观博物馆。

这是因为公共博物馆最初被视为一个教学机构，一个可以让当代艺术家学习过去艺术成就的地方。

好吧，你看第一步是从那些只是皇室所有的私人机构的博物馆……到卢浮宫，一个对公众开放的博物馆，有一些限制。

但后来又发生了另一个转变……这是由一位名叫亚历山大雷诺尔的法国画家带来的。

伦诺是一位年轻热情的艺术家，1791年被指派为一个艺术品仓库的主管。

当时法国大革命正在进行，许多国家的纪念碑和其他艺术品遭到破坏或毁坏。

因此，巴黎的几座大型建筑被用作抢救艺术品的仓库。

五年后，即1796年，勒诺伊尔用他仓库里的艺术品做了一件以前从未做过的事情：他按时期和风格对绘画和雕像进行分类和展示。

因此，人们开始注意到并钦佩勒诺的所作所为。

很快，他把他的仓库改造成了法国国家纪念碑博物馆，后来成为卢浮宫的一个分支，开始了整个讨论。

而且，呃，更值得注意的是，勒诺的分类和展示体系成为了其他公共艺术博物馆的典范……博物馆里的每个房间都代表着不同世纪或不同时期的艺术。

勒诺尔认为博物馆应该关注公共教育，并根据历史时期提供教育。

这一概念现在看来很明显，但在当时却是开创性的。

有趣的是，并不是每个人都对勒诺伊印象深刻，或者对一般博物馆印象深刻。

有些人，包括一些艺术家和历史学家，和勒诺伊一样反对博物馆。

事实上，有些人认为博物馆几乎会终结艺术。

他们争辩说，从原始环境中移除的艺术作品……是不完整的，艺术作品应该保留在……山上，城镇，呃……在它们最初创作和观看的地方。

以一幅在意大利海滨村庄创作的油画为例。

那幅画一旦被移到法国的一个博物馆，还能保持它的身份吗？现在，我们大多数人都知道并欣赏这样一个事实：我们可以去博物馆看许多不同时期、不同艺术家和不同国家的艺术作品。

任何人都可以
到一个地方去看遥远文化的作品，欣赏它们的美，甚至从中找到灵感，这对我们大家都有好处。

卢浮宫显然包含了这个概念。

但是仍然有一些怀疑论者，今天的人们对艺术博物馆的怀疑和勒诺尔时代的批评家一样……出于同样的原因。

Lecture2
原文
NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a health science class.
FEMALE PROFESSOR:We’ve all heard that there are health benefits to regular exercise.It’s hard even to know where to begin:increased strength,a sense of well-being,weight maintenance,a healthy heart and cardiovascular system,need I go on?Now we’re hearing that exercise also has a positive effect on our high-level intellectual abilities.There’re a few hypotheses that may explain how exercise affects our brain.But before we get into that,I need to talk a little bit about neurogenesis.
Neurogenesis is the creation of new neurons,nerve cells,in the brain.Now,maybe you’ve heard that the human brain doesn’t generate new neurons after fetal development,that the neurons you have when you’re born are all you’ll ever have…unlike what’s true of cells in most tissues,which are generated and replaced throughout life.But some decades ago,research on the ability of adult songbirds to learn new songs changed that whole paradigm.The research showed that in adulthood,the songbirds’brains created new neurons and that these new cells helped them remember how to sing new songs.These findings on songbirds opened up the question of whether the same processes that occurred in birds also occurred in humans.And subsequent research confirmed that the adult human brain indeed generates new neurons in the memory center of the brain.
But,how exactly does exercise fit in here?Well,probably the most studied hypothesis out there proposes that exercise increases the production of important
proteins in the brain.One such protein is called brain-derived neurotrophic factor,or BDNF.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor helps neurons grow,multiply,connect,and transmit signals.We’ve always known that it served this function during fetal development.But does it play a role in the proliferation of adult neurons as well? Well,let’s consider what some animal studies indicate.In one important rat study, brain signals and responsiveness to those signals were enhanced within just seconds after rats were administered doses of BDNF.And physical activity in rats,even just a few minutes of swimming,has been shown to increase BDNF levels.Yes,Susan.
FEMALE STUDENT:Ah…that study was done on rats.
FEMALE PROFESSOR:Well,it’s true that a direct connection between BDNF,physical exercise,and brain performance in people hasn’t been proven yet.But the sheer numbers of studies that indicate a connection in animals say a lot,in my view.
And exercise does seem to have an effect on the human brain:The research done with brain imaging techniques shows that the brains of people who exercise are much denser compared to those who don’t.Uh,suggesting that neurons are branching and making connections with other neurons.Also,in clinical studies involving active and inactive adults,the active adults scored much higher on cognitive tests that measured high-level thinking skills than inactive adults did.
FEMALE STUDENT:But I’ve always thought that doing crossword puzzles and…like, reading a lot was important if you wanted to maintain your thinking abilities.You know,that you need to stay mentally stimulated and learn new things.
FEMALE PROFESSOR:Yes,it seems that gaining knowledge or abilities is another key. While it’s true that thousands of new neurons are produced in the brain’s memory center each day and that exercise promotes their generation,those new neurons will just die off if they’re not being used for anything.Animal studies have shown a correlation between acquiring new skills and new neurons actually surviving in the brain.It seems to be a use it or lose it kind of thing.So good point.Yes,Matt?
MALE STUDENT:I was just wondering:how much exercise do we need to keep our brains making neurons?I imagine the more,the better,right?
FEMALE PROFESSOR:Well…interestingly,some studies suggest that less is more here. You see,there’s a particular stress hormone that’s elevated in response to all methods of exercise,but more so with more intense regimens.Stress hormones have been implicated in reducing BDNF levels and can also create a cascade of other problems in the human body.
题目
1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A.To compare the effects of different types of exercise on learning
B.To analyze the relationship between exercise and cardiovascular health
C.To discuss research suggesting that exercise promotes cognitive function
D.To elaborate on the importance of vigorous exercise in stress management
2.What did researchers decide to investigate as a result of the research on songbirds?
A.Whether new neurons could develop in the adult human brain
B.Which cognitive processes played the biggest role in increasing songbirds’ability to learn new songs
C.Which brain chemicals were involved in neurogenesis in songbirds
D.What role exposure to music plays in human brain development
3.What is the professor’s opinion about the research findings on rats that were
administered BDNF?
A.The findings should be used with caution when making claims about the role of BDNF in human fetal development.
B.The findings suggest that BDNF may play a role in the development of neurons in humans.
C.The findings indicate that BDNF probably hindered rats’ability to generate new neurons.
D.The findings show that BDNF probably did not help rats remember how to perform certain tasks.
4.What does the professor imply may be important to prevent new neurons from dying in adult humans?
A.Vigorous exercise regimens
B.Mentally stimulating learning environments
C.Avoidance of radical weight gain or loss
D.A healthy cardiovascular system
5.What point does the professor make when she discusses stress hormones?
A.Different individuals need different amounts of stress hormones for optimal brain function.
B.Learning is more likely to occur in individuals who are completely relaxed.
C.Elevated stress hormones may indicate a need for more frequent exercise.
D.Moderate exercise regimens may be more beneficial than extreme exercise regimens.
6.Why does the professor say this?
We’ve all heard that there are health benefits to regular exercise.It’s hard even to know where to begin:increased strength,a sense of well-being,weight maintenance, a healthy heart and cardiovascular system,need I go on?
A.To signal that she will provide examples of studies that conflict with popular notions about exercise
B.To prompt the students to think about other benefits of exercise
C.To imply that it is unnecessary to give additional examples to support her statement about exercise
D.To make the point that the health benefits of exercise are somewhat exaggerated
答案
C A B B
D C
译文
旁白：在健康科学课上听一部分讲座。

