1999年英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案
1999年英语专业四级真题试卷及其参考答案
1999年英语专业四级真题试卷及其参考答案Part ⅥREADING COMPREHENSION [30 MIN.]SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN.]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer. Mark your choice on your answer sheet.TEXT ASurprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are jus t not kept. We know that more than 850.000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter has only a part-time teacher. The special children’s hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher—and that contact may be as little as two hour s a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If the re was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and m maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to e ase the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interview ed.66．The author points out at the beginning that___.A. every child in hospital receives some teachingB. not enough is known about hospital teachingC. hospital teaching is of poor qualityD. the special children’s hospitals are worst off67. It can be inferred from the latest survey that___.A. hospital teaching across the country is similarB. each hospital has at least one part-time teacherC. all hospitals surveyed offer education to childrenD. only one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers68. Children in hospital usual1y turn to___in order to catch up with their school work.A. hospital teachersB. schoolmatesC. parentsD. school teachers69. We can conclude from the passage that the author is___.A. unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospitalsB. in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitalsC. unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teachingD. satisfied with the results of the latest surveyTEXT BComputer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-l iterate”, in other words, to learn to understand computers and what makes them tick. Not all experts agree, however, that is a good idea.One pioneer, in particular. who disagrees is David Tibbett, the founder of Computer town UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people e closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computer own UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to the people and make them “people-literate”.David first got the idea when he visited one of America’s best-known computer “guru” figure, Bob Albrecht，in the small university town of Palo Alto in Northern California. Albrecht had started a project called Computer town USA in the local library, and the local children used to call round every Wednesday to borrow some time on the computers there, instead of borrowing library books. Albrecht was always on hand to answer any questions and to help the children discover about computers in their own way.Over here, in Britain, Computer towns have taken off in a big way，and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tibbett thinks they are most successful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important difference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater f or the enthusiasts, with some computer knowledge already, who get together arid eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, who a re happier going to Computer towns where there are computers available for them t o experiment on, with experts available to encourage them and answer any questions; they are not told what to do, they find out.David Tibbett finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working side by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people really want to know. In some Computer towns there are question sessions, rather like radio phone-ins, where the experts listen to a lot of questions and then try to work out some structure to answer them. People are not having to learn computer jargons, but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily understood terms; the computers are becoming “{people-literate”.70. According to David Tibbett, the purpose of Computer town UK is to__A. train people to understand how computers workB. make more computers available to peopleC. enable more people to fix computers themselvesD. help people find out more about computers71. We learn from the passage that Computer town USA was a ___.A. townB. projectC. libraryD. school72. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Computer towns in the UK have become popular.B. Compute rtowns and clubs cater for different people.C. Computer towns are more successful than clubs.D. It’s better that computer towns and clubs work toge ther.73. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computer towns?A. Experts give lectures and talks on computers.B. Experts are on hand to answer people’s questions.C. People are left to discover computers on their own.D. There are computers around for people to practice on.TEXT CThere must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided a s on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can leave the body to regulate these matters for itself. “The answer is easy,” says Dr. A. Burton. “With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings.” If he is right many people must be under sleeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people have a greater I inertia than others. This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they a re reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue.Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To quote one medical opinion, thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they can’t sleep. Like a advancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a point in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue. Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asserts: “It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the ma jurist sleep too much.” One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity t o retards our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to work and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span i s to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the van n of this advance.74.The author seems to indicate that___.A. there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleepB. among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversialC. people are now moving towards solving many controversial issuesD. the right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctors75. The author disagrees with Dr. Burton because___.A. few people can wake up feeling fresh and alertB. some people still feel tired with enough sleepC. some people still feel sleepy with enough sleepD. some people go to bed very late at night76. In the last paragraph the author points out that___.A. sleeping less is good for human developmentB. people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than beforeC. it is incorrect to say that people sleep too littleD. those who can sleep less should be encouraged77. We learn from the passage that the author___.A. comments on three different opinionsB. favours one of the three opinionsC. explains an opinion of his ownD. revises someone else’s opinionTEXT DMigration is usually defined as “permanent or semi permanent change of residence. ” This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or across a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal migration within nations, although such movements often exceed international movements in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants. Students of human migration speakof “push” and “pull” factors, which influence an individual’s decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job. oras traumatic as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influence their choice of destination).Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic，such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the United States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential de stagnations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such ash e presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerations of this sort cad to the development of migration flow.Besides push and pull actors, there are what the sociologists call “intervening obstacles” Even if push and(or) pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problem s likely to be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also inf luenced by “personal factors” of the potential migrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing u p everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another.Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete w ith them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.78. The author thinks that pull factors___.A. are all related to economic considerationsB. are not as decisive as push factorsC. include a range of considerationsD. are more important than push factors79. Peop le’s decisions to migrate might be influenced by all the following EXC EPT___.A. personalities.B. education.C. marital status.D. abilities.80. The purpose of the passage is to discuss___.A. the problems of international migrantsB. the motives of international migrantsC. migration inside the countryD. migration between countriesSECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING [5 min]In this section there are seven passages with a total often multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT EFirst read the following question.81. This is a letter of___.A. inquiryB. complaintC. explanationD. introductionNow, go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 81.Flat 24Park MansionsNewbury RoadThe ManagerReliable Motors Ltd.876 Meadow Street 14th May 2002Dear Sir,I am writing to you concerning the Bernster Special 150 SE that I bought from you two weeks ago. The car has now developed the following faults:1.The steering wheel is loose.2.The hand brake does not work.3.Oil is leaking from the engine.4.The driver’s door-does not close properly.Will you please telephone me and we can arrange for you to collect the car. Unless you can put the car in perfect working order, 1 am afraid I shall report your company to the Consumers’ Association.Yours faithfully,Tony LockwoodTEXT FFirst read the following question.82. The passage is mainly about___.A. Christmas salesB. retailing businessC. Internet populationD. online shoppingNow, go through TEXT F quickly and answer question 82.Online shopping (网上购物) has become a major force in retailing this year with more than US$1 billion in Christmas season sales, industry analysts say. The figure for the holiday tops the total for Internet shopping in all of 1996.Online shopping for the holiday season remained just a drop in the ocean of the estimated US$450 billion spent by US consumers. But the figure is growing rapidly. International Data Corporation, a market research group, predicts the World Wide Web (万维网) population will reach almost 100 million by 1998 and that online commerce will grow to more than US$20 billion.TEXT GFirst read the following question83. The passage discusses the aim of___.A. the organizationB. blood centers in the USAC. FDA new rulesD. AIDS preventionNow, go through TEXT G quick and answer question 83.The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is taking steps to protect the country’s blood su pply. People give blood to the centers, where it is kept until it is needed for medical purposes. The FDA has provided new rules for the blood centers. The government agency says new rules are designed to improve the blood supply system. The new rules call for blood centers to develop more ways to make sure their work is done correctly. These rules are another way to help keep the blood supply pure. A leading concern is that someone with AIDS virus might give blood to a blood centre. For this reason, there are tests to find out if blood contains viruses that cause AIDS and other diseasesTEXT HFirst read the following question.84. The passage advertises overseas___.A. jobsB. studiesC. travelD. aidNow, go through TEXT H quickly and answer question 84.NEW HORIZONSAre you looking for something interesting to do? Then why not work abroad for a year or two?We have jobs in most parts of the world —including Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia. We have jobs for teachers, doctors, nurses, engineers, car mechanics and many others. Why not see the world? We cannot offer you very much money, but the work is interesting. You can learn another language and work with people, too. For more information write to us at:NEW HORIZONS JOB CENTER,110 Spring Gardens,London SW! 7BCPlease send your personal information (date of birth, educational qualifications , interests. experiences, etc.)TEXT IFirst read the following questions.85. Which number would you dial for home nursing?A. 0734 442456B. 0734 442675C. 08675 559478D. 08675 56449986. Blood donors are advised to contact___.A. Berkshire county officeB. St. John AmbulanceC. John Radcliffe HospitalD. Royal Berkshire HospitalNow, go through TEXT I quickly and answer questions 85 and 86.HEALTHAMBULANCE SERVICEIn All Emergencies Dial 999St John Ambulance:Berkshire County Office-ST John Centre Church Rd, Woodley. Reading, RG5 4QN.0734 442456.For details of first aid at work unit contact 0734 442675.Oxfordshire-St John House High St, Kidlington, Oxford. 0X5 2DN 08675 559478: Association; 08675 564499 Brigade, ambulance, home nursing, loan of medical equipment and first aid at work unit.BLOOD DONORSFor information contact-Oxford Regional Blood Transfusion Service: John Radcliffe Hospital Headley Way,Headington, Oxford, 0X3 9DU 0865 642831HOSPITALSRoyal Berkshire Hospital: London Rd. Reading, RGI SAN. 0734 875111. ( Accident and emergency patients to South Wing).TEXT JFirst read the following questions.87. If you leave for Hong Kong on March l6th, you pay___.A. $799B. $849C. $829D. $96988. What is NOT included in the price?A. Local dept tax.B.Return flights.C. Transfers.D. Accommodation.Now, go through TEXT J quickly and answer questions 87 and 88.SPECIAL OFFERfrom $799HONG KONGEnjoy 5 nights in Hong Kong from $799New World Harbour View: Superior 1St class hotel in good location on Hong Kong Island.Superb swimming pool, tennis courts, restaurants, bars. Rooms with harbour view andAirconditioning, tea/coffee making facilities, minibar. TV, bath and shower.Departure dates: Price:02,10 Mar $79909,16 Mar $84917 Mar $82915 Apr $96927 Apr, 04, 18 May $999The price includes: Return flights. 