2019-2020学年译林版英语选修八新素养同步学案：Unit 2 The universal language Section Ⅱ Welcome to th

Section ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading—Language Points
cast (cast, cast)vt. & vi.选派角色；投射(光、影)；向……投以(视线、笑容) n．演员阵容；投掷
(教材P18)Some of the world’s greatest opera singers were cast in this production, and many great Chinese musicians also participated.几位世界顶级的歌剧演唱家担任角色，许多杰出的中国音乐家也参加了演出。

be cast in 被选派……(角色)
cast light on 使……清楚
cast a shadow on/over 为……蒙上阴影
cast doubt on 怀疑……
cast a glance at/on 对……瞥了一眼
cast down 使沮丧
①The show is very amusing and the cast is very good.
演出妙趣横生，演员的表演也很出彩。

②The two world wars cast_a_shadow_over the people all over the world.
两次世界大战在全世界人民心中留下了阴影。

③All eyes were cast on/upon the speaker.
所有的目光投射在说话者身上。

④Don’t be cast_down by a small failure in your experiment.你别因为实验中小小的失败就萎靡不振。

⑤She cast_a_glance_at the notice and went into the office in a hurry.她瞥了一眼通知，匆匆忙忙走进了办公室。

condemn vt.谴责；使……处于不幸(不愉快)的状态；判刑，宣告……有罪(经典例句)The judge condemned him a ticket of 200 yuan for speeding.
他因超速被法官开了200元的罚单。

condemn sb. for sth.因某事而谴责某人
be condemned/sentenced to death 被判处死刑
condemn sb. to (do) sth. 使某人不得不(做)……
①She knew that society would condemn her for abandoning her children.
她知道社会会因她遗弃孩子而谴责她。

②He was found guilty and condemned_to_death．
他被裁定有罪，判处了死刑。

③His occupation condemned him to_spend(spend) long periods of time away from his family.
他的职业使他不得不长时间地离开家人。

dare vt.& vi.& aux.敢于，胆敢
(教材P18)This means that few men would dare to ask for her hand in marriage.
这意味着几乎没有人胆敢向她求婚。

(1)dare用作实义动词时常与不定式连用，在否定句中也可省略to，有人称、数和时态的变化，其疑问和否定形式要用助动词do。

(2)dare作情态动词主要用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。

在使用时没有人称和数的变化，但有时态的变化，后跟不带to的不定式，否定形式直接在dare后面加not或缩写为daren’t。

(3)I dare say我猜想/认为……，后常跟省略that的从句。

How dare you...你竟敢……
①I dare say the computer would provide a clear answer to that. 我认为计算机能就其给出一个清楚的答案。

②Most people hate Harry but they don’t dare to_say(say) so.
大多数人都对哈里敢怒不敢言。

③How dare you ask me such a question?
你怎敢问我这样的问题？
④They dare not play (play) a joke on him in case he becomes angry.
他们不敢对他开玩笑，怕他发火。

[巧学活用]——单句改错
(1)How dare you to speak to me like that？去掉第一个to
(2)He does not dare to see his father, dare he？第二个dare改为does
disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起恐慌的
(教材P18)The emperor finds the death disturbing.
皇帝对这种杀戮感到很不安。

(1)disturb v t.打扰；扰乱；吵醒；弄乱
(2)disturbed adj.被打扰的；担心的；心理不正常的
①Now and then some disturbing text messages made her unsleeping.时不时的骚扰短信使她睡不好觉。

