初一英语名词讲解及练习

初一英语名词讲解及练习
名词
一、名词分类：
名词分为普通名词和专有名词
普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, insect, tiger等；物质名词，如air, snow, bread, rice等；抽象名词，如glory, XXX, failure, XXX等。

专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Cheng Du, China, Obama,China XXX等。

名词的两大考点：数与格
二、名词的数
1.普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词
(1)可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词
△个体名词:表示个体的人或事物名称的词。

如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。

A.单数透露表现“一个”的观点。

用名词的单数时，名词前需加a或an。

如 a book（一本书）、an apple（一个苹果）、an orange （一个橘子）等。

B.复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。

如two pencils（两枝铅笔）、three weeks（三周）等。

△集合名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。

如：people, family, class, furniture复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。

划定规矩名词复数方式的组成
词形复数方式的组成办法则词
cat——cats
book---books
在词尾加-s。

（在清子音后读[s]，在浊子音
大多数名词
及元音后读[z]。

）
dog----dogs
bag——bags
boy--- XXX
以s、x、ch、sh结
在词尾加-es,读作[iz]。

尾的名词XXX
glass——glasses
把y变成i ,加-es,读作[iz]
以辅音字母+y结
尾的名词
city——cities
但专有名词例外，直接在y后加-s,读作Canadian——Canadians
[z]American——Americans
tomato——XXX以子音字母+o结通俗间接加-es,读作[z];
potato——potatoes尾的名词
某些词例外,加-s
以元音字母+o末端
间接加-s,但读作[z]
的名词
有的间接加-s,读作[z]
以f或fe末端的名
词
radio——radios
roof——roofs
leaf——XXX
wife——wives
大多半要将f或fe酿成v,再加-es,读作[z]
XXX
yourself---XXX
不规则名词复数形式的构成
复数形式的构成特点例词
man——menfoot——feet
通过改变词内元音字母
XXX——mice（老鼠）
通过在词尾加-en或-renox——oxen（牛）child——children
a XXX——two XXX
单复数形式相同a deer——two deer（鹿）
a Chinese——two Chinese（中国人）注意事项:
只能用于复数形式的名词有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks
单数名词用于复数含义: people, public, police
非凡名词的讲授：
⑴people作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。

kilo--kilos, piano—pianos, photo——photos
zoo——zoos
作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。

There are five people in my family.我家有五口人。

XXX.
我们国家有56个民族。

⑵clothes等属于无单数方式的复数名词，谓语作复数。

例：XXX.
⑶pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts，scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。

要表示单数常用 a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。

例：Your pants are blue.This pair of pants is XXX.
⑷集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数;指成员时，谓语用复数。

His XXX family.指整体His XXX.指成员⑸有的名词单复数意思不同：
例：hair和fruit通常作单数，表示总体。

XXX.我的头发是玄色的。

I like fruit .It’s good for you.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。

但假如透露表现多少根头发或各类生果，则需用复数方式.
XXX.XXX有三根头发。

She XXX pears, XXX and other fruits.他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。

(2)不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词
△物资名词：透露表现没法分为个别的名词。

如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice△笼统名词：透露表现状况，品格，举措，豪情等笼统观点的名词。

如：health, happiness, help通俗名词专著名词
注意事项：
1.不可数名词没有复数变化,不能与a/an或表示具体数量的词直接连用。

这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little等词。

如; some water/ apple juice/ milk
2.当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数词+量词+Of+名词来表述。

用量词修饰时，首先要注意量词的单复数；然后要注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如：one bag of rice.one kilo of apples.
XXX apples.
★对量词的提问句型
对可数名词的数目发问用how many；对不成数名词的数目发问要用how much，但对不成数名词前透露表现数目名词中的润饰语发问时要用how many。

如：
I would like two apples.→How many a pples would you like?
I want some bread.→How much bread do you want?
I want three glasses of water.→How many glasses of water do you want？询问价格用How much，如: How much is the coat?How much are the coats?
个体名词
小我名词
物资名词
抽象名词
可数名词
不成数名词
XXX.名词的一切格
所有格的构成：1.有生命的名词2.无生命的名词
★有生命的名词
（1）通俗单数名词后加's.
如：my brother's book，Jack's cat，the girl's XXX
（2）以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加‘。

如：the girls’dormitory，a XXX' college
注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加's.如：XXX.
（3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加's，
如：Tom and Peter's room汤姆和XXX的房间（共有）
（4）假如一样工具不是共有的，两个名词都要加's.
如：XXX's and Peter's rooms汤姆的房间和XXX的房间（不共有）★无生命名词:无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。