5 nts accom (no meals). Transfers. Prices are per person sharing a twin room.Not included: UK dept tax. Local dept tax. Optional insurance: $30.To book, telephone: (open daily inc Sat/Sun)Tel: 01306 774300Fax: 01306 740328TEXT KFirst read the following questions.89. On hearing the fire alarm, those in class should go to___.A. BlockB. BlockC. BlockD. the Assembly Area90. What should you do during the fire alarm?A. Make use of the lift.B. Collect personal things.C. Move along without noise.D. Overtake others on the way.Now, go through TEXT K quickly and answer questions 89 and 90.FIRE INSTRUCTIONSTHE PERSON DISCOVERING A FIRE WILL:1. OPERATE THE NEAREST FIRE ALARM.2. ATTACK THE FIRE WITH AVAILABLE EQUIPMENT, IF IT IS SAFE TO DO SO.FIRE ALARM BELLSThe Fire Alarm Bells will ring either in the area of A Block or in the area of BBlock and C Block. Those in the area where the Alarm Bells are ringing should take action as indicated below. Others should continue with their work.ON HEARING YOUR FIRE ALARM:1. Those in class: will go to the Assembly Area under instructions given by the teacher.2. Those elsewhere: will go to the Assembly Area by the most sensible route, and stay near the Head of their Department.ASSEMBLY AREAThe Assembly Area is the playing field which is south of the Sports Hall. Here n ames will be checked.PROCEDURE1.Move quietly.2.Do NOT stop to collect your personal belongings.3.Do NOT attempt to pass others on your way to the Assembly Area.4.Do NOT use the lift.FIRE ALARMSFire Alarms are situated as follows:1.A BlockAt the Reception Desk; at east end of connecting corridor; outside the kitchen door.2.B BlockAt the bottom of both stairways and on each landing.3.C BlockInside entrance lobby of Sports Hall.TIME LIMIT: 140 MIN.Part ⅠWRITING [45 MIN.]SECTION A COMPOSITIONIt is now generally accepted that vehicles (cars, trucks, etc.) are a major source of air pollution in cities. You are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:ONE WAY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMYou are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state what your suggested way is.In the second paragraph, state one or two advantages of your suggestion on.In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion Marks will he awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING [10 MIN.]Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:You are Mark or Sally. You have got a ticket to a computer fair, but you now find that you are unable to go. Write a note to your friend, George, explaining why you are sending the enclosed ticket to him and telling him briefly how to get there. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.参考答案TEXT A短文大意：这篇文章通过一次调查，反映了当孩子们生病住院时，医院里的教学问题。
1999年英语专业四级考试全真试卷(5)
1999年英语专业四级考试全真试卷(5)阅读BSECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ［5 min］In this section there are seven passages with a total often multiple-choice questions.Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT EFirst read the following question.81.This is a letter of___.A.inquiryplaintC.explanation D introductionNow, go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 81.Flat 24Park MansionsNewbury RoadThe ManagerReliable Motors Ltd.876 Meadow Street 14th May 2002Dear Sir,I am writing to you concerning the Bernster Special 150 SE that I bought from yo u two weeks ago.The car has now developed the following faults:1.The steering wheel is loose.2.The hand brake does not work.3.Oil is leaking from the engine.4.The driver’s door-does not close properly.Will you please telephone me and we can arrange for you to collect the car.Unle ss you can put the car in perfect working order, 1 am afraid I shall report your company to the Consumers’ Association.Yours faithfully,Tony LockwoodTEXT FFirst read the following question.82.The passage is mainly about___.A.Christmas salesB.retailing businessC.Internet populationD.online shoppingNow, go through TEXT F quickly and answer question 82.Online shopping （网上购物）has become a major force in retailing this year with more than US$1 billion in Christmas season sales, industry analysts say.The figure for the holiday tops the total for Internet shopping in all of 1996.Online shopping for the holiday season remained just a drop in the ocean of the estimated US$450 bilion spent by US consumers.But the figure is growing rapidly.International Data Corporation, a market research group, predicts the World Wide Web （万维网）population will reach almost 100 million by 1998 and that online c ommerce will grow tomore than US$20 billion.TEXT GFirst read the following question83.The passage discusses the aim of___.A.the organizationB.blood centres in the USAC.FDA new rulesD.AIDS preventionNow, go through TEXT G quick and answer question 83.The US Food and Drug Administration （FDA）is taking steps to protect the country’s blood supply.People give blood to the centres, where it is kept until it is needed for medical purposes. The FDA has provided new rules for the blood centres.The government agency says new rules are designed to improve the blood supply system. The new rules call for blood centres to develop more ways to make sure their wor k is done correctly.These rules are another way to help keep the blood supply pure.A leading concer n is that someone with AIDS virus might give blood to a blood centre.For this r eason, there are tests to find out if blood contains viruses that cause AIDS and other diseases.TEXT HFirst read the following question.84.The passage advertises overseas___.A.jobsB.studiesC.travelD.aidNow, go through TEXT H quickly and answer question 84.NEW HORIZONSAre you looking for something interesting to do? Then why not work abroad for a year or two? We have jobs in most parts of the world —including Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia.We have jobs for teachers, doctors, nurses, engineers, car mechanics and many ot hers. Why not see the world? We cannot offer you very much money, but the work is interesting.You can learn another language and work with people, too.For more information write to us at:NEW HORIZONS JOB CENTER,110 Spring Gardens,London SW ! 7BCPlease send your personal information （date of birth, educational qualifications , interests.experiences, etc.）TEXT IFirst read the following questions.85.Which number would you dial for home nursing?A.0734 442456B.0734 442675C.08675 559478D.08675 56449986.Blood donors are advised to contact___.A.Berkshire county officeB.St.John AmbulanceC.John Radcliffe HospitalD.Royal Berkshire HospitalNow, go through TEXT I quickly and answer questions 85 and86.HEALTHAMBULANCE SERVICEIn All Emergencies Dial 999St John Ambulance:Berkshire County Office - ST John Centre Church Rd, Woodley.Reading, RG5 4QN.0734 442456.For details of first aid at work unit contact 0734 442675.Oxfordshire - St John House High St, Kidlington, Oxford.0X5 2DN 08675 559478: Association; 08675 564499 Brigade, ambulance, home nursing, loan of medical equipment and first aid at work unit.BLOOD DONORSFor information contact-Oxford Regional Blood Transfusion Service: John Radcliffe Hospital Headley Way,Headington, Oxford, 0X3 9DU 0865 642831 HOSPITALSRoyal Berkshire Hospital: London Rd.Reading, RGI SAN.0734 875111.（Accident and emergency patients to South Wing）.TEXT JFirst read the following questions.87.If you leave for Hong Kong on March l6th, you pay___.A.$799B.$849C.$829D.$96988.What is NOT included in the price?A.Local dept tax.B.Return flights.C.Transfers.D.Accommodation.Now, go through TEXT J quickly and answer questions 87 and 88.SPECIAL OFFERfrom $799HONG KONGEnjoy 5 nights in Hong Kong from $799New World Harbour View: Superior 1St class hotel in good location on Hong Kong Island.Superb swimming pool, tennis courts, restaurants, bars.Rooms with harbour view andAirconditioning, tea/coffee making facilities, , bath and shower.Departure dates: Price:02,10 Mar $79909,16 Mar $84917 Mar $82915 Apr $96927 Apr, 04, 18 May $999The price includes: Return flights.5 nts accom （nomeals）.Transfers.Prices are per person sharing a twin room.Not included: UK dept tax.Local dept tax.Optional insurance: $30.To book, telephone: （open daily inc Sat/Sun）Tel: 01306 774300Fax: 01306 740328TEXT KFirst read the following questions.89.On hearing the fire alarm, those in class should go to___.A.A BlockB.B BlockC.C BlockD.the Assembly Area90.What should you do during the fire alarm?A.Make use of the lift.B.Collect personal things.C.Move along without noise.D.Overtake others on the way.Now, go through TEXT K quickly and answer questions 89 and 90.FIRE INSTRUCTIONSTHE PERSON DISCOVERING A FIRE WILL:1.OPERATE THE NEAREST FIRE ALARM.2.ATTACK THE FIRE WITH A V AILABLE EQUIPMENT, IF IT IS SAFE TO DO SO.FIRE ALARM BELLSThe Fire Alarm Bells will ring either in the area of A Block or in the area of BBlock and C Block.Those in the area where the Alarm Bells are ringing should t ake action as indicated below. Others should continue with their work.ON HEARING YOUR FIRE ALARM:1.Those in class: will go to the Assembly Area under instructions given by the teacher.2.Those elsewhere: will go to the Assembly Area by the most sensible route, and stay near the Head of their Department.ASSEMBLY AREAThe Assembly Area is the playing field which is south of the Sports Hall.Here n ames will be checked.PROCEDURE1 .Move quietly.2.Do NOT stop to collect your personal belongings.3.Do NOT attempt to pass others on your way to the Assembly Area.4.Do NOT use the lift.FIRE ALARMSFire Alarms are situated as follows:1.A BlockAt the Reception Desk; at east end of connecting corridor; outside the kitchen d oor.2.B BlockAt the bottom of both stairways and on each landing.3.C BlockInside entrance lobby of Sports Hall.。
1999年全国英语专业四级试题及答案(1)
1999年全国英语专业四级试题及答案(1)Part Ⅵ READING COMPREHENSION ［30 MIN.］SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN.］In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one th at you think is the correct answer. Mark your choice on your answer sheet.TEXT ASurprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are jus t not kept. We know that more than 850.000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The special children’s hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off.From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher-and that contact may be as little as two hour s a day.Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If the re was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and m aintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is of ten all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summ ed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school w ork. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to e ase the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interview ed.66．The author points out at the beginning that___.A. every child in hospital receives some teachingB. not enough is known about hospital teachingC. hospital teaching is of poor qualityD. the special children’s hospitals are worst off。
1999年英语专业四级考试全真试题答案
1999年英语专业四级考试全真试题答案PART ⅡDICTATIONUnited Nations DayThe 24th of October is celebrated as United Nations Day. h is a day that belongs to everyone. And it is celebrated in most countries of the world. Some countries celebrate for a week instead of a day.In many parts of the world, schools have special programs for the day. Boys and girls in some communities decorate a UN tree. In other communities, young people put on plays about the UN. Some libraries exhibit children’s art works f rom around the world. Schools celebrate with the songs and dances of other countries or give parties where foods of other countries are served. No matter how the day is celebrated, the purpose of these celebrations is to help everyone understand the UN, and the important roles it plays in world affairs. The UN encourages people to learn about other lands and their customs. In this way, people can gain a better understanding and appreciation of peoples all over the world.PART ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A STA TEMENT1. During this morning’s test, I couldn’t do the last four questions, but I did the first five.2. According to Jane there is no better cheese than Swiss cheese in our local supermarket.3. Before going to the gas station to have his tank filled, John had his emergency brake checked and fixed at the service station near the local cinema.4. Betty would rather that her husband didn’t send away the cleaning lady, but he will anyway.5. Fred would have paid twice as much as he did for his car if the salesman had insisted, as he really needed a car.6. The idea of permanent education is practical because people are never really too old to go on learning. Of course there are certain limits but these are not age limits.7. It is getting much easier to travel nowadays, but increasingly harder to get away from people, and that is perhaps the most difficult thing for holiday makers.8. According to Tom, William lost his job not because he was always sick and usually went to work late, but because he made a big error in last month’s accounting and the boss was angry withhim.SECTION B CONVERSA TION9. W: Do you know that Mark turned down that job offer by a travel agency?M: Yeah, the hours were convenient, but he wouldn’t have been able to make ends meet.10. W: Can we eat somewhere else? V ery few small restaurants like this serve good food.M: I know, but there isn’t anywhere else in this town. Look! The waiter is coming over for our order.11. W: Mary is fluent in English and she’s just started to learn Japanese.M：I hear she also knows a few words in Chinese and French.12. M: John must have been joking when he said that he was going to live in Boston.W: Don’t be so sure. He told me that he was looking for an agent to sell his house.13. W: Excuse me, I wonder if the bus would come at all. It’s already 10:45.M: Oh, I’m afraid you’ve just missed the last one which left 5 minutes ago.14. W: Hi, John, haven’t seen you for a quite few days. I heard you’ve been sick. How are you feeling now?M: They must confuse me with my brother, Jack. Anyway, he is feeling better now.15. W: After the way it is being used, the photocopier is not going to make it through the rest of the year.M: The year! It’s supposed to be good for four!16. W: Look at all those cars and trucks lined up for the ferry. There must be at least 40 ahead of ours.M: True, I think it will take quite a while for us to be on board.