②This disturbing(disturb) news really upset me so that I couldn’t sleep well.
这条令人不安的消息让我非常担心，以至于不能安然入眠。

interrupt指“插嘴，使中断，打断(别人的讲话或行动等)”；disturb指“扰乱，干扰”，还可表示“使烦恼，使焦虑”等。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)Tom’s mother was disturbed(disturb) to hear that he had failed to pass the exam.
(2)A piece of disturbing(disturb) news came that an unknown disease was spreading in the area.
[能力提升]——选词填空(interrupt/disturb)
(3)It’s bad manners to interrupt others when they are talking.
(4)I’m sorry to interrupt，but there’s something important I have to tell you.
(5)Sorry to disturb you，but can I talk to you for a minute?
break one’s promise食言，不遵守诺言
(教材P18)However, although he would like to, he cannot break his promise and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.但是，虽然他很想收回这一允诺，但又不能食言，只能让图兰朵按照自己的意愿行事。

keep one’s promise信守诺言
make/give a promise 答应，许诺
carry out a promise 履行诺言
undertake to do sth. 承诺做某事
①Once he made a promise, he would stick to it.
他一旦许下诺言，就会坚守这个诺言。

②Once you give somebody a promise, you must carry it out no matter what will happen. This is called “keeping one’s words”.
一旦你给了别人承诺，不管发生什么事，你都必须履行它，这就叫“一言九鼎”。

③She kept_her_promise to visit her aunt regularly.
她信守诺言，定期去看望姑妈。

fall in love(常与with连用)相爱，坠入爱河
(教材P18)Shortly afterwards, another prince, Calaf, falls in love with Turandot at first sight and decides to solve the riddles so that he can marry her.
之后不久，另一位王子卡拉夫对图兰朵一见钟情，决定要解开谜底，以便迎娶图兰朵。

fall in love with“突然爱上”，表示动作，是短暂性动词短语be in love with “爱/喜欢”，表示状态，是延续性动词短语
be in love相爱
①I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.
我知道如果你爱上什么东西并一直坚持去做，你会把它做得更好。

②He has been_in_love_with her for three years.
他已与她恋爱三年了。

③Falling_in_love_with you, I feel I am the happiest person.
和你相爱，让我感觉自己是最幸福的人。

at (first) sight/at (the) sight of
初次见面/乍一看/一见到……就……
(教材P18)Shortly afterwards，another prince，Calaf，falls in love with Turandot at first sight and decides to solve the riddles so that he can marry her.
之后不久，另一位王子卡拉夫对图兰朵一见钟情，决定要解开谜底，以便迎娶图兰朵。

sight n．视觉；视界；看见；景色，名胜；见解catch sight of... 看见……
lose sight of... 看不到……
in/within sight 在视野范围内
out of sight 看不见，在视野之外
①Tom met Mary at a party, and they fell in love at first sight.
汤姆在一次聚会上遇到玛丽，两人一见钟情。

②At_the_sight_of the picture I thought of my childhood.
一看见这幅画我就想起了我的童年。

③She caught sight of a car in the distance.
她看见远处有一辆汽车。

④The land came in sight after we had sailed for ten days.
我们在海上航行了十天，终于看见了陆地。

[巧学活用]——选用上述短语填空
(1)We must never lose_sight_of the fact that man must live in harmony with nature.
(2)I caught_sight_of her getting on the bus when I came out of the store.
(3)At_the_sight_of his mother，he cried with excitement.
(4)At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out_of_sight．
take on呈现；雇用；承担(责任等)
(教材P18)The story then takes on a classic love triangle between Calaf, Turandot and Liu.
故事随后演绎了发生在卡拉夫、图兰朵和柳儿之间的经典三角恋情。

take after(长得)像(父母等)
take down 拿下；拆毁；写下
take in 拿进来；吸收；欺骗
take off 移除，脱下；起飞；突然成功take over 接管
take up 拿起；占(时间，地方)；开始从事
①The trees began to turn green, and it took on the look of spring.
树开始变绿了，显出一片春天的景象。

②She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job.
她认定我是接手这份工作的最佳人选。

③Can I take down your details, sir?
先生，我能把你的详细情况写下来吗？
④Your daughter doesn’t take_after you at all.
你女儿长得一点都不像你。

demand vt.强烈要求；需要n．要求；需求
(教材P19)Calaf’s father and Liu have been seen accompanying Calaf, so Turandot seizes Calaf’s father and Liu, and demands that they tell her Calaf’s name or they will be beaten.
有人曾看见卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿陪着卡拉夫，因此图兰朵把卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿抓了起来，命令他们说出卡拉夫的名字，否则就要拷打他们。

