职称英语答案理工b

职称英语答案理工b
【篇一：2011年全国职称英语理工类b级及答案】第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个
句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.
a hoped
b answered
c admitte
d d reported2 w
e need to extract the relevant financial data.
a store
b save
c review
d obtain
3 mr. henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.
a held
b increased
c expecteddoffered4 the police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.
a choice
b idea
c decision
d reason
5 the high-speed trains can have major impact on our lives
a effort
b problem
c influence
d concern6 his shoes wer
e shined to perfection.
a cleared
b washed
c mende
d d polished7 w
e explored the possibility o
f expansion at the conference.
a offered
b included c
investigatedd accepted
8 the study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.
a continuous
b relative
c general
d sharp
9 anderson left the table， that he had some work to do.
a saying bdoubtingc
thinkingd knowing
10 we have to act within the existing legal framework.
a limit bsystemc procedure d status11 she always finds fault with everything.
a simplifies bevaluates c examinesd criticizes12 the view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.
a magnificent bgeneral c traditional d strong
13 at that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.
a give bunderstand c attachd lose14 they converted the spare bedroom into an office.
a reduced
b moved
c turne
d d reformed15 jan
e said that she couldnt tolerate the long hours.
a spend
b take
c last
d stand
第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如
果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择a；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择b；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择c. lakes, too, feel global warming
theres no doubt: in the last few decades, the average temperature on earth has been higher than its been in hundreds of years. around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming - and trying to figure out what to do about it.
scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world, and they found that lakes are heating up.between 1985 and 2009, satellites recordedthe nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. during those 24 years, the lakes got warmer - by an average of about 0.045 degree celsius per year.
in some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree celsius per year. at that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree celsius, or 1.8 degrees fahrenheit, in just 10 years. that difference may seem small - you might not even notice it in your bathtub. but in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae, and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.
the study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. this is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how the earth is warming. by using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming.the scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.
thats going to be useful, since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change. scientists arent the only ones concerned. everyone who lives on earth is going to be affected by therapidwarming of the planet.many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse gases we put into the air.
thats why the united nations started the framework convention on climate change, or unfccc. every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.
16 scientist have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years.
a right
b wrong
c not mentioned
17 the temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and 2009.
a right
b wrong
c not mentioned
18 lakes seem to be warming faster in asia.
a right
b wrong
c not mentioned
19 a slight temperature increase in a lake could be harmful to fish.
a right
b wrong
c not mentioned
20 scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming.
a right
b wrong
c not mentioned
21 globle warming is less threatening to small countries.
a right
b wrong
c not mentioned
22 unfcccs annual meeting will be held in mexico this year.
a right
b wrong
c not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

the ipad
1 the ipad is a tablet computer (平板电脑) designed and developed by apple. it is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books, periodicals (期刊), movies, music, and games, as well as web content. at about
1.5 pounds (680 grams), its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. apple released the ipad in april 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days.
2 the ipad runs the same operating system as ipod touch and iphone. it can run its own applications as well as ones developed for
iphone. without modification, it will only run programs approved by apple and distributed via its online store.
3 like iphone and ipod touch, the ipad is controlled by a
multitouch display-a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus (触控笔).
the ipad uses a wi-fi data connection to browse (浏览) the internet, load and stream media, and install software. some models also have a 3g wireless data connection which can connect to gsm 3g data networks. the devices is managed and synchronized (同步) by itunes on a personal computer via usb cable.
4 an ipad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. there are lots of
ipad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. one of the most common uses is for e-mail services. ipand applications like markdown mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. they enable the owner to personalize their email accounts.
5 while the ipad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. some companies are adopting ipads in their business offices by distributing or making available ipads to employees. examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. a survey by frost sullivan shows that ipad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employees productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue.
23、 paragraph 2
24、 paragraph 3
25、 paragraph 4
26、 paragraph 5
a online stores
b differences from iphone
c display an
d data connection
d business usage
e features and applications
f operatin
g system
27 in april 2010 the ipad developed by apple was. 28 the ipad will only run programs approved by apple if
29 ipad applications enable the owners email accounts to be.
30 ipad usage in offices enables employee productivity to .
a modified
b increased
c personalized
d browsed
e distributed
f released
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。