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item One (17-18)Haitian hunger strikers at the US labor base at Guantannamo Bay, Cuba, have begun refusing all fluids and medical treatments. 15 of the 267 Haitians are at the base. 7 are prepared to die, if necessary, to force the US to admit the rest of them. The Haitians are eligible to pursue political asylum in the US, but have been barred from entry because most have the AIDS virus. The Clinton Administration says they would lift the ban on their entry, but it is not known when.News Item Two (19)The top three US auto-makers have decided not to proceed with plans to file a trade complaint with Japanese auto-makers. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler had planned to accuse Japanese companies of dumping cars below market prices in the US, but they dropped the idea, citing a pledge by the Clinton Administration to address the US-Japan trade imbalance.News Item Three (20-21)About 100 people are now known have died in what has been described as “the worst storm” ever to hit the eastern US this century. The hurricane-force winds first struck the Gulf of Mexico and have now spread across the Canadian border, continuing to bring reckless snowfalls, severe flooding, and causing millions of dollars in damage. All major airports have now reopened and airlines are beginning to cope with a backlog of thousands of stranded passengers. The storm also paralyzed areas of Cuba, where several people were killed, and property and crops destroyed.News Item Four (22)France has carried out another underground nuclear test in the South Pacific. It is the fifth in the region since September. The test was conducted at the Moruroa atoll on Wednesday. Paris has come under strong criticism for its nuclear testing programme, especially from Asia-Pacific countries. A State Department spokeswoman in Washington expressed disappointment at the latest French test. France has promised to sign a global test ban treaty after it completes its current series of nuclear tests in the Pacific.News Item Five (23)The association representing British airline pilots says that there is an urgent need to raise levels of air safety throughout the world. In the statement,the association, known as Bobo, warns that unless air safety improves travelers face a perilous future. The association also said that the standard of training must be raised among fly crews and air traffic controllers as the sky has become ever more crowded.News Item Six (24-25)The Western European Union, the defense organization linking most countries of the European Community, is meeting in Luxembourg to discuss ways to reinforce economic sanctions against the Serbs by tightening controls on the River Danube. It is expected to approve of a proposal tosend patrol boats manned by armed police and customs officers with power to search and turn back ships suspected of breaking the sanctions.International efforts to isolate Serbia have been undermined by ships carrying oil and other illegal supplies from the Black Sea region along the Danube into the former Yugoslavia after ignoring attempts by the local authorities to stop them. It is reported that most of the illegal traffic of goods is believed to be arriving in Serbia over land from Greece and former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonian.PART ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A STA TEMENT1．答案：C【问句译文】讲话者考试做得怎样？【试题分析】本题为细节题。
1999年全国英语专业四级试题及答案(4)
1999年全国英语专业四级试题及答案(4)TEXT DMigration is usually defined as “permanent or semipermanent change of residence. “ This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or ac ross a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal mig ration within nations, although such movements often exceed international moveme nts in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very si milar to those of international migrants.Students of human migration speak of “push” and “pull” factors, which influence an individual’s decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are ass ociated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matt er as difficulty in finding a suitable job. or as traumatic as war, or severe fa mine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influen ce their choice of destination).Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often thes e are economic，such as better job opportunities or the availability of good lan d to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the Unit ed States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparen tly better chance for a good life andmaterial well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential de stinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as th e presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already establis hed in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerat ions of this sort cad to the development of migration flow.Besides push and pull actors, there are what the sociologists call “intervening obstacles” Even if push and(or) pull factors are very strong they still may be ou tweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problem s likely to be encountered on arrival.The decision to move is also influenced by “personal factors” of the potential m igrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on differen t people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing u p everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to lear n a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another. Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes confl ict. The United States and other western countrieshave experienced adjustment p roblems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete w ith them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.78. The author thinks that pull factors___.A. are all related to economic considerationsB. are not as decisive as push factorsC. include a range of considerationsD. are more important than push factors79. People’s decisions to migrate might be influen ced by all the follow ing EXC EPT___.A. personalities.B. education.C. marital status.D. abilities.80. The purpose of the passage is to discuss___.A. the problems of international migrantsB. the motives of international migrantsC. migration inside the countryD. migration between countries。
1999年度全国英语专业四级试题及答案(3)
1999年度全国英语专业四级试题及答案(3) SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ［5 min］In this section there are seven passages with a total often multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT EFirst read the following question.81. This is a letter of___.A. inquiryB. complaintC.explanation D introductionNow, go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 81.Flat 24Park MansionsNewbury RoadThe ManagerReliable Motors Ltd.876 Meadow Street 14th May 2002Dear Sir,I am writing to you concerning the Bernster Special 150 SE that I bought from yo u two weeks ago. The car has now developed the following faults:1. The steering wheel is loose.2. The hand brake does not work.3. Oil is leaking from the engine.4. The driver’s door-does not close properly.Will you please telephone me and we can arrange for you to collect the car. Unle ss you can put the car in perfect working order, 1 am afraid I shall report your company to the Consumers’ Association.Yours faithfully,Tony LockwoodTEXT FFirst read the following question.82. The passage is mainly about___.A. Christmas salesB. retailing businessC. Internet populationD. online shoppingNow, go through TEXT F quickly and answer question 82.Online shopping (网上购物) has become a major force in retailing this year with more than US$1 billion in Christmas season sales, industry analysts say.The figure for the holiday tops the total for Internet shopping in all of 1996. Online shopping for the holiday season remained just a drop in the ocean of the estimated US$450 bilion spent by US consumers. But the figure is growing rapidly.International Data Corporation, a market research group, predicts the World Wide Web (万维网) population will reach almost 100 million by 1998 and that online c ommerce will grow to more than US$20 billion.TEXT GFirst read the following question83. The passage discusses the aim of___.A. the organizationB. blood centres in the USAC. FDA new rulesD. AIDS preventionNow, go through TEXT G quick and answer question 83.The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is taking steps to protect the country’s blood supply. People give blood to the centres, where it is kept until it is needed for medical purposes. The FDA has provided new rules for the blood centres. The government agency says new rules are designed to improve the blood supply system. The new rules call for blood centres to develop more ways to make sure their wor k is done correctly.These rules are another way to help keep the blood supply pure. A leading concer n is that someone with AIDS virus might give blood to a blood centre. For this r eason, there are tests to find out if blood contains viruses that cause AIDS and other diseases.TEXT HFirst read the following question.84. The passage advertises overseas___.A. jobsB. studiesC. travelD. aidNow, go through TEXT H quickly and answer question 84.NEW HORIZONSAre you looking for something interesting to do? Then why not work abroad for a year or two? We have jobs in most parts of the world -including Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia.We have jobs for teachers, doctors, nurses, engineers, car mechanics and many ot hers. Why not see the world? We cannot offer you very much money, but the work is interesting. You can learn another language and work with people, too.For more information write to us at:NEW HORIZONS JOB CENTER,110 Spring Gardens,London SW ! 7BCPlease send your personal information (date of birth, educational qualifications , interests. experiences, etc.)TEXT IFirst read the following questions.85. Which number would you dial for home nursing?A. 0734 442456B. 0734 442675C. 08675 559478D. 08675 56449986. Blood donors are advised to contact___.A. Berkshire county officeB. St. John AmbulanceC. John Radcliffe HospitalD. Royal Berkshire HospitalNow, go through TEXT I quickly and answer questions 85 and 86.HEALTHAMBULANCE SERVICEIn All Emergencies Dial 999St John Ambulance:Berkshire County Office - ST John Centre Church Rd, Woodley. Reading, RG5 4QN.0734 442456.For details of first aid at work unit contact 0734 442675.Oxfordshire - St John House High St, Kidlington, Oxford. 0X5 2DN 08675 559478: Association; 08675 564499 Brigade, ambulance, home nursing, loan of medical equipment and first aid at work unit.BLOOD DONORSFor information contact-Oxford Regional Blood Transfusion Service: John Radcliffe Hospital Headley Way,Headington, Oxford, 0X3 9DU 0865 642831 HOSPITALSRoyal Berkshire Hospital: London Rd. Reading, RGI SAN. 0734 875111. ( Accident and emergency patients to South Wing).TEXT JFirst read the following questions.87. If you leave for Hong Kong on March l6th, you pay___.A. $799B. $849C. $829D. $96988. What is NOT included in the price?A. Local dept tax.B. Return flights.C. Transfers.D. Accommodation.Now, go through TEXT J quickly and answer questions 87 and 88.SPECIAL OFFERfrom $799HONG KONGEnjoy 5 nights in Hong Kong from $799New World Harbour View: Superior 1St class hotel in good location on Hong Kong Island.Superb swimming pool, tennis courts, restaurants, bars. Rooms with harbour view andAirconditioning, tea/coffee making facilities, minibar. TV, bath and shower.Departure dates: Price:02,10 Mar $79909,16 Mar $84917 Mar $82915 Apr $96927 Apr, 04, 18 May $999The price includes: Return flights. 5 nts accom (no meals). Transfers. Prices are per person sharing a twin room.Not included: UK dept tax. Local dept tax. Optional insurance: $30.To book, telephone: (open daily inc Sat/Sun)Tel: 01306 774300Fax: 01306 740328TEXT KFirst read the following questions.89. On hearing the fire alarm, those in class should go to___.A. A BlockB. B BlockC. C BlockD. the Assembly Area90. What should you do during the fire alarm?A. Make use of the lift.B. Collect personal things.C. Move along without noise.D. Overtake others on the way.Now, go through TEXT K quickly and answer questions 89 and 90.FIRE INSTRUCTIONSTHE PERSON DISCOVERING A FIRE WILL:1. OPERATE THE NEAREST FIRE ALARM.2. ATTACK THE FIRE WITH A V AILABLE EQUIPMENT, IF IT IS SAFE TO DO SO.FIRE ALARM BELLSThe Fire Alarm Bells will ring either in the area of A Block or in the area of BBlock and C Block. Those in the area where the Alarm Bells are ringing should t ake action as indicated below. Others should continue with their work.ON HEARING YOUR FIRE ALARM:1. Those in class: will go to the Assembly Area under instructions given by the teacher.2. Those elsewhere: will go to the Assembly Area by the most sensible route, and stay near the Head of their Department.ASSEMBLY AREAThe Assembly Area is the playing field which is south of the Sports Hall. Here n ames will be checked.PROCEDURE1 .Move quietly.2.Do NOT stop to collect your personal belongings.3.Do NOT attempt to pass others on your way to the Assembly Area.4.Do NOT use the lift.FIRE ALARMSFire Alarms are situated as follows:1. A BlockAt the Reception Desk; at east end of connecting corridor; outside the kitchen d oor.2. B BlockAt the bottom of both stairways and on each landing.3. C BlockInside entrance lobby of Sports Hall.。
1999年英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案
1999年英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案一、听力Part ⅡDICTATION［15 MIN。
］Listen to the following passage。
Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning。
For the second and third readings, the passage w ill be read sentence by sentence，or phrase by phrase，with intervals of 15 seco nds。
The last reading will he read at normal speed again and during this time yo u should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on Answer Sheet Two。
Part ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN。
]In Sections A，B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section you will hear eight statements. At the end of each statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following eightquestions。
1999年全国英语专业四级试题及答案（3）
1999年英语专业四级考试全真试卷（3）
57.The scientists have absolute freedom as to what research they think i t best to___.