(1)demand that sb./sth.(should) do要求某人/某物做……
demand to do 要求做……
sth.demand(s) to be done＝sth.demand(s) doing 某事需要被做
(2)meet/satisfy one’s demands (for...) 满足某人(对……)的需求
in demand 有需要
on demand 一经要求
(3)demanding adj.需高技能的；费力的；苛求的，
难满足的
①The work demands your attention without delay.
这项工作要求你立刻集中注意力。

②Our headmaster demanded that such things (should)_be_prevented(prevent) from happening again.
我们校长要求此类事情不应再发生。

③I demand to_know(know) what’s going on.
我要求了解正在发生什么事。

④They think learning English is one of the demands of modern society and will do good to our future career.
他们认为学习英语是现代社会的要求之一，它有益于我们未来的职业。

⑤(安徽卷)First, science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.
首先，在中国，对理科毕业生的需求比对文科生的更大。

(1)demand不可跟sb.to do结构。

(2)demand后跟宾语从句时，从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可省略。

用法类似的动词有：表坚持的insist；表命令的command，order；表建议的suggest，advise，propose；表要求的request，require, desire。

[巧学活用]——一句多译
我的小汽车需要修理了，因此我必须乘公共汽车上班。

(1)My car demands/needs/requires to_be_repaired，so I have to go to work by bus.
(2)My car demands/needs/requires repairing，so I have to go to work by bus.
scold vt.训斥，责骂
(教材P19)When it becomes evident what happened, Calaf scolds Turandot for not being more merciful.
当所发生的事情真相大白，卡拉夫责备图兰朵不够仁慈。

(1)scold sb.for (doing) sth. 由于(做)某事而责备某人
(2)scolding n. 训斥，责骂
①I wouldn’t scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends.
我不会因为决定周末聚会而责怪任何人。

②Did you scold him for breaking the cup?
你责骂他把杯子打碎了吗？
③As a kid, I was always getting scolded by my father for being(be) naughty.
作为一个孩子，我因调皮而经常受到父亲的责备。

④I got a scolding(scold) from my teacher.
我挨了老师一顿责骂。

(教材P18)Last night, I witnessed the first of only eight performances of Giacomo Puccini’s world-famous opera, Turandot, being performed in the Forbidden City in Beijing, China.昨晚，我看了贾科莫·普契尼闻名世界的歌剧《图兰朵》在中国北京紫禁城的首场演出，该歌剧在北京仅演八场。

(1)本句中现在分词短语的被动式being performed in the Forbidden City in Beijing ，China 作后置定语。

(2)to be done, done 和being done 作定语的区别：to be done 表被动、将来；done 表被动、完成；being done 表被动、正在进行。

①Have you read the novel written by Dickens? 你读过狄更斯写的这部小说吗？(表被动、完成)
②Listen ！
The song being_sung(sing) is very popular with the students. 听！现在正唱着的这首歌在学生中非常流行。

(表被动、正在进行)
③The question to_be_discussed(discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one. 明天在会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。

(表被动、将来)
(教材P 18)Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City —there could
not be a more awesome setting!
想想在紫禁城上演这出歌剧吧——不可能有比这更好的场景了！
(1)句中there could not be a more awesome setting 是用比较级形式表达最高级含义，属于“否定词＋比较级”结构。

not ，no ，never 等否定词与比较级连用，表示最高级含义，意为“再没有比……更……的了”。

(2)比较级表达最高级含义的句型还有：
比较级＋than ＋
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ ①any other ＋单数可数名词
②all （the ） other ＋复数名词③anybody/anyone else
④any of the other ＋复数名词⑤the rest of ＋复数名词或不可数 名词
(3)否定词＋so/as ＋形容词/副词原级＋as
①Nothing in the world is more valuable than those books.世上没有比那些书更有价值的东西了。