第一篇
cell phones: hang up or keep talking?
millions of people are using cell phones today. in many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. in many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. they find that the phones are more than a means of communication-having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
the explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. in england, there has been a serious debate about this issue. mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. they say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
on the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment. in one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. he couldnt remember even simple tasks. he would often forget the name of his own son. this man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. his
family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employers doctor didnt agree.
what is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? the answer is radiation. high-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.
【篇二：历年职称英语理工b真题及答案(2011年-2015
年)】
ss=txt>第一部分：词汇选项
a. pleased
b. powerful
c. brave
d. sensible
a. accept
b. control
c. observe
d. regulate
a. limit
b. fear
c. power
d. fool
a. excuse
b. client
c. destiny
d. refusal
a. hardworking
b. honest
c. objective
d. independent
a. hide
b. handle
c. disclose
d. establish
a. clear
b. share
c. gather
d. spare
a. message
b. punishment
c. guilt
d. obligation
a. flexible
b. terrible
c. reasonable
d. serious
a. poorer than
b. narrower than
c. larger than
d. richer than
a. improved
b. changed
c. worsened
d. developed
a. coexisting
b. fair
c. full
d. pubic
a. requesting
b. planning
c. preparing
d. looking
a. unkind
b. proper
c. normal
d. unclear
a. amount
b. supply
c.sum
d. temp
第二部分：阅读判断
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择a;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择b;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择c.(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)
adhd linked to air pollutants
children have an increased of attention problems,seen as early as grade school.if their noses inhaled(吸入)a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant.thats the finding of a new study.released when things arent burned completely,this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,or pahs.the biggest sources of these pahs： the burning of fossil fuels,wood and trash.
frederica perera works at columbia universitys mailman school of public health is new york city.she researches how exposure to things in the environment affects childrens health in a new study,she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in new york city.because burning tobacco can spew(排放)pahs into the air and lungs,pereras team focused on nonsmokers.the researchers wanted to probe(探查)other sources of pahs,ones thats would have been hard for an individual to avoid.
the team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy.the reason any pahs in a womans blood would also be available to the baby in her womb.nine years later,the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children,now age 9.they asked each childs mother a series of questions.these included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained(长期的)mental effort,such as homework or games with friends.the scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made
frequent,careless mistakes.all of these can be symptoms of a disorder called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,or adhd.about one in u.s.children has adhd.
16.perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over america.
a. right
b. wrong
c. not mentioned
17.the main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to pahs played a role in harming the
subjectsphysical health.
a.right
b.wrong
c.not mentioned
18.nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on pahs was unclear.
a.right
b.wrong
c.not mentioned
19.the blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.
a.right
b.wrong
c.not mentioned
20.kids with adhd commonly fail in school.
a.right
b.wrong
c.not mentioned
21.the women with high levels of pahs in their blood were
more likely to have kids with adhd.
a.right
b.wrong
c.not mentioned
22.traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of pahs for the subjects in the research.
a.right
b.wrong
c.not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个
选项中为指定段落每段选择1个标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的
6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分)
first image-recognitions software
1)dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.
2)the new system,witch was tested on photos and is now
being applied to videos,shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm(运算法则)for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficienti enough to improve large-scale document searches online.the system uses pixel(像素)data in images and potentially video—rather than just text—to locate documents.it learns to recognize the pixels associatedwith a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines.the knowledge gleaned(收集)from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or
captions(图片说明)，making for more accurate document search results.
3)over the last 30 years,says associate professor korenzo torresani,a co-author of the
study,the web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern,massive,fast-growing multimedia datastet,where nearly every page includes multiple pictures of videos.when a person looks at a web page,he immediately get the gist(主旨)of it by looking at the pictures in
it.yet,sruprisingly,all existing popular search engine,such as google or bing,strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of wed pages to perform the document retrieval.our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search
4)the researchers designed and tested a machine vision system—a type of artificialintelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed—that extracts semantic(语义的)information from pixels of photos in web pages.this informationg is used to eich the description of the html page used by search engines for document retrieval.the researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries(查询)on a database of 50 million wed pages.they selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the web pages.they found tht this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.
23. paragraph 1 _____
24. paragraph 2 _____
25. paragraph 3 _____
26. paragraph 4 _____
a. popularity of the new system
b. publication of the new discovery
c. function of the new system
d. artificial intelligence software created
e. problems of the existing search engines
f. improvement in document retrieval
27.the new system does document retrieval by _____.
28.the new system is expected to improve precision in _____.
29.when performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore _____.
30.the new system was found more effective in document search than the _____.
a. information in images
b. current popular search engines
c. using photos
d. machine vision systems
e. document search
f. description of the html page
第四部分：阅读理解
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)
第一篇：why buy shade-grown coffee?
when people argue about whether coffee is good for
health,theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker.is it food for your heart? does it increase blood pressure? does it help you concentrate? however,coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways,too.
traditionally,coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠)of taller indigenous(土生土长的)trees.however,more and more farmers in latin america are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees.at first,this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there arent any trees.with increased production come increased profits.
unfortunately,deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat.native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. furthermore,in the long term,the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee.the fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant,but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die.the chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well,and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.
fortunately,farmers in central and south america are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade.we can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as shade grownand bird friendly.sure,these varieties might cost a little more.but were paying for the health of the birds,the land,ourselves,and the planet.i think its worth it.
31.what is the main idea of this passage?
a. farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.
b. coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.
c. shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.
d. people should buy shade-grown coffe
e.
32.the function of the word traditionallyin paragraph 2 is to show_____.
a. the positive effects of coffee.
b. a change of coffee growth.
c. something that is the most important.
d. how coffee production used to b
e.
33.what does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?
a. more insects.
b. better quality coffee.
c. larger farms.
d. higher profits.
34.how do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?
a. they buy more land from other farmers.
b. they cut down trees.
c. they move to another country.
d. they turn grassland into farmland.
35.the full-sun method may affect the following except_____.
a. insects.
b. air.
c. brids.
d. humans.
【篇三：2014年职称英语理工b真题及答案】
面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分
确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. the majority of people around here are decent. a. real b. honest c. normal d. wealthy 2. the curriculum was too narrow and too rigid. a. hidden b. traditional c. inflexible d. official 3. the committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. a. furnish b. copy c. publish d. summarize 4. afterwards there was just a feeling of let down. a. excitement b. disappointment c. anger d. calm 5. several windows had been smashed. a. cleaned b. replaced c. fixed d. broken 6. the worst agonies of the war were now beginning. a. pains b. parts c. aspects d. results 7. london
quickly became a flourishing port. a. major b. large c. successful d. commercial 8. she felt that she had done her good deed for the day. a. homework b. justicec. model d. act 9. he led a very moral life. a. human b. intelligent c. natural d. honorable 10. his stomach felt hollow with fear. a. sincere b. respectful c. empty d. terrible 11. it was a magic night until the spell was broken. a. time b. charm c. space d. opportunity 12. his professional career spanned 16 years. a. started b. changed c. moved d. lasted 13. they are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system. a. discover b. provec. consider d. imagine 14. his knowledge of french is fair. a. very useful b. very limited c. quite good d. rather special 15. the group does not advocate the use of violence. a. limit b. regulate c. oppose d. support 第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该
句提供的是正确信息，请选择a;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选
择b;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择c。