如：the windows of the room（房间的窗户）a picture of the horse（一张马的照片）
名词题
一．写出下列名词的复数形式：
1. house _________
2. it ___________
3. zoo __________
4. orange _________
5. bag ___________
6. exercise ___________
7. brush __________
8. family ___________
9. bus ___________10. city __________11. box ___________12. baby __________13.
class __________14. factory _________15. glass __________16. dictionary __________17. watch _________18. woman _________19. match __________20. man _________21. this__________22. German __________23. tomato _________24. policeman ___________25. kilo __________26. human _________27. potato ___________28. Chinese __________29. shelf __________30. Japanese __________31. leaf ___________32. American __________33. life ___________34. tooth __________35. wife ___________
37. knife __________38. sheep __________
40. child __________41.tooth __________
二．选择填空：
1. I want to buy ________.
A. two bottles of XXX ink
bottles of inks
2. They don’t have to do _______ today.
A.XXX
much homeworks
3. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture.
A. cows, XXX, XXX
cow, XXX
4. June 1 is _______.
A. children’s day
B. children’s Day
Children’s day
5. ______ room is nex t to their parents’.
A. Kate’s and Joan’s
B. Kate’s and Joan
Kate and Joan
6. Miss Green is a friend of _______.
A. XXX’XXX
XXX
7. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ also white.
A.is,are
B.are,is
are, are
8. I’d like to have a glass of milk and _______.
A. two breads
C. two pieces of bread
9. Many ______ XXX.
36. foot ___________
39. half ___________
42.mouth__________
C. two bottle of inks
C.XXX
C. cow, XXX
C. Children’s Day
C. Kate and Joan’s
C. XXX’s
C.is,is
B. two pieces of breads
D. two piece of bread
D. two
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
XXX
10. XXX _______.
A. two pairs of shoes
B. two pair of shoes
C. two pairs of shoe
D. two pair of shoe11. Mr. White has three _______.
A.XXX childrens
12. ---Are these ______? --- No, theyaren’t. They’re _______.
A.XXX,XXX,cowC.sheeps,cowD.sheeps, cows
13. There are many ______ in the fridge.
A.XXX
14. --- Whose room is this? ---It’s _______.
A.XXX’
15. Here are ______ for you, Sue.
A.XXX
16. Here are some birthday cards with our best ______ for her.
A.XXX
17. I always go to that ______ to buy food on Sunday.
A.XXX XXX
18. ______ room is on the 5th floor.
A. Lucy and Lily
B. Lucy and Lily’s
C. Lucy’s and Lily
D. Lucy’sand Lily’s
19. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ________.
A.XXX
XXX
20. 10. The cat caught two ______ XXX
21. I met some ______ in the park and talked with them the other day.
A.XXX
22. There are two ______ in the room.
A. XXX
23. There are seven ______ in a week.
A. XXX.minutes
24. My father is a ______. He works in a hospital.
A. XXX
25. --- Excuse me, are you ______? ---Yes, I’m from ________.
A. Japan, XXX. China, XXX, EnglishD. American,America
26. XXX ______jackets.A. Lucy’ sB. Lucy’27. What color is ______ coat.A. Peter’sB. Peter’
28. These are ______ XXX ______ ice XXX’B. children’s
30. This is ______ bag.A. Tom an d Peter’B.Tom’s and Peter’s31. Where are ______ .A. the school’XXX ______ bags.A. drivers’sB. drivers’
33.This bag is ______ .A.Mary’s and Tom’sB.Mary and Tom’s34.______XXX and Kate’s
35.How ____ are these books?A. manyB. much
36. This pair of pants ______ blue. I like _____ very much.A. is, itB. are, them C. is, themD. are, it
37.How ______ glasses of water do you want?A. manyB. much
38. This is ________.
A. Mike and Jim's bike
B. Mike's and Jim bike
C. Mike's and Jim's bike
D. Mike and Jimbike
XXX ______.
A. XXX
C. Amy’XXX
40. My ____ ____ big and my _____ _____ happy.A. family is
isfamilies are
三．根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I have a lot of ______ to do. (homework)
2. There are seven ______ in a week. (day)
3. How many _____ can you see? (tomato)
4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of _______. (glass)
5. There are five _________ in the picture. (child )
6. There are two________ over there．（bench）
7. I like taking ________．（photo）
8. l can see two__________ XXX．（woman）
9. There are two baskets of__________ on the floor．（apple）
10.There are three__________．（knife）
11. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
12. There is some________(food) in the basket.
13. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
14. There is a lot of________(water) XXX.
15. There are five________(people ) in his family.
16. Let's take________(photo), OK?
17. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
XXX________(child) XXX.
19. Their________(dictionary) are very new.
20. I see you have a few white________(hair).
21. They are________(woman) doctors.
22. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?
23. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
24. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty. 四．将下列句子变成复数形式
1．This is a knife. ____________________________
2．That XXX. ____________________________
3．She has a wish. ____________________________
4．That child is very lovely. ____________________________
5. He is looking after the baby.____________________________
6. It’s a big heavy box. __________________________________
7. This picture is nice.____________________________________
8. She is a beautiful woman._______________________________
9. I’m a good child.___________________________________
10. That’s a delicious peach._________________________________。