②My English teacher can’t _be_a_better_one ． 我的英语老师再好不过了。

③You couldn ’t have chosen a_better_gift for your mother.你给你妈妈选的礼物好极了。

(教材P 18)The emperor finds the death disturbing .
皇帝对这种杀戮感到很不安。

(1)句中finds the death disturbing属于“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，the death作finds的宾语，形容词disturbing作宾语补足语。

(2)find作“发现；认为；感到”讲时，除可以用形容词作其宾语补足语外，还可以用副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等。

如果作宾语的是动词不定式或宾语从句，常用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。

类似的动词还有feel，make，think 等。

①I find this job very satisfying.
我发现这份工作非常令人满意。

②I found his brother hard_to_get_along_with．
我发现他的兄弟很难相处。

③I found him working(work) in his garden.
我发现他在他的花园里干活。

(教材P18)However, although he would like to, he cannot break his promise and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.
但是，虽然他很想收回这一允诺，但又不能食言，只能让图兰朵按照自己的意愿行事。

句中although he would like to为although引导的让步状语从句，其中to是不定式的省略。

不定式作某些动词的宾语时，可将不定式符号to之后的内容省略，只保留to，常用于这种用法的动词有want，wish，expect, like, love，try，forget，prefer，mean，be going to, be about to, be supposed to等。

①Although I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film, I remember my family were moved to tears.
虽然当时我年幼，不理解这部电影的含义，但我记得我的家人都感动得落泪了。

②Although skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset one can hold is the heart.
尽管技巧和天赋能带来巨大的成功，然而一个人拥有的最有价值的财富是内心。

(1)如省略的不定式内含有助动词have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留have或be。

(2)否定形式的省略用not to。

③The boy wanted to ride the bike in the street, but his mother told him not_to．
小男孩想在街上骑自行车，但是他的妈妈不让他那样做。

④John didn’t come, but he ought_to_have.
约翰没有来，但是他本该来的。

Ⅰ品句填词
1.The captain was ____________(不愿意) to hand over the command of his ship.
答案：unwilling
2.The government officials showed no signs of giving in to the kidnappers’ ____________(要求)．
答案：demand
3.She wanted to do a good deed，only to be ____________(责备) by her teacher.
答案：condemned
4.The editor of the newspaper was ____________(指责) for lacking integrity.
答案：scolded
5.She didn’t ____________(参加) in the discussion.
答案：participate
6.They ____________(占领) the airport in a surprise attack.
答案：seized
7.We will not pity nor spare, nor have ____________(同情) to the enemy.
答案：mercy
8.Your report must be finished and submitted to the committee before the ____________(截止日期)．
答案：deadline
9．Such problems are a ____________(普遍的) feature of old age.
答案：universal
10．He was too ____________(顽固) to admit that he was wrong.
答案：stubborn
Ⅱ单句改错
1．The power project constructed now will play an important part in agriculture and industry in the future.
____________________
答案：project后加being
2．The Yangtze River is long than the other rivers in China.____________________
答案：long→longer
3．He was heartened to find the people live better than ever before.____________________ 答案：live→living
4．Two of the windows were found breaking.____________________
答案：breaking→broken
5．The boy wanted to swim in the river but his mother told him not.____________________ 答案：not后面加to
Ⅲ完成句子
1.面试后的几天，我收到了这所大学录取我的信。

A few days after the interview I received a letter ________________________________．
答案：offering my admission to the university
2．校长要求你立刻为你的鲁莽向她道歉。

The headmaster demanded that you ____________________________________ your rudeness immediately.
答案：(should) apologize to her for
3．布莱克先生退出政坛不问世事，结果被人遗忘。

Mr. Blake withdrew from the politics; as a consequence he ________________________.
答案：was forgotten by people
4.在我看来，这个计划太实用了。

In my opinion，this plan ____________________________________．
答案：can’t be more practical
5．他认为它有用，就买了它。