A.engage B.devote C.seek D.pursue
58.The Olympic Games ___ in 776 B.C.in Olympia, a small town in Gree ce. A.originatedB.stemmed C.derived D.desce nded
53.My cousin likes eating very much, but he isn't very ___ about the f ood he e ats. A.special B.peculiar C.particular D.specific
54.Your advice would be ___ valuable to him.who is now at a loss as to wha tto do first. A.exceedinglyB.excessively C.extensively D.exclusive ly
55.More often than not, it is difficult to ___ the exact meaning of a Chines e idiom in English. A.exchangeB.transfer C.convey D.convert
1999年英语专业四级考试全真试卷
99年英语专业四级考试全真试卷Part ⅥREADING COMPREHENSION ［30 MIN.］SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN.］In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished stat ements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one th at you think is the correct answer. Mark your choice on your answer sheet.TEXT ASurprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospit als, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are jus t not kept. We know that more than 850.000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education wh ile in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital t eaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The special children’s hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have som e contact with a hospital teacher—and that contact may be as little as two hour s a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If the re was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and m aintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is of ten all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summ ed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school w ork. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to e ase the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interview ed.66．The author points out at the beginning that___.A. every child in hospital receives some teachingB. not enough is known about hospital teachingC. hospital teaching is of poor qualityD. the special children’s hospitals are worst off67. It can be inferred from the latest survey that___.A.hospital teaching across the country is similarB. each hospital has at least one part-time teacherC. all hospitals surveyed offer education to childrenD.only one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers68. Children in hospital usual1y turn to___in order to catch up with the ir school work.A. hospital teachersB. schoolmatesC. parentsD. school teachers69. We can conclude from the passage that the author is___.A. unfavourable towards children receiving education in hospitalsB. in favour of the present state of teaching in hospitalsC. unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teachingD. satisfied with the results of the latest surveyTEXT BComputer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-l iterate”, in other words, to learn to understand computers and what makes them t ick. Not all experts agree, however, that is a good idea.One pioneer, in particular. who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Compu tertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring peopl e closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computert own UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to the people and make them “people-literate”.David first got the idea when he visited one of America’s best-known computer “g uru”figure, Bob Albrecht，in the small university town of Palo Alto in Northern California. Albrecht had started a project called Computertown USA in the local library, and the local children used to call round every Wednesday to borrow so me time on the computers there, instead of borrowing library books. Albrecht was always on hand to answer any questions and to help the children discover about computers in their own way.Over here, in Britain，Computertowns have taken off in a big way，and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most succ essful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important di fference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater f or the enthusiasts, with some computer knowledge already, who get together arid eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, who a re happier going to Computertowns where there are computers available for them t o experiment on, with experts available to encourage them and answer any questions; they are not told what to do, they find out.David Tehbutt finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working s ide by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about compute rs, but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people real ly want to know. In some Computertowns there are question sessions, rather like radio phone-ins, where the experts listen to a lot of questions and then try to work out some structure to answer them. People are not having to learn computer jargons, but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily understood terms; the computers are becoming “people-literate”.70. According to David Tebbutt, the purpose of Computertown UK is to___A. train people to understand how computers workB. make more computers available to peopleC. enable more people to fix computers themselvesD. help people find out more about computers71. We Learn from the passage that Computertown USA was a ___.A. townB. projectC. libraryD. school72. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Computertowns in the UK have become popular.B. Computertowns and clubs cater for different people.C. Computertowns are more successful than clubs.D. It’s better that computertowns and clubs work together.73. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computertowns?A. Experts give lectures and talks on computers.B. Experts are on hand to answer people’s questions.C. People are left to discover computers on their own.D. There are computers around for people to practise on.TEXT CThere must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided a s on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can le ave the body to regulate these matters for itself. “The answer is easy,” says Dr . A. Burton.“With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings.” If he is right many people must be undersl eeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people have a greater i nertia than others.This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they a re reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue.Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To qu ote one medical opinion, thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; thereason is not that they can’t sleep. L ike a dvancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a poi nt in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue. Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asse rts: “It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the ma jority sleep too much.” One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity t o retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to w ork and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span i s to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the va n of this advance.74. The author seems to indicate that___.A. there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleepB. among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversialC. people are now moving towards solving many controversial issuesD. the right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctors75. The author disagrees with Dr. Burton because___.A. few people can wake up feeling fresh and alertB. some people still feel tired with enough sleepC. some people still feel sleepy with enough sleepD. some people go to bed very late at night76. In the last paragraph the author points out that___.A. sleeping less is good for human developmentB. people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than beforeC. it is incorrect to say that people sleep too littleD. those who can sleep less should be encouraged77. We learn from the passage that the author___.A. comments on three different opinionsB. favours one of the three opinionsC. explains an opinion of his ownD. revises someone else’s opinionTEXT DMigration i s usually defined as “permanent or semipermanent change of residence. ” This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or ac ross a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal mig ration within nations, although such movements often exceed international moveme nts in volume. Today, the motives of people whomove short distances are very si milar to those of international migrants.Students of human migration speak of “push” and “pull” factors, which influence an individual’s decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are ass ociated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matt er as difficulty in finding a suitable job. or as traumatic as war, or severe fa mine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influen ce their choice of destination).Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often thes e are economic，such as better job opportunities or the availability of good lan d to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the Unit ed States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparen tly better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential de stinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as th e presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already establis hed in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerat ions of this sort cad to the development of migration flow.Besides push and pull actors, there are what the sociologists call “intervening obstacles” Even if push and(or) pull factors are very strong they still may be ou tweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problem s likely to be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also influenced by “personal factors”of the potential m igrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on differen t people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing u p everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to lear n a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another. Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes confl ict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment p roblems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete w ith them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.78. The author thinks that pull factors___.A. are all related to economic considerationsB. are not as decisive as push factorsC. include a range of considerationsD. are more important than push factors79. People’s decisions to migrate might be influenced by all the follow ing EXC EPT___.A. personalities.B. education.C. marital status.D. abilities.80. The purpose of the passage is to discuss___.A. the problems of international migrantsB. the motives of international migrantsC. migration inside the countryD. migration between countries答案与详解TEXT A短文大意：这篇文章通过一次调查，反映了当孩子们生病住院时，医院里的教学问题。
1999年英语专业四级考试全真试卷(9)
1999年英语专业四级考试全真试卷(9)二、完型填空短文大意：这篇文章介绍了古代猿人为了生存而发生的生理进化。
26. 答案：A「试题分析」本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
「详细解答」rival意为”与……相匹敌；比得上”，常用的搭配是rival sb／sth for／in sth.；equal意为”比得上，和……相等”，常用的搭配是be equal to；match意为”和……相配；和……相称”，常用搭配为match with，意为”与……相匹敌”；compare意为”比较；对照”，常用的搭配有compare with，意为”与……相比较”.这里是说”他们无法与熊相比”，故根据句意和搭配，答案应选A.27. 答案：D「试题分析」本题为动词词义辨析题。
「详细解答」became意为”成为；变为”；equipped意为”装备”，常用于be equipped with或equip sb．with sth．；posed意为”摆好姿势；造成”；provided意为”供给，提供”.这里是说熊的力量、速度和爪子为自身提供了很好的武器，故选项D最合题意。
28. 答案：C「试题分析」本题为词汇搭配题。
「详细解答」defend……by doing sth．中的by表示方式、手段，意为”通过（做某事）”，后一般接动名词。
这里是说”它们不能像马、斑马或其他小动物一样通过快速地奔跑来保护自己”.29. 答案：B「试题分析」本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
「详细解答」be doomed to sth．（一般为death，failure等一类的词）表示”注定……”.be driven to后常接madness，sorrow等一类的词。
lead to一般为主动式。
这里是说”他们早就注定失败、灭绝了”，故答案选B.30. 答案：D「试题分析」本题为词汇辨析题。
「详细解答」bestow表示”赠给”，常与on或upon搭配；give 一般与to搭配；present表示”赠予”时一般与with搭配；endow表示”天生具有，赋予”，一般用被动式与with搭配。
1999年英语专业四级考试全真试卷(2)
1999年英语专业四级考试全真试卷(2)二、完型填空CLOZE ［15 MIN.］Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Mark the correct choice for each blank on your answer Sheet.Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle for survi val in the open.They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats.They could not （26 ） with the bear, whose strengt h, speed and claws （27 ）an impressive ‘small fire’ weaponry .They could not even defend themselves （28 ）runnin g swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals.If the ape-men h ad attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been （29 ） to failure and extinction.But they were （30） with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of the ir competitors.In the search （31 ） the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had （32 ）efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the grasslands did not possess.The abili ty to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical proble ms in a way that lay far （33 ）the reach of the original inh abitants of the grassland.Good long-distance sight was （34 ）another ck of long-distance vision had not been a problem for fores t-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the greater the ra nge of sight—so （35 ） they had had to do was climb a tree.Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not （3 6 ）.Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the gro und was flat.The ape-men （37 ）the only possible solution.They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk upright . This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages.It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became slo wer still.（38 ）, they persevered and their bone structure gradually became （39 ）to the new,unstable position that （40 ）them the name Homo erectus,upright man.26.A.match pare C.rival D.equal27.A.became B.equipped C.posed D.provided28.A.inB.upon C.by D.with29.A.driven B.doomed C.forced D.led30.A.bestowed B.given C.presented D.endowed31.A.for B.of C.on D.at32.A.progressedB.generated C.developed D.advanced33.A.from B.apart C.beyondD.above34.A.rather B.quite C.much D.really35.A.anything B.that C.everything D.all36.A.availableB.enough C.sufficient D.convenient37.A.chose B.adopted C.accepted D.took38.A.However B.Therefore C.MeanwhileD.Subsequently39.A.accustomed B.familiarized C.adapted D.suited40.A.obtained B.called C.deserved D.earned。
1999年英语专业四级考试试题真题
