Unit 5 Period 2 Words 词汇拓展延伸-八年级英语上册同步精品课堂(牛津上海版)
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【知识拓展】harmful adj. 有害的e. g. The new drug has no harmful side-effects. 这种新药物 没有副作用。 【反义】harmless adj. 无害的 e. g. Their dog seems fierce, but he's harmless. 他们家的那条狗看上去很凶，但不会伤人。 【友情提示】像harmful与harmless这样的形容 词还有：useful-useless, helpful-helpless, careful-careless等。
have knowledge or information about something in your mind
I know about Mr Calvin. I don’t know much about sports.
be in the place where something or somebody is or was
be the reason why something happens Who caused the accident? The fire was caused by a cigarette.
hurt or damage
I mean no harm to her.
The drought did a lot of harm to the crops.
Many old customs are dying out.
The English of today is very different from the English of 500 years ago. In time, some even die out completely.
no person; not anybody Nobody in our class speaks Greek. There was nobody at home.
feel sure that something is true or right; feel sure that what somebody says is true Long ago, people believed that the Earth was flat.
She says she didn’t take the money. Do you believe her?
I left my gloves behind after class. What have we left behind after going away?
as … as someone can
Come as early as possible. Our PE teacher always told us to run as fast as possible. I will write as many articles as possible. Betty eats as little fried food as possible.
(produce) made in China.
14．The （music）will put on a new performance tomorrow.
15．Lady Gaga got a lot of
(praise) for her acting in a film called House of Gucci.
【友情提示】even意为“更，甚至”时，后可接形容词和副词的比较级。 e. g. This new software works even faster.这种新软件速度更快。 His house is even bigger than his mother's. 他的房子甚至比他妈妈的房子还大。
stop existing
lose one’s life because of
He died of hunger before liberation. Nowadays many people die of cancer.
illness Most diseases could be wiped out. I caught the disease from you.
1．mice 【详解】句意：农场上有很多鸡、绵羊和老鼠。mouse“老鼠”，可数名词；lots of表示“许多的”，修饰复数名词或不可数名词；mouse的复数形式是不规则变化，故填mice。 2．coaches 【详解】句意：许多教练经常表扬运动员出色的团队合作精神。many意为“许多的”后应接可数名词复数，coach的复数形式为coaches。故填coaches。 3．harmful 【详解】句意：孩子们，吃太多甜食对牙齿有害。
根据“Eating too many sweets is...to your teeth, kids.”可知，设空处位于系动词is后面作表语，应填入一个形容词形式，harmful“有害的”，形容词作表语，be harmful to意为“对……有害”，故填harmful。 4．ability 【详解】句意：这个女孩有音乐才能。musical是形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词，所以空处应填able的名词ability，musical ability“音乐才能”。故填ability。 5．mouses 【详解】句意：这两个鼠标可以用来控制电脑。mouse作“老鼠”时，复数是mice；作“鼠标”时，复数是mouses。这里基数词“two”修饰名词复数。根据“to control the computers”可知，应该是“鼠标”，复数是 mouses。故填mouses。 6．circle 【详解】句意：我想要一个大的朋友圈。根据不定冠词空格前“a”可知空格处用名词单数，故填circle。 7．glasses 【详解】句意：桌子上有几杯牛奶。根据“are...”可知此处用名词复数glasses“杯”。故填glasses。 8．mice 【详解】句意：老鼠害怕猫。根据“are”可知，主语应用复数形式，“mouse”“老鼠”的复数形式是“mice”。故填mice。 9．men 【详解】句意：我们班有五位男老师。man和woman修饰复数名词时，需相应变化成men和women。由teachers是复数可知，修饰词也用复数men。故填men。 10．fiercer 【详解】句意：有些恐龙比老虎凶猛，而且它们吃肉。此处作表语，根据空后的than可知，空处用形容词比较级；fierce“凶猛的”，是形容词，其比较级为fiercer，故填fiercer。 11．articles 【详解】句意：这里有一些关于保护环境的文章。article“文章”，可数名词，some后加可数名词复数，故填articles。 12．articles 【详解】句意：根据报纸，我想要读许多文章。article“文章”，可数名词。空前面有many，所以本空用复数形式，故填articles。 13．products 【详解】句意：无论你在世界的哪个地方旅行，你都能找到中国制造的产品。根据“you can find the…made in China”可知，能找到中国制造的产品，product“产品”，此空应填复数名词，故填products。 14．musician 【详解】句意：这位音乐家明天将上演一场新的演出。music“音乐”，名词。根据“这位……明天将上演一场新的演出。”可知，应该是“音乐家”，填单数名词musician作主语。故填musician。 15．praises 【详解】句意：Lady Gaga在一部名为《House of Gucci》的电影中的表演获得了很多好评。praise“称赞，赞扬”，可数名词，根据a lot of可知，此空应填复数形式，故填praises。
letters and parcels that you send or receive; post
I want this letter to catch the afternoon mail.