He ________________________ and bought it.
答案：thought it useful
Ⅳ课文语法填空
The world­famous opera，Turandot，is the story of a cold­hearted Chinese princess，1.____________(name) Turandot. In order to avoid 2.____________(marry)，she says that any potential husband must solve three riddles 3.____________(correct) or die. A prince，named Calaf，decides that he 4.____________(solve) the riddles and marry her. But a young slave of his father，Liu，begins to love him，then the story takes on a classic love triangle 5.____________(feature) Calaf，Turandot，and Liu，6.____________ love for Calaf is unconditional.7.____________ Calaf recites the answers to the Turandot’s questions correctly，she is greatly upset by this. 8.____________(see) this，Calaf says that 9.____________ she can guess
his name by sunrise，she does not have to marry him, but can have him killed. In order to learn his name，she tortures Liu，asking for the name. Unfortunately，Liu kills herself. But at the end of the story，the prince and Turandot unite in marriage, and the whole city celebrates their 10.____________(happy).
答案：d 2.marriage 3.correctly 4.will solve 5.featuring 6.whose7.Although 8.Seeing9.if10.happiness
A卷
Ⅰ单句语法填空
1．Who is the woman ____________(operate) on now?
答案：being operated
2．How beautifully she sings! I’ve never heard a ____________(good) voice.
答案：better
3．When we got home, we found mother ____________(wait) for us to have dinner.
答案：waiting
4．His lack of knowledge condemns him ____________(do) the kind of work that needs strength.
答案：to do
5．It’s ____________(disturb) that I can’t get along well with my new neighbor.
答案：disturbing
6．The boss demanded that Mary ____________(finish) it within a week.
答案：(should) finish
7．The campus has taken ____________ a new look.
答案：on
8．What truly made me fall in love ____________ my husband was his character.
答案：with
9．Jim got away with cheating in the Physics test, while Mike ____________(scold)．
答案：was scolded
10．I will let him know when the men come __________ sight again.
答案：in
Ⅱ阅读理解
French cuisine is extremely diverse，with only the Chinese having
similar variety in their food.This variety is supported by the French passion
for good food in all its forms，France’s extraordinary range of different
geographical conditions and climates that support the local production of many types of ingredients(原料), and France’s long and varied history.In many ways，an understanding of the culture of French food is an understanding of France itself.
Meals range from the very basic, such as the traditional baguette(棍子面包), cheese and inexpensive wine, to very elaborate meals that can include a dozen dishes and different wines consumed over several hours.Obviously，the latter type of dining is hardly used by most people.However, it is this dining that is typically found in“French restaurants”outside France，giving many foreigners the mistaken impression that French food is heavy and complicated.In fact，much of the French cuisine is fairly simple, relying on high­quality fresh ingredients and loving preparation.
Almost all the famous French dishes are regional specialties.The French Mediterranean uses olive oil, herbs and tomatoes in many of its dishes.The cuisine of northwest France uses butter, soured cream and apples.The cuisine of northeast France has a strong German influence which includes beer and sauerkraut.Throughout the south in general there tends to be more use of vegetables and fruit(in part due to the favorable climate)．
Any discussion about the influences on French cuisine would be incomplete without recognizing the historical contribution of Italy to the development of French cooking.In 1533，Catherine De Medicis (a Florentine princess) married a French prince.At this point，France was not known for its food.Catherine brought many Italian chefs with her to France, who introduced to France a variety of dishes，food preparation and dining practices.Although France and Italy obviously have evolved very different food cultures, much of France’s current food culture can be traced back to this time.
【解题导语】法国美食闻名天下，本文向我们介绍了很多关于法国美食的信息。

1．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Chinese cuisine is full of variety.
B．France has different climates.
C．France has a long history.
D．French cuisine lacks variety.
D解析：细节理解题。

从第一段中的“French cuisine is extremely diverse，with only the Chinese having similar variety in their food.”可知D项描述错误。

2．In France，a meal that includes a dozen dishes and different wines________．
A．is often consumed by average people
B．can only be found in restaurants
C．is not common among most people
D．is considered to be simple by most people
C解析：推理判断题。

从第二段中的“Obviously，the latter type of dining is hardly used by most people.”可知C项正确。

3．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．Features of food in different parts of France.
B．Table manners in different parts of France.
C．What influenced the development of French cuisine.
D．How French cuisine affects local culture.
A解析：段落大意题。