1999年英语专业四级考试试题真题TIME LIMIT: 140 MIN.Part ⅠWRITING ［45 MIN.］SECTION A COMPOSITIONWe see advertisements on television every day. Some people think that TV advertising brings us benefits, hut others don’t think so. What is your opinion?Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:A MAJOR ADV ANTAGE / DISADV ANTAGE OF ADVERTISING ON TELEVISIONYou are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state just ONE major advantage or disadvantage of TV adv ertising. In the second paragraph, give one or two reasons to support your point of view. In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.Marks will he awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failur e to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING［10 MIN.］Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50-60 wordsbased on the following sit uation:Youve learned that your friend Jimmy is ill these days. Write him a note expressing your concern, asking after his health and giving your best wishes..Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.Part ⅡDICTATION ［15 MIN.］Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage w ill be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seco nds. The last reading will he read at normal speed again and during this time yo u should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on Answer Sheet Two.Part ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSION ［20 MIN.］In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section you will hear eight statements. At the end of each statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following eight questions.1. How well did the speaker do in the test?A. He answered the last four questions.B. He answered the last few questions first.C. He answered only some of the questions.D. He answered all the questions except the first.2. Jane thinks that Swiss cheese ___.A. tastes the bestB. tastes very badC. is better than butter cheeseD. is no better than other cheese3. John went to ___ first.A. the cinemeB. the repair shopC. the gas stationD. the service station4. Betty wishes to ___.A. send away the c1eaning ladyB. replace the cleaning ladyC. keep the cleaning ladyD. do the house cleaning5. How much did Fred pay for his car?A. He paid half the price the salesman asked.B. lie paid twice as much as the salesman askedC. He paid the price the salesman asked.D. He neednt have paid that much for the car.6. Permanent education is practical because___.A. there arc no limits at allB. there are no age limitsC. no one is getting really too oldD. no one wants to learn at old age7. According to the speaker, the most difficult thing is___.A. traveling from place to placeB. keeping away from crowdsC. making holiday plansD. finding a place with many people8. William lost his job because___.A. he was always sickB. he usually went to work lateC. he made a mistake in his workD. he got angry with his bossSECTION B CONVERSATIONIn this section, you will hear eight short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following eight questions.9. Mark refused to take the job because ___.A. the working hours were not suitableB. the job was not well paidC. he had to do a lot of travellingD. the job was quite difficult10. What do they think about the restaurant?A. The service there is not good.B. The food might not be good.C. The waiter is not hospitable.D. The restaurant is too small.11. Which language does Mary speak well?A. Chinese.B. French.C. Japanese.D. English12. The woman believes that John___.A. was playing a jokeB. was leaving BostonC. was moving to BostonD. was selling his house himself13. The woman should have arrived by___.A. 10:45B. 10:40C. 10:55D. 11:0014. What do we learn from the conversation?A. John is not sick.B. John is feeling better.C. Jack hasnt been sick.D. Jack has not got better.15. The tone of the man is that of___.A. surpriseB. sarcasmC. disappointmentD. humour16. The two speakers are probably___.A. in a parking groundB. at a ferry-crossingC. in a traffic jamD. at a petrol stationSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 17 and 18 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.17. Some Haitians are on strike in order to___.A. get proper medical treatmentB. ask for their political rightsC. protest against the US decisionD. demand food supply aid from USA18. The strikers are denied entry into the US because___.A. AIDS virus has been found among themB. they can not get political asylum in the USC. the US government has refused to take themD. they dont accept proper medical treatmentQuestion 19 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will he given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.19. The US auto-makers decided to stop their action because___.A. Japanese auto-makers promised to stop dumping cars in the USB. the Government promised to solve the US-Japan trade imbalanceC. three US companies have ended the US-Japan trade imbalanceD. Japan agreed to sell cars at the agreed prices inside the USQuestions 20 and 21 are based on the following news. Al the end of the news item, you will he given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.20. Where did the storms first strike?A. The eastern US.B. The Gulf of Mexico.C. The Canadian border.D. Some areas in Cuba.21. The storms have resulted in the following EXCEPT___.A. death and damageB. disruption of air servicesC. destruction of cropsD. relocation of peopleQuestion 22 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.22. According to the news, France was strongly criticized for___.A. conducting five nuclear tests on WednesdayB. carrying out a series of nuclear tests in the PacificC. getting disappointing results in the nuclear programD. refusing to sign a global treaty banning nuclear testsQuestions 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, You will he given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.23. The news item is mainly about___.A. air traffic problemsB. safety improvementC. the number of flightsD. flight training coursesQuestions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will he given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.24. What is the purpose of the meeting in Luxembourg?A. To control patrol boats on the River Danube.B. To end economic sanctions against Serbia.C. To step up economic sanctions against Serbia.D. To send police officers to search the river.25. International efforts against Serbia have been ineffective because ___.A. ships carrying illegal supplies still sail along the riverB. more illegal goods have been carried over landC. local authorities didnt attempt to stop illegal goodsD. there has been disagreement over economic sanctionsPart 4 CLOZE ［15 MIN.］Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your answer Sheet.Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle for survi val in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not ( 26 )with the bear, whose strengt h, speed and claws ( 27 ) an impressive small fire weaponry . They could not even defend themselves ( 28 ) runnin g swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the ape-men h ad attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been ( 29 ) to failure and extinction. But they were (30) with enormous concealed advantages of a kindnot possessed by any of the ir competitors.In the search ( 31 )the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had ( 32 )efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the grasslands did not possess. The abili ty to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical proble ms in a way that lay far ( 33 )the reach of the original inh abitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was ( 34 ) another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for fores t-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the greater the ra nge of sightso ( 35 ) they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not ( 3 6 ) . Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the gro und was flat. The ape-men ( 37 ) the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk upright .This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became slo wer still. ( 38 ), they persevered and their bone structure gradually became ( 39 )to the new,unstable position that ( 40 ) them the name Homo erectus,upright man.26. A. match B. compare C. rival D. equal27. A. became B. equipped C. posed D. provided28. A. in B. upon C. by D. with29. A. driven B. doomed C. forced D. led30. A. bestowed B. given C. presented D. endowed31. A.for B. of C. on D. at32. A. progressed B.generated C.developed D.advanced33. A.from B.apart C. beyond D.above34. A. rather B.quite C. much D.really35. A. anything B.that C. everything D.all36. A. available B.enough C. sufficient D.convenient37. A. chose B.adopted C. accepted D.took38. A. However B.Therefore C. Meanwhile D.Subsequently39. A. accustomed B. familiarized C. adapted D. suited40. A. obtained B.called C. deserved D. earnedPart 5 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY ［15 MIN.］There are twenty-five sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that corr ectly completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet41. After ___ seemed an endless wait,it was her turn to enter the per sonnel managers office.A. thatB. whatC. thereD. it42. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighbouring country, ___ by the police each time.A. had been capturedB. being always capturedC. only to be capturedD. unfortunately captured43. Professor Johnson is said ___some significant advance in his resea rch in the past year.A. having madeB. makingC. to have madeD.to make44. Fat cannot change into muscle ___ muscle changes into fat.A. any more thanB. no less thanC. no more thanD. much morethan45. It is not so much the language ___ the cultural background that m akes the book difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. asD. like46. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountainc limbing than ___ in the public mind today.A. existsB. existC. existingD. to exist47. Ive never been to Lhasa, but thats the city___.A. Id most like to visitB. where I like to visitC. which I like to visit mostlyD. Id like much to visit48. He ___ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something hel pful.A. may have actedB. must have actedC. should actD. would act49. If you have really been studying English for so long. Its about t i me you ___ able to write letters in English.A. should beB. wereC. must be D . are50. Hes ___ as a bellyacher hes always complaining about some thin g.A. who is knownB. whom is knownC. what is knownD. which is known51. ___he always tries his best to complete it on time.A. However the task is hardB. However hard the task isC. Though hard the task isD. Though hard is the task52. Much as ___, I couldnt lend him the money because I simply didn t ha ve that much spare cash.A. I would have liked toB. I would like to haveC. 1 should have to likeD.1 should have liked to53 My cousin likes eating very much, but he isnt very ___ about the f ood he e ats.A. specialB. peculiarC. particularD. specific54. Your advice would be ___ valuable to him. who is now at a loss as to wha t to do first.A. exceedinglyB. excessivelyC. extensivelyD. exclusive ly55. More often than not, it is difficult to ___ the exact meaning of a Chines e idiom in English.A. exchangeB. transferC. conveyD. convert56. She refused to ___ the door key to the landlady until she got ba ck her deposit.A. hand inB. hand outC. hand downD. hand over57. The scientists have absolute freedom as to what research they think i t best to___.A. engageB. devoteC. seekD. pursue58. The Olympic Games ___ in 776 B.C. in Olympia, a small town in Gree ce.A. originatedB. stemmedC. derivedD. desce nded59. We should always bear in mind that ___ decisions often result in se rious co nsequences.A. urgentB. instantC. promptD. hasty60. The fact that the management is trying to reach agreement___five separate unions has led to long negotiations.A. overB.inC.uponD. with61. The chairman of the company said that new techniques had ___impr oved their production efficiency.A. violentlyB. severelyC. extremelyD. radically62. The local authorities realized the need to make ___for elderly peo ple in their housing programmes.A. preparationB. requirementC. specificationD. provision63. The guest team was beaten by the host team 2 ___ 4 in last years CFA Cup Final.A. overB. inC. toD. against64. The police let him go, because they didnt find him guilty ___ the murder.A. ofB. inC. overD. on65. As a developing country, we must keep ___ with the rapiddevelopme nt of the world economy.A. moveB. stepC. speedD. pacePart ⅥREADING COMPREHENSION ［30 MIN.］SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN.］In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished stat ements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one th at you think is the correct answer. Mark your choice on your answer sheet.TEXT ASurprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospit als, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are jus t not kept.We know that more than 850.000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education wh ile in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital t eaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The specialchildrens hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have som e contact with a hospital teacherand that contact may be as little as two hour s a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If the re was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and m aintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is of ten all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summ ed up when parents referred to them as the library lady or just the helper. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school w ork. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to e ase the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interview ed.66．