so many earths the milky way (银河) contains billions of earth-sized planets
that could support life that’s the finding of a new study. it draws on date that came from nasa’s top planet-hunting telescope. a mechanical failure recently put that kepler space telescope out of service. kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. the telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on earth. the authors of a study,published in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass and temperature similar to the sun, may host a planet that could support life as we know it. such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as earth’s, but no more than twice that big . the planet also would have to orbit in a star’s habitable zone. that’s where the
surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid. the new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them. the scientists used those numbers to extrapolate (推算) to the rest of the stars that
the telescope could not see . 2014年职称英语理工类b级考试试题及答案
the estimate is rough, the authors admit. if applied to the solar system, it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the sun as venus and running to as far away as mars. neither planet is earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past). using tighter limits, the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an earth-sized world. these are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit. four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn’t sound like a big number. it would mean, however, that the milky way could host more than a billion earth-sized planets with a change for life. 16. the kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years. a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned 17. the main task of the kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to earth’s. a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned 18. the planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than earth. a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned 19. the earth is planet orbiting in the sun’s habitable zone. a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned 20. the new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars in the milky way. a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned 21. the estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate. a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned 22. this is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life. a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：(1)1-4题要求从所给的4个选项中为段每
段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

climate change : the long reach 1 . earth is warming. sea levels are rising. there ‘s more carbon in the air, and arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. scientists who study the environment to better gauge (评估) .earth’s future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time . 2 . people burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. that burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas . in the air , this gas traps heat at earth’s surface . and the more carbon dioxide released , the more the planet warms . if current consumption of fossil fuels doesn’t slow , the long-term climate impacts
could last thousands of years-and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. climatologist richard zeebe of the university of hawaii at manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper. 3. most climate-change studies look at what’s going to happen in the next century or so . during that time, changes in the planet’s environment could nudge(推动) global warming even higher. for example: snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. but as these melt, sunlight can now reach-- and warm –the exposed ground . this extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. this type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a ‘fast feedback’. 4. zeebe says it’s important to look at fast feedbacks. however, he adds, they’ re limited. fr om a climate change perspective, ‘this century is the most important time for the next few generations’, he told science news “but the world is not ending in 2100”. for his new study. zeebe how focuses on “slow feedbacks”. while fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life --- as they relocate to more comfortable areas --- are two examples of slow feedbacks.
5. zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree celsius (8.1 degree fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. but slow feedbacks added another 1.5 ℃ -- for a 6 total increase, zeebe reports. he also found that slow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn. 23. paragraph 2 ________ 24. paragraph 3 ________ 25. paragraph 4 ________ 2
6. paragraph 5 ________ a. a prediction of future climate change b. impact of burning fossil fuels c. fast feedbacks d. unpredictability of feedback processes e. rising of sea levels f. slow feedbacks 2
7. arctic ice has never been melting so fast in _______ 2
8. melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach ________ 2
9. zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing ________ 30. after fossil fuels are used up, global
warming will continue for ________ a. rapid exaggeration of impacts b. a very long time c. the extra heat d. previously published studies e. the exposed ground f. recorded history 第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇 eye-tracker lots you drag and drop files with a glance bored of using a mouse? soon youll be able to change stuff on your computer screen – and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance. a system called eyedrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. gazing at an object – a photo, say – and then pressing a key, selects that object. it can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly. the beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire, says jayson turner, who developed the system with colleagues at lancaster university, uk. turner believes eyedrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharing photos. a button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the midas touch(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says turner. imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at, he says. christian holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at yahoo labs in sunnyvale, california, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. eyedrop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism, he says. this now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner. while current eye-trackers are rather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. swedish firm tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that
can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. and the google glass headset is。