第三段主要讲述了法国不同地区的美食的特点。

4．We can learn from the last paragraph that________．
A．Italian food is more complicated than French food
B．Italian food culture is still influencing French food
C．French food was not as famous around the 1530s as it is now
D．French food is more famous than Italian food
C解析：推理判断题。

从最后一段中的“At this point，France was not known for its food.”可知C项正确。

Ⅲ完形填空
Mr. Jackson was blind from birth. He owned a fruit 1 on a very busy street. 2 he was visually disabled，he ran his business pretty handsomely. He could see nothing and he could only 3 the things within his reach. 4 ，he was able to handle it and was content with everything he had.
One day his son came to him. He told Mr. Jackson in 5 that he read in the newspaper of a 6 who could operate on his eyes and allow him to see. The father and son traveled to the doctor and paid for the 7 .
After the operation，the doctor asked Mr. Jackson, “What is the first thing you are 8 to see when I take the bandages off？”He replied，“I really want to see my beautiful 9 on my stand！”
The doctor and the son 10 Mr. Jackson down to the busy street where his fruit stand had been located for so many years. The doctor 11 unwrapped the bandages 12 he could lay his eyes on the beautiful fruit！Mr. Jackson was so full of 13 that he could finally see his life’s work—taking care of his fruit！After a few hours of 14 his beautiful fruit stand, he looked down the street both ways and saw there were quite a few fruit stands in both directions. He looked 15 the street and saw many other fruit stands.He spent so much time looking at
other people’s fruit stands and 16 the competition that soon his own business 17 ．From Mr. Jackson’s failure，we should know that everyone is a 18 individual with different fingerprints，DNA and thinking. What we need to do is just be ourselves and 19 everyone else to be who they are. Mind our own business and we should never be afraid of 20 ．
【解题导语】本文通过Mr.Jackson的故事，旨在告诉我们：我们每一个人都是独一无二的个体，我们有不同的思想，不同的遗传基因，所以我们要做最好的自己，但也要学会成就别人；人只有专注于自己的事业，心无旁骛，才有可能在竞争中立于不败之地。

1．A．stand B．company
C．store D．center
A解析：根据“I really want to see my beautiful ______on my stand！”可判断，Jackson 在一个繁华的商业街拥有一个“水果摊”。

A项意为“摊；报摊”；B项意为“公司”；C 项意为“商店”；D项意为“中心”，故选A项。

2．A．Because B．As
C．Although D．When
C解析：此处句意是：尽管他双目失明，但是他的水果摊生意经营得还是相当得好；前后是让步关系，故选C项。

3．A．remember B．describe
C．imagine D．feel
D解析：根据“He could see nothing...”可判断，Jackson眼睛看不见，他只能“触摸，感觉”周围的东西，故选D项。

4．A．Therefore B．However
C．Otherwise D．Besides
B解析：此处句意是：然而，他却能够把一切处理得井井有条，并对他所拥有的一切感到很满足；前后是转折关系，故选B项。

5．A．pride B．doubt
C．excitement D．surprise
C解析：此处句意是：儿子“兴奋地”告诉Jackson先生，他在报上读到一则消息，有一位医生能给他做手术，让他的眼睛重见光明。

in excitement“兴奋地”，故选C项。

6．A．doctor B．nurse
C．chemist D．volunteer
A解析：参见上一题解析。

7．A．information B．medicine
C．service D．operation
D解析：根据“After the operation, the doctor asked...”可判断，Jackson 和儿子去看医生、做手术，支付眼部手术费，故选D项。

8．A．nervous B．lucky
C．eager D．afraid
C解析：此处句意是：医生问Jackson术后去掉眼部绷带后，他最渴望见到的第一件东西是什么？be eager to do sth.“渴望干某事”，故选C项。

9．A．flowers B．vegetables
C．fruit D．clothing
C解析：Jackson回答说，他最想见到的是他水果摊上漂亮的水果，故选C项。

10．A．sent B．accompanied
C．followed D．invited
B解析：医生和儿子“陪同”Jackson先生来到他位于商业街的水果摊前；accompany“伴随，陪同”，故选B项。