The author points out at the beginning that___.A. every child in hospital receives some teachingB. not enough is known about hospital teachingC. hospital teaching is of poor qualityD. the special childrens hospitals are worst off67. It can be inferred from the latest survey that___.A.hospital teaching across the country is similarB. each hospital has at least one part-time teacherC. all hospitals surveyed offer education to childrenD.only one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers68. Children in hospital usual1y turn to___in order to catch up with the ir school work.A. hospital teachersB. schoolmatesC. parentsD. school teachers69. We can conclude from the passage that the author is___.A. unfavourable towards children receiving education in hospitalsB. in favour of the present state of teaching in hospitalsC. unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teachingD. satisfied with the results of the latest surveyTEXT BComputer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become computer-l iterate, in other words, to learn to understand computers and what makes them t ick. Not all experts agree, however, that is a good idea.One pioneer, in particular. who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Compu tertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring peopl e closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computert own UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to the people and make them people-literate.David first got the idea when he visited one of Americas best-known computer g uru figure, Bob Albrecht，in the small university town of Palo Alto in Northern California. Albrecht had started a project called Computertown USA in the local library, and the local children used to call round every Wednesday to borrow so me time on the computers there,instead of borrowing library books. Albrecht was always on hand to answer any questions and to help the children discover about computers in their own way.Over here, in Britain，Computertowns have taken off in a big way，and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most succ essful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important di fference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater f or the enthusiasts, with some computer knowledge already, who get together arid eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, who a re happier going to Computertowns where there are computers available for them t o experiment on, with experts available to encourage them and answer any questions; they are not told what to do, they find out.David Tehbutt finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working s ide by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about compute rs, but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people real ly want to know. In some Computertowns there are question sessions, rather like radio phone-ins, where the experts listen to a lot of questions and then try to work out some structure to answer them. People are not having to learn computer jargons, but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily understood terms; the computers are becoming people-literate.70. According to David Tebbutt, the purpose of Computertown UK is to___A. train people to understand how computers workB. make more computers available to peopleC. enable more people to fix computers themselvesD. help people find out more about computers71. We Learn from the passage that Computertown USA was a ___.A. townB. projectC. libraryD. school72. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Computertowns in the UK have become popular.B. Computertowns and clubs cater for different people.C. Computertowns are more successful than clubs.D. Its better that computertowns and clubs work together.73. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computertowns?A. Experts give lectures and talks on computers.B. Experts are on hand to answer peoples questions.C. People are left to discover computers on their own.D. There are computers around for people to practise on.TEXT CThere must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided a s on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can le ave the body to regulate these matters for itself. The answer is easy, says Dr . A. Burton. With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings. If he is right many people must be undersl eeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people have a greater i nertia than others.This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they a re reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue.Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To qu ote one medical opinion, thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they cant sleep. Like a dvancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a poi nt in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue. Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asse rts: It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the ma jority sleep too much. One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity t o retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to w ork and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span i s to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the va n of this advance.74. The author seems to indicate that___.A. there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleepB. among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversialC. people are now moving towards solving many controversial issuesD. the right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctors75. The author disagrees with Dr. Burton because___.A. few people can wake up feeling fresh and alertB. some people still feel tired with enough sleepC. some people still feel sleepy with enough sleepD. some people go to bed very late at night76. In the last paragraph the author points out that___.A. sleeping less is good for human developmentB. people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than beforeC. it is incorrect to say that people sleep too littleD. those who can sleep less should be encouraged77. We learn from the passage that the author___.A. comments on three different opinionsB. favours one of the three opinionsC. explains an opinion of his ownD. revises someone elses opinionTEXT DMigration is usually defined as permanent or semipermanent change of residence. This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or ac ross a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal mig ration within nations, although such movements often exceed international moveme nts in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very si milar to those of international migrants.Students of human migration speak of push and pull factors, which influence an individuals decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are ass ociated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matt er as difficulty in finding a suitable job. or as traumatic as war, or severe fa mine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influen ce their choice of destination).Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often thes e are economic，such as better job opportunities or the availability of good lan d to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the Unit ed States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparen tly better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential de stinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as th e presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already establis hed in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerat ions of this sort cad to the development of migration flow.Besides push and pull actors, there are what the sociologists call intervening obstacles Even if push and(or) pull factors are very strong they still may be ou tweighed by intervening obstacles, such as thedistance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problem s likely to be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also influenced by personal factors of the potential m igrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on differen t people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing u p everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to lear n a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another. Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes confl ict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment p roblems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete w ith them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.78. The author thinks that pull factors___.A. are all related to economic considerations。
1999年1月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
1999年1月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched（草盖的）roof cottages around a church; a drive through a narrow village street lines with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practiced in the British Isles（英论诸岛）. Although thatch has always been used for cottage and farm buildings, it was once used for castles and churches, too.Thatching is a solitary（独自的）craft, which often runs in families. The craft of thatching as it is practiced toady has changed very little since the Middle Ages. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.In fact, if we look at developing countries, over half the world lives under thatch, but they all do it in different ways. People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buildings. However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials. Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months. Thatch which has been done the British way lasts from twenty to sixty years, and is an effective defiance against the heat.21、Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside?A) Narrow streets lined with pink or white houses.B) Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings.C) Cottages with thatched roofs.D) churches with cottages around them.22、What do we know about thatching as a craft?A) It is a collective activity.B) It is practised on farms all over England.C) It is quite different from what it used to be.D) It is in most cases handed down among family members.23、Thatched houses are still preferred because of _________.A) their style and comfortB) their durabilityC) their easy maintenanceD) their cheap and ready-made materials24、People in developing countries also live under thatch because ________.A) thatched cottages are a big tourist attractionB) thatched roof houses are the cheapestC) thatch is an effective defense against the heatD) they like thatched houses better than other buildings25、We can learn from the passage that _________.A) thatched cottages in England have been passed down from ancient timesB) thatching is a building craft first created by the English peopleC) the English people have a special liking for thatched housesD) most thatched cottages in England are located on hillsidesPassage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige（威望）in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions posses this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly（垄断）of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, that democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic（贵族的）idea of inherited privilege.26、The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “________”.A) The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB) Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC) Business is of primary concern to AmericansD) America is a great power in world business27、Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only ________.A) when given equality of opportunityB) through doing businessC) by protecting their individual freedomD) by way of competition28、Who can benefit from business competition?A) Honest businessmen.B) Both businessmen and their customers.C) People with ideals of equality and freedom.D) Both business institutions and government.29、Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by ________.A) its absolute control of powerB) its function in preserving personal freedomC) its role in protecting basic American valuesD) its democratic way of exercising leadership30、It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _________.A) Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB) in many countries success often depends on one’s social statusC) American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD) businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in AmericaPassage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money.Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread w as offer to dieters（节食者）with the message that there were fewer calories（热量单位，大卡）in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic（适合于节食的）, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from theadvertising.Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.31、Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _________.A) stressing their high qualityB) convincing him of their low priceC) maintaining a balance between quality and priceD) appealing to his buying motives32、The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ________.A) thin slices of bread could contain more caloriesB) the loaf was cut into regular slicesC) the bread was not genuine breadD) the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same33、The passage tells us that _______.A) sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needsB) advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t needC) the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisementsD) fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment34、It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should _________.A) think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisementsB) guard against the deceiving nature of advertisementsC) be familiar with various advertising strategiesD) avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal35、The passage is mainly about ________.A) how to make a wise buying decisionB) ways to protect the interests of the consumerC) the positive and negative aspects of advertisingD) the function of advertisements in promoting salesPassage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading c annot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.”Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is alsopublic activity: It can be seen and observed.Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfil them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.36、The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that _______.A) it is one of the most difficult school coursesB) students spend endless hours in readingC) reading tasks are assigned with little guidanceD) too much time is spent in teaching about reading37、The teaching of reading will be successful if ________.A) teachers can improve conditions at school for the studentsB) teachers can enable students to develop their own way of readingC) teachers can devise the most efficient system for readingD) teachers can make their teaching activities observable38、The word “scrutiny” (Line 3, Para.3) most probably means “_________”.A) inquiryB) observationC) controlD) suspicion39、According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when _________.A) children become highly motivatedB) teacher and learner roles are interchangeableC) teaching helps children in the search for knowledgeD) reading enriches children’s e xperience40、The main idea of the passage is that _________.A) teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to readB) teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possibleC) reading ability is something acquired rather than taughtD) reading is more complicated than generally believedPart III V ocabulary (20 minutes)(共30小题；每小题0.5分，满分15分)41、A person’s calorie requirements vary ________ his life.A) acrossB) throughoutC) overD) within42、A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, ________ were surprising.A) as results B) which resultsC) the results of it D) the results of which43、Generous public funding of basic science would _________ considerable benefits for the country’s health, wealth and security.A) lead to B) result fromC) lie in D) settle down44、In a time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keep ___________ with the rapid changes of society.A) step B) progressC) pace D) touch45、__________ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A) The girl was educated B) The girl educatedC) The girl’s being educated D) The girl to be educated46、__________ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.A) Even if B) As far asC) If only D) So long as47、My train arrives in New Y ork at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _________ by then.A) would leave B) will have leftC) has left D) had left48、The speech which he made __________ the project has bothered me greatly.A) being concerned B) concernedC) be concerned D) concerning49、Harry was ________ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.A) stung B) stuckC) bitten D) scratched50、The thief tried to open the locked door but _________.A) in no way B) in vainC) without effect D) at a loss51、All flights _________ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A) had been canceled B) have been canceledC) were canceled D) having been canceled52、__________ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.A) By B) On C) At D) For53、Remember that customers don’t ________ about prices in that city.A) debate B) consult C) dispute D) bargain54、Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we ___________ during the day.A) should have done B) may have doneC) would have done D) must have done55、I hope that you’ll be more careful in typing the letter. Don’t _________ anything.A) lack B) withdraw C) omit D) leak56、This crop does not do well in soils ___________ the one for which it has been specially developed.A) outside B) other than C) beyond D) rather than57、“Y ou are very selfish. It’s high time you ________ that you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.A) realized B) have realized C) realized D) should realize58、These two areas are similar _________ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A) to that B) besides that C) in that D) except that59、The tomato juice left brown __________ on the front of my jacket.A) spot B) point C) track D) trace60、If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you ________ now.A) wouldn't be smiling B) couldn’t have smiledC) won’t smile D) didn’t smile61、The committee is totally opposed ________ any changes being made in the plans.A) of B) on C) to D) against62、We’ll visit Europe next year _________ we have enough money.A) lest B) until C) unless D) provided63、My father seemed to be in no __________ to look at my school report.A) mood B) emotion C) attitude D) feeling64、When he realized the police had spotted him, the man ______ the exit as quickly as possible.A) made off B) made for C) made out D) made up65、I was advised to arrange for insurance _________ I needed medical treatment.A) nevertheless B) although C) in case D) so that66、Frankly speaking, I’d rather you __________ anything about it for the time being.A) didn’t do B) haven’t doneC) don’t do D) have done67、I’m sorry I can’t see you immediately; but if you’d like to take a seat, I’ll be with you _________.A) for a moment B) in a momentC) for the moment D) at the moment68、The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudnes s _______ by his lack of talent.A) than B) more thanC) as D) so much as69、Our new house is very _________ for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.A) adaptable B) comfortable C) convenient D) available70、Our journey was slow because the train stopped __________ at different villages.A) unceasingly B) gradually C) continuously D) continuallyPart I Reading Comprehension01.C 02.D 03.C 04.A 05.D 06.D 07.A 08.B 09.C 10.D11.D 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.A 16.A 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.CPart II V ocabulary and Structure21.A 22.B 23.C 24.D 25.B 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.B 30.B31.C 32.A 33.D 34.B 35.B 36.C 37.A 38.C 39.D 40.C41.B 42.A 43.D 44.A 45.C 46.C 47.D 48.A 49.C 50.BPart I Reading ComprehensionQuestions 01-05 are based on the following passage:The concept of culture has been defined many times, and although no definition has achieved universal acceptance, most of the definitions include three central ideas: that culture is passed n from generation to generation, that a culture represents a ready-made prescription for living and for making day-to-day decisions, and, finally, that the components of a culture are accepted by those in the culture as good, and true, and not to be questioned. The eminent anthropologist George Murdock has listed seventy-three items that characterize every known culture, past and present. The list begins with Age-grading and Athletic sports, runs to Weaning and Weather Control, and includes on the way such items as Calendar, Firemaking, Property Rights, and Toolmaking. I would submit that even the most extreme advocate of a culture of poverty viewpoint would readily acknowledge that, with respect to almost all of these items, every American, beyond the first generation immigrant, regardless of race or class, is a member of a common culture. We all share pretty much the same sports. Maybe poor kids don't know how to play polo, and rich kids don't spend time with stickball, but we all know baseball, and football, and basketball. Despite some misguided efforts to raise minor dialects to the status of separate tongues, we all, in fact, share the same language. There may be differences in diction and usage, but it would be ridiculous to say that all Americans don't speak English. We have the calendar, the law, and large numbers of other cultural items in common. It may well be true that on a few of the seventy-three items there are minor variations between classes, but these kinds of things are really slight variations on a common theme. There are other items that show variability, not in relation to class, but in relation to religion and ethnic background-funeral customs and cooking, for example. But if there is one place in America where the melting pot is a reality, it is on the kitchen stove; in the course of one month, half the readers of this sentence have probably eaten pizza, hot pastrami, and chow mein. Specific differences that might be identified a signs of separate cultural identity are relatively insignificant within the general unity of American life; they are cultural commas and semicolons in the paragraphs and pages of American life.01. According to the author's definition of culture, ____ .A. a culture should be accepted and maintained universallyB. a culture should be free from falsehood and evilsC. the items of a culture should be taken for granted by peopleD. the items of a culture should be accepted by well-educated people02. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Baseball, football and basketball are popular sports in America.B. Pizza, hot pastrami, and chow mein are popular diet in America.C. There is no variation in using the American calendar.D. There is no variation in using the American language.03. It can be inferred that all the following will most probably be included in the seventy-three items except ____.A. heir and heritageB. childrearing practicesC. dream patternsD. table manners04. By saying that "they are cultural commas and semicolons..." the author means that commas and semicolons ____.A. can be interpreted as subculture of American lifeB. can be identified as various ways of American lifeC. stand for work and rest in American lifeD. are preferred in writing the stories concerning American life05. The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to ____.A. prove that different people have different definitions of cultureB. inform that variations exist as far as a culture is concernedC. indicate that culture is closely connected with social classesD. show that the idea that the poor constitute a separate culture is an absurdityQuestions 06-10 are based on the following passage:It is 3A.M. Everything on the university campus seems ghostlike in the quiet, misty darkness - everything except the computer center. Here, twenty students rumpled and bleary-eyed, sit transfixed at their consoles, tapping away on the terminal keys. With eyes glued to the video screen, they tap on for hours. For the rest of the world, it might be the middle of the night, but here time does not exist. This is a world unto itself. These young computer "hackers" are pursuing a kind of compulsion, a drive so consuming it overshadows nearly every other part of their lives and forms the focal point of their existence. They are compulsive computer programmers. Some of these students have been at the console for thirty hours or more without a break for meals or sleep. Some have fallen asleep on sofas and loungechairs in the computer center, trying to catch a few winks but loathe to get too far away from their beloved machines.Most of these students don't have to be at the computer center in the middle of the night. They aren't working on assignments. They are there because they want to be - they are irresistibly drawn there.And they are not alone. There are hackers at computer centers all across the country. In their extreme form, they focus on nothing else. They flunk out of school and lose contact with friends; they might have difficulty finding jobs, choosing instead to wander from one computer center to another. They may even forgo personal hygiene."I remember one hacker. We literally had to carry him off his chair to feed him and put him to sleep. We really feared for his health," says a computer science professor at MIT.Computer science teachers are now more aware of the implications of this hacker phenomenon and are on the lookout for potential hackers and cases of computer addiction that are alreadysevere. They know that the case of the hackers is not just the story of one person's relationship with a machine. It is the story of a society's relationship to the so-called thinking machines, which are becoming almost ubiquitous.06. We can learn from the passage that those at the computer center in the middle of the night are ____.A. students working on a programB. students using computers to amuse themselvesC. hard-working computer science majorsD. students deeply fascinated by the computer07. Which of the following is NOT true of those young computer "hackers"?A. Most of them are top students majoring in computer programming.B. For them, computer programming is the sole purpose for their life.C. They can stay with the computer at the center for nearly three days on end.D. Their "love" for the computer is so deep that they want to be near their machines even when they sleep.08. It can be reasonably inferred from the passage that ____.A. the "hacker" phenomenon exists only at university computer centersB. university computer centers are open to almost everyoneC. university computer centers are expecting outstanding programmers out of the "hackers"D. the "hacker" phenomenon is partly attributable to the deficiency of the computer centers09. The author's attitude towards the "hacker" phenomenon can be described as ____.A. affirmativeB. contemptuousC. anxiousD. disgusted10. Which of the following may be a most appropriate title for the passage?A. The Charm of Computer ScienceB. A New Type of Electronic ToysC. Compulsive Computer ProgrammersD. Computer AddictsQuestions 11-15 are based on the following passage:Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fibre of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Y et every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of thenew coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Y et no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associated freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called "popular science" makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it - as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.11. Special words used in technical discussion ____.A. never last longB. are considered artificial language speechC. should be confined to scientific fieldsD. may become part of common speech12. It is true that ____.A. an educated person would be expected to know most technical termsB. everyone is interested in scientific findingsC. the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for himD. various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons13. In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of technical terms in the terminology ofA. farmingB. sportsC. governmentD. fishery14. The writer of the article was, no doubt ____.A. a linguistB. an essayistC. a scientistD. an attorney15. The author's main purpose in the passage is to ____.A. describe a phenomenonB. be entertainingC. argue a beliefD. propose a solutionQuestions 16-20 are based on the following passage:In the days immediately following hurricane Andrew's deadly visit to South Florida, Allstate Insurance hastily dispatched more than 2,000 extra claim adjusters to the devastated area to assist the 200 stationed there. Many of the reserves arrived in convoys of motor homes. Others flew in from as far away as Alaska and California. Since the storm had knocked out telephone lines, Allstate rushed to set up its own communications system. Allatate expects to pay out 1.2 billion to cover more than 121,000 damage claims as a result of Andrew.。
1999年6月英语四级真题及答案