Is there another mail in the afternoon?
not just in the mind; exactly existing; true
1．There are lots of chickens, sheep, and (mouse) on the farm.
2．Many (coach) often praise the player for his excellent team work.
3．Eating too many sweets is ( harm) to your teeth, kids.
The Roman Empire existed for several centuries.
【常用搭配】 exist as作为……而存在，以……形态存在exist in存在于……中 exist on靠……生活；靠……生存【知识拓展】
existence n. 存在，实在 e. g. When did this world come into existence? 这世界是何时形成的？
a word that you use to say that something is surprising
I have explained everything, but even now she doesn’t understand.
I can’t even remember the name of that old friend of mine.
Unit5 Encyclopaedias
e. g. A dictionary explains words and an encyclopaedia explains facts. 词典解释词义， 百科全书解释事实。
【友情提示】又作encyclopedia.
live; be real
The old lady exists only on rice coffee and bread.
That is a real dog, not a toy. The film is based on real life.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
at the same time as
I listen to the radio while I’m eating my breakfast. The telephone rang while I was having a shower.
(article) about protecting the environment.
12．I’d like to read many
(article) according to the newspaper.
13．Wherever you travel around the world, you can find the
16．Don’t be sad for the falling
(leaf). They will come out next year.
17．It’s cold today. You’d better put on more clothes. (real)
8．The (mouse) are afraid of the cats.
9．In our class, we have five (man) teachers.
10．Some dinosaurs were than tigers and ate meat. (fierce)
11．Here are some
4．The girl has musical (able).
5．The two (mouse) can be used to control the computers.
6．I want a big (circles) of friends.
7．There are some
(glass) of milk on the table.
have knowledge or information about something in your mind
I know about Mr Calvin. I don’t know much about sports.
be in the place where something or somebody is or was
be the reason why something happens Who caused the accident? The fire was caused by a cigarette.
hurt or damage
I mean no harm to her.
The drought did a lot of harm to the crops.
Many old customs are dying out.
The English of today is very different from the English of 500 years ago. In time, some even die out completely.
no person; not anybody Nobody in our class speaks Greek. There was nobody at home.
feel sure that something is true or right; feel sure that what somebody says is true Long ago, people believed that the Earth was flat.
She says she didn’t take the money. Do you believe her?
I left my gloves behind after class. What have we left behind after going away?
as … as someone can
Come as early as possible. Our PE teacher always told us to run as fast as possible. I will write as many articles as possible. Betty eats as little fried food as possible.
(produce) made in China.
14．The （music）will put on a new performance tomorrow.
15．Lady Gaga got a lot of
(praise) for her acting in a film called House of Gucci.
【友情提示】even意为“更，甚至”时，后可接形容词和副词的比较级。 e. g. This new software works even faster.这种新软件速度更快。 His house is even bigger than his mother's. 他的房子甚至比他妈妈的房子还大。
stop existing
lose one’s life because of
He died of hunger before liberation. Nowadays many people die of cancer.
illness Most diseases could be wiped out. I caught the disease from you.