11．A．suddenly B．curiously
C．carefully D．firmly
C解析：此处句意是：医生“小心谨慎地”解开Jackson的眼部绷带，目的是能让他看见水果摊上的水果，故选C项。

12．A．so that B．in case
C．even if D．if only
A解析：此处是用so that引导目的状语从句，故选A项。

13．A．regret B．joy
C．courage D．relief
B解析：Jackson终于能看见他的水果摊了，自然是十分“高兴”。

A项“遗憾”；B 项“高兴”；C项“勇气”；D项“宽慰”。

故选B项。

14．A．enjoying B．checking
C．judging D．making
A解析：此处句意是：欣赏完他漂亮的水果摊后，他看见街道两边上有很多水果摊；根据句意可知应选A项。

15．A．above B．within
C．through D．across
D解析：此处句意是：他向街对面看去，又看见了很多其他的水果摊。

look across“向……对面看去”，故选D项。

16．A．preparing for B．focusing on
C．worrying about D．taking up
C解析：Jackson花了大量的时间张望别人的水果摊，并对这种竞争充满焦虑，结果他的生意很快开始衰败。

A项“为……做准备”；B项“使(眼睛、注意力等)集中于……”；C项“担心……”；D项“占据”；根据句意可知选C项。

17．A．improved B．failed
C．appeared D．expanded
B解析：根据“From Mr. Jackson’s failure, we should know that...”可判断，此处应选B 项“衰退，失败”。

18．A．simple B．reliable
C．unique D．perfect
C解析：此处句意：我们每一个人都是有着不同的指纹，不同的基因和不同的思想的独特个体。

A项“简单的”；B项“可信赖的”；C项“唯一的，独特的”；D项“完美的”。

故选C项。

19．A．force B．require
C．persuade D．allow
D解析：此处句意：我们需要做的就是做最好的自己，也允许别人成为他们想要成为的人。

allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，故选D项。

20．A．competitions B．changes
C．differences D．disabilities
A解析：此处句意：我们只有做好自己的事情才不会害怕“竞争”。

A项“竞争”；B项“改变，变化”；C项“不同”；D项“无能，伤残”。

故选A项。

B卷
Ⅰ阅读理解
A
Modern science suggests that a healthy lifestyle matters much to how
long you can live and how well you live.Here are some tips for you to form
a healthy lifestyle.
Keep a scientific diet.Keep in mind that sugar can be removed(去除)
from our diet completely.Over intake(摄入量) of sugar is one of the main
reasons for getting fat.Over intake of protein(蛋白质) or fat and low intake
of fiber can also lead to getting fat.Only a few grams of protein do we need every day to keep our body in order.Like rain to crops，not the more the better.
Be always in a good mood.There is a relationship between the mood and health.A good mood keeps you in high spirits.Thanks to the Internet, we can enjoy and learn much without going out.Take a look at some online shops and pick up some bargains, enjoy music and movies and chat with good friends.Just keep happy.
Enough sleep.Two studies show the reasons why teens and adults don’t have enough sleep.With teens，a major reason is mobile phone use; with adults, it’s work.Meanwhile, a third study of young children shows that lack of sleep in early life may lead to serious problems in future.Everyone needs at least 8-hour sleep to recover from tiredness and the hurt caused by hard work in the daytime.
Proper exercise.Do exercise to keep away from fatness.Because of the quick pace of the modern life, you don’t have time to do exercise every day, but at least three times a week and 45 minutes each time.
【解题导语】如今，生活节奏加快。

健康的生活方式对人们越来越重要，那么如何养成健康的生活习惯呢？本文为大家提供了几点建议。

1．The author wrote this passage to ________．
A．tell the readers how to take proper exercise every day
B．provide some advice on how to form a healthy lifestyle
C．ask people to care about their health rather than their work
D．make some surveys among those who have health problems
B解析：写作意图题。

根据第一段中的“Here are some tips for you to form a healthy lifestyle.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为人们提一些养成健康生活方式的建议。