女教授：我们都听说经常锻炼对健康有益。

甚至很难知道从哪里开始：增强力量，获得幸福感，保持体重，健康的心脏和心血管系统，我需要继续吗？现在我们听说锻炼对我们的高水平智力也有积极的影响。

有一些假说可以解释运动如何影响我们的大脑。

但在我们开始之前，我需要谈谈神经发生。

神经发生是在大脑中产生新的神经元，神经细胞。

现在，也许你听说过，人的大
脑在胎儿发育后不会产生新的神经元，你出生时拥有的神经元是你所拥有的全部……与大多数组织中的细胞不同，这些细胞在一生中都会产生和替换。

但是几十年前，对成年鸣禽学习新歌的能力的研究改变了这种模式。

研究表明，在成年期，鸣禽的大脑产生了新的神经元，这些新的细胞帮助它们记住如何唱新歌。

这些对鸣禽的发现揭示了一个问题，即在鸟类身上发生的同样的过程是否也发生在人类身上。

随后的研究证实，成年人脑确实在大脑的记忆中心产生了新的神经元。

但是，在这里锻炼到底如何？好吧，可能是目前研究最多的假说提出运动可以增加大脑中重要蛋白质的产生。

其中一种蛋白质被称为脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）。

脑源性神经营养因子帮助神经元生长、增殖、连接和传递信号。

我们一直知道它在胎儿发育过程中起着这种作用。

但是它也在成年神经元的增殖中起作用吗？好吧，让我们考虑一些动物研究的结果。

在一项重要的鼠类研究中，脑信号和对这些信号的反应在给鼠类注射BDNF后的几秒钟内就增强了。

而鼠类的体力活动，哪怕只是几分钟的游泳，也已经被证明可以增加BDNF的水平。

是的，苏珊。

女学生：啊…那个研究是在老鼠身上做的。

女教授：嗯，脑源性神经营养因子、体育锻炼和大脑功能之间的直接联系还没有被证实。

但在我看来，大量的研究表明动物之间存在联系。

运动似乎确实对人脑有影响：脑成像技术的研究表明，与不运动的人相比，运动的人的大脑密度要大得多。

呃，这表明神经元在分支，并与其他神经元建立联系。

此外，在涉及活跃和不活跃的成年人的临床研究中，活跃的成年人在测量高水平思维能力的认知测试中的得分要比不活跃的成年人高得多。

女学生：但我一直认为，如果你想保持自己的思维能力，做填字游戏和…比如，多读书是很重要的。

你知道，你需要保持精神上的刺激，学习新的东西。

女教授：是的，似乎获得知识或能力是另一个关键。

诚然，每天大脑的记忆中心都会产生成千上万的新神经元，而运动能促进它们的产生，但如果这些新神经元没有被用于任何用途，它们就会死掉。

动物研究表明，获得新技能与大脑中实际存活的新神经元之间存在关联。

它似乎是一种使用它或失去它的东西。

说得对。

是的，马特？
学生男：我只是想知道：我们需要多少运动来保持我们的大脑制造神经元？我觉得越多越好，对吧？
女教授：好吧……有趣的是，一些研究表明，在这里越少越好。

你看，有一种特殊的应激激素在所有的运动方式下都会升高，但在更高强度的运动疗法中更是如此。

应激激素与降低BDNF水平有关，也可能在人体内造成一连串其他问题。