1．mice 【详解】句意：农场上有很多鸡、绵羊和老鼠。mouse“老鼠”，可数名词；lots of表示“许多的”，修饰复数名词或不可数名词；mouse的复数形式是不规则变化，故填mice。 2．coaches 【详解】句意：许多教练经常表扬运动员出色的团队合作精神。many意为“许多的”后应接可数名词复数，coach的复数形式为coaches。故填coaches。 3．harmful 【详解】句意：孩子们，吃太多甜食对牙齿有害。
根据“Eating too many sweets is...to your teeth, kids.”可知，设空处位于系动词is后面作表语，应填入一个形容词形式，harmful“有害的”，形容词作表语，be harmful to意为“对……有害”，故填harmful。 4．ability 【详解】句意：这个女孩有音乐才能。musical是形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词，所以空处应填able的名词ability，musical ability“音乐才能”。故填ability。 5．mouses 【详解】句意：这两个鼠标可以用来控制电脑。mouse作“老鼠”时，复数是mice；作“鼠标”时，复数是mouses。这里基数词“two”修饰名词复数。根据“to control the computers”可知，应该是“鼠标”，复数是 mouses。故填mouses。 6．circle 【详解】句意：我想要一个大的朋友圈。根据不定冠词空格前“a”可知空格处用名词单数，故填circle。 7．glasses 【详解】句意：桌子上有几杯牛奶。根据“are...”可知此处用名词复数glasses“杯”。故填glasses。 8．mice 【详解】句意：老鼠害怕猫。根据“are”可知，主语应用复数形式，“mouse”“老鼠”的复数形式是“mice”。故填mice。 9．men 【详解】句意：我们班有五位男老师。man和woman修饰复数名词时，需相应变化成men和women。由teachers是复数可知，修饰词也用复数men。故填men。 10．fiercer 【详解】句意：有些恐龙比老虎凶猛，而且它们吃肉。此处作表语，根据空后的than可知，空处用形容词比较级；fierce“凶猛的”，是形容词，其比较级为fiercer，故填fiercer。 11．articles 【详解】句意：这里有一些关于保护环境的文章。article“文章”，可数名词，some后加可数名词复数，故填articles。 12．articles 【详解】句意：根据报纸，我想要读许多文章。article“文章”，可数名词。空前面有many，所以本空用复数形式，故填articles。 13．products 【详解】句意：无论你在世界的哪个地方旅行，你都能找到中国制造的产品。根据“you can find the…made in China”可知，能找到中国制造的产品，product“产品”，此空应填复数名词，故填products。 14．musician 【详解】句意：这位音乐家明天将上演一场新的演出。music“音乐”，名词。根据“这位……明天将上演一场新的演出。”可知，应该是“音乐家”，填单数名词musician作主语。故填musician。 15．praises 【详解】句意：Lady Gaga在一部名为《House of Gucci》的电影中的表演获得了很多好评。praise“称赞，赞扬”，可数名词，根据a lot of可知，此空应填复数形式，故填praises。
letters and parcels that you send or receive; post
I want this letter to catch the afternoon mail.
Is there another mail in the afternoon?
not just in the mind; exactly existing; true
1．There are lots of chickens, sheep, and (mouse) on the farm.
2．Many (coach) often praise the player for his excellent team work.
3．Eating too many sweets is ( harm) to your teeth, kids.
The Roman Empire existed for several centuries.
【常用搭配】 exist as作为……而存在，以……形态存在exist in存在于……中 exist on靠……生活；靠……生存【知识拓展】
existence n. 存在，实在 e. g. When did this world come into existence? 这世界是何时形成的？
a word that you use to say that something is surprising
I have explained everything, but even now she doesn’t understand.
I can’t even remember the name of that old friend of mine.
Unit5 Encyclopaedias
e. g. A dictionary explains words and an encyclopaedia explains facts. 词典解释词义， 百科全书解释事实。
【友情提示】又作encyclopedia.
live; be real
The old lady exists only on rice coffee and bread.
That is a real dog, not a toy. The film is based on real life.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
at the same time as
I listen to the radio while I’m eating my breakfast. The telephone rang while I was having a shower.
(article) about protecting the environment.
12．I’d like to read many
(article) according to the newspaper.
13．Wherever you travel around the world, you can find the
16．Don’t be sad for the falling
(leaf). They will come out next year.
17．It’s cold today. You’d better put on more clothes. (real)
8．The (mouse) are afraid of the cats.
9．In our class, we have five (man) teachers.
10．Some dinosaurs were than tigers and ate meat. (fierce)
11．Here are some
4．The girl has musical (able).
5．The two (mouse) can be used to control the computers.
6．I want a big (circles) of friends.
7．There are some
(glass) of milk on the table.