2．The main reason why teenagers don’t have enough sleep is that they ________．
A．use mobile phones too much
B．have too much homework
C．eat too much sugar every day
D．don’t have enough exercise
A解析：细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“With teens，a major reason is mobile phone use”可知答案。

3．How many minutes do you need to do exercise at least every week?
A．45 minutes.B．90 minutes.
C．115 minutes. D．135 minutes.
D解析：数字计算题。

根据文章最后一段可知，作者建议每星期至少锻炼3次，每次45分钟。

故每星期锻炼的时间最少应该是135分钟。

4．We can conclude from the passage that ________．
A．we must take in much sugar for our body’s functioning well
B．the Internet leads to more health problems
C．the least sleep time needed for adults is less than that of teens
D．we need do many things to form a healthy lifestyle
D解析：推理判断题。

根据第二段第二、三句可知A项不正确；文章第三段只说了网络可以让人们保持好心情，并没有说网络的坏处，故B项文中没有信息支持；根据第四段最后一句可知C项错误；文章从饮食、运动、心情和睡眠等多方面来说怎样养成健康的生活习惯，所以我们需要做很多事情才能养成健康的生活习惯，故D项正确。

B
Thousands of years ago people chewed gum in the natural form.The most common ancient chewing gum was tree resin lumps，but people also chewed various sweet grasses, leaves, grains and waxes.Chewing gum has been used in various forms and flavors.
The first commercial chewing gum was made and sold in 1848 by John Bacon Curtis. He called his chewing gum the State of Maine Pure Spruce Gum. John Bacon Curtis and his brother came up with the practical idea of how to make and sell spruce gum as chewing gum.
On July 27, 1869, Amos Tyler received the first patent in the United States for chewing gum.However, Tyler never sold his gum commercially. An Ohio dentist, William Finley Semple was honored for this work using the first patent to manufacture(大量生产) chewing gum since December 1869.
In 1869, Mexican General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna told his idea of chicle(糖胶树胶) to Thomas Adams. Adams tried to make toys, masks, and rain boots out of chicle, but none of his products were commercially successful. Then he simply added flavor to the chicle! That was the first step in creating the world’s first modern chewing gum! The first mass marketed chewing
gum was called Adams New York Chewing Gum. In the 1870s, Adams & Sons sold “Sour Orange”flavored gum as an after-dinner candy. In 1871, Thomas Adams patented a machine for the manufacture of gum. However, all these kinds of gum had one big problem: they could not hold flavor.
The problem with holding flavor was not fixed until 1880, when William White combined sugar and corn syrup with chicle. For better taste he added peppermint extract (薄荷精). He found out that peppermint stayed in the gum during chewing much longer than other flavors.He called his first peppermint flavored gum Yucatan gum.
In 1888, Thomas Adams’chewing gum, Tutti­Frutti, was the first chewing gum that was sold from a vending machine(自动贩卖机)．
【解题导语】本文介绍了“口香糖”的发明和发展历史。

5．Who first patented chewing gum in the United States?
A．John Bacon Curtis.
B．Amos Tyler.
C．William Finley Semple.
D．Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.
B解析：细节理解题。

由第三段中的“On July 27，1869，Amos Tyler received the first patent in the United States for chewing gum.”可知，Amos Tyler最先在美国获得了口香糖专利。

6．Before making chewing gum，Thomas Adams________．
A．knew nothing about chicle
B．had failed in several kinds of business
C．had come up with the idea of using chicle
D．had already made some popular products
B解析：细节理解题。

由第四段中的“Adams tried to make toys, masks, and rain boots out of chicle, but none of his products were commercially successful.”可知，在制作口香糖之前，Thomas Adams制造了几种产品，但都不受市场欢迎。

7．What was William White’s contribution to chewing gum?
A．He added flavor to chewing gum.
B．He made a chewing gum machine.
C．He made chewing gum with chicle.
D．He made chewing gum hold flavor.
D解析：细节理解题。

由倒数第二段可知，William White在口香糖中加了糖、玉米糖。