1999年6月英语四级真题及答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each questionthere will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices markedA), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) The woman feels sorry for the man.B) The man is a member of the staff.C) The area is for passengers only.D) The woman is asking the man to leave.2. A) Clean her house while she is away.B) Buy her some plants and take care of them.C) Water her plants while she is away.D) Water her plants when he is not at work.3. A) He will only be available in the afternoon.B) It’s not his office hour.C) He doesn’t have time.D) He is too tired after class.4. A) The woman insists on going out.B) The woman doesn’t like watching TV.C) The man promised her a gift on her birthday.D) The man is too tired to go out.5. A) There are too many courses offered to students.B) There woman should take fewer courses next term.C) The man will take four courses next semester.D) It is wiser to take more than four courses.6. A) Ask Tom to send an invitation.B) Get the Johnsons’ address.C) Invite Tom to the party.D) Tell Tom to pick up the Johnsons.7. A) Jane is looking for an summer job.B) Jane is packing for the summer vacation.C) Jane is on her way home.D) Jane is eager to go home for the vacation.8. A) Spending more time on sightseeing.B) Visiting the city with a group.C) Touring the city on a fine day.D) Taking the man with her on the tour.9. A) The woman is driving too fast.B) The woman is driving at a slow speed.C) The woman has broken a traffic rule.D) The woman has parked her car in a wrong place.10. A) She can tell Joan’s brother about the reception.B) She should tell Joan’s brother about the reception.C) She must call on Joan after the reception.D) She may see Joan’s brother at lunch.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) To protect persons and property.B) To collect taxes.C) To teach and train citizens.D) To save natural resources for future use.12. A) By selling services that make life comfortable.B) By selling land containing oil.C) By selling public lands.D) By selling coal and other natural products.13. A) Environmental pollution and protection.B) Taxes and services for the public.C) Police efforts to protect people.D) People’s attitude toward taxes.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) He didn’t like physics any more.B) His eyesight was too poor.C) Physics was too hard for him.D) He had to work to support himself.15. A) He was not happy with the new director.B) He was not qualified to be an engineer.C) He wanted to travel.D) He found his job boring.16. A) He wanted to work with his friend.B) He wanted to go to Spain.C) He enjoyed travelling around the world.D) He was rejected by the engineering firm.17. A) He enjoyed teaching English.B) He wanted to earn more to support his family.C) The owner of the school promised him a good position.D) He could earn more as a teacher than as a travel agent.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) It can be cooked in many ways.B) It is delicious but inexpensive.C) It gives higher yields than other grain crops.D) It grows easily in various conditions.19. A) Fried potatoes.B) Tomato juice.C) Sweet corn.D) Chocolate beans.20. A) They led to the discovery of America.B) They made native American foods popular.C) They brought great wealth to Spain.D) They made native American life styles well-known.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable computers,radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines ban (禁止) such devices from being used during “critical” stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft’s computers. Experts know that portable device emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的) to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who can’t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music’s too loud.21. The passage is mainly about ________.A) a new regulation for al airlinesB) the defects of electronic devicesC) a possible cause of aircraft crashesD) effective safety measures for air flight22. What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years?A) They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems.B) They may have taken place during take-off and landing.C) They were proved to have been caused by the passengers’ portable computers.D) They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.23. Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devicesbecause ________.A) they don’t believe there is such a danger as radio interferenceB) the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be provedC) most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassetteplayersD) they have other effective safety measures to fall back on24. Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields onan airplane’s computers?A) Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.B) Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.C) Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects inlabs.D) Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.25. It can be inferred from the passage that the author ________.A) is in favor of prohibiting passengers’ use of electronic devices completelyB) has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interferenceC) hasn’t formed his own opinion on this problemD) regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flightPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.The rise of multinational corporations (跨国公司), global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the world’s top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate (公司的) planning activities, compared to about one-third of U.S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts (相对应的人) in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson—Marshall’s U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word “foreign” would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such things as foreign.26. According to the passage, U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatenedbecause of ________.A) an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companiesB) shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologiesC) the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U.S.D) increased efforts of other countries in public relations27. London could soon replace New York as the center of PR because ________.A) British companies are more ambitious than U.S. companiesB) British companies place more importance on PR than U.S. companiesC) British companies are heavily involved in planning activitiesD) four of the world’s top public relations agencies are British-owned28. The word “provincial” (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means “________”.A) limited in outlookB) like people from the provincesC) rigid in thinkingD) interested in world financial affairs29. We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry________.A) speak at least one foreign language fluentlyB) are ignorant about world geographyC) are not as sophisticated as their European counterpartsD) enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications30. What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN?A) American PR companies should be more internationally-minded.B) The American PR industry should develop global communications technologies.C) People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages.D) People involved in PR should avoid using the word “foreign”.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth-but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.Brazil’s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧) and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil’s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.“Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values-not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working,” says Martine. “They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.”Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. “This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction,” says Martine.31. According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth ________.A) by educating its citizensB) by careful family planningC) by developing TV programmesD) by chance32. According to the passage, many Third World countries ________.A) haven’t attached much importance to birth controlB) would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rateC) haven’t yet found an effective measure to control their populationD) neglected the role of TV plays in family planning33. The phrase “puts it down to” (Line 1, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to“________”.A) attributes it toB) finds it a reason forC) sums it up asD) compares it to34. Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil’s birth rate because ________.A) they keep people sitting long hours watching TVB) they have gradually changed people’s way of lifeC) people are drawn to their attractive packageD) they popularize birth control measures35. What is Martine’s conclusion about Brazil’s population growth?A) The increase in birth rate will promote consumption.B) The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.C) Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory.D) A country’s production is limited by its population growth.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained are same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步). The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.36. The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girlsplay with is that ________.A) their social roles are rigidly determinedB) most boys would like to follow their fathers’ professionsC) boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothersD) they like challenging activities37. One aspect of “the universality of toys” lies in the fact that ________.A) technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toysB) the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts ofuniversitiesC) the exploration of the universe had led to the creation of new kinds of toysD) the basic characteristics of toys are the same the world over38. Which of the following is the author’s view on the historical development of toys?A) The craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged.B) Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.C) The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.D) Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child’s character.39. Regarded as a kind of art form, toys ________.A) follow a direct line of ascentB) also appeal greatly to adultsC) are not characterized by technological progressD) reflect the pace of social progress40. The author uses the example of rattle to show that ________.A) in toy-making there is a continuity in the sue of materialsB) even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technologyC) even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technologyD) even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the timePart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completesthe sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the center.41. He came back late, ________ which time all the guests had already left.A) afterB) byC) atD) during42. I’m very sorry to have ________ you with so many questions on such an occasion.A) interferedB) offendedC) impressedD) bothered43. If the whole operation ________ beforehand a great deal of time and money wouldhave been lost.A) was not plannedB) has not been plannedC) had not been plannedD) was not planned44. The price of beer ________ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.A) alteredB) rangedC) separatedD) differed45. His remarks left me ________ about his real purpose.A) wonderedB) wonderC) to wonderD) wondering46. I have heard both teachers and students ________ well of him.A) to speakB) spokenC) to have spokenD) speak47. Our son doesn’t know what to ________ at the university; he can’t make up hismind about his future.A) take inB) take upC) take overD) take after48. The house was very quiet, ________ as it was on the side of a mountain.A) isolatedB) isolatingC) being isolatedD) having been isolated49. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still________.A) blankB) hollowC) vacantD) bare50. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of traveling ________ heavyschedules.A) with regard toB) as toC) in relation toD) owing to51. Tony is very disappointed ________ the results of the exam.A) withB) forC) towardD) on52. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, ________ defended the right of everycitizen to freedom of choice in religion.A) peculiarlyB) indifferentlyC) vigorouslyD) inevitably53. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, ________ suggested by the localgovernment, will be seriously considered here.A) whileB) sinceC) afterD) as54. When people become unemployed, it is ________ which is often worse than lack ofwages.A) lazinessB) povertyC) idlenessD) inability55. I’ve never been to Beijing, but it’s the place ________.A) where I’d like to visitB) I most want to visitC) in which I’d like to visitD) that I want to visit it most56. ________ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.A) DislikeB) UnlikeC) AlikeD) Liking57. This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, ________ both wind-resistantand adapted to the same type of soil.A) beingB) beenC) to beD) having been58. ________ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.A) ForB) SinceC) BeforeD) While59. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick upwonderful ________ in the market.A) batteriesB) bargainsC) basketsD) barrels60. We have been told that under no circumstances ________ the telephone in the officefor personal affairs.A) may we useB) we may useC) we could useD) did we use61. In previous times, then fresh meat was in short ________, pigeons were kept by manyhouseholds as a source of food.A) storeB) provisionC) reserveD) supply62. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures________ for our defense.A) had been takenB) would be takenC) be takenD) to be taken63. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes,________ from the sort of candles used only in churches.A) had comeB) comingC) comeD) that came64. After the guests left, she spent half an hour ________ the sitting-room.A) orderingB) arrangingC) tidying upD) clearing away65. I was ________ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A) toB) onC) atD) in66. In no country ________ Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasonsin the course of a single day.A) other thanB) more thanC) better thanD) rather than67. A lorry ________ Jane’s cat and sped away.A) ran overB) ran intoC) ran throughD) ran down68. The project ________ by the end of 2000, will expand the city’s telephone networkto cover 1,000,000 users.A) accomplishedB) being accomplishedC) to be accomplishedD) having been accomplished69. ________ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.A) If beingB) It isC) There isD) There being70. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply ________.A) appreciatedB) approvedC) appealedD) appliedPart IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions orcomplete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10words.)For many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury: they must work to survive. Others face a hard decision.Perhaps the easiest choice has to do with economics. One husband said, “Marge and I decided after careful consideration that for her to go back to work at this moment was an extravagance (奢侈) we couldn’t afford.” With two preschool children, it soon became clear in their figuring that with babysitters (临时照看小孩的人), transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might actually end up with less.Economic factors are usually the first to be considered, but they are not the most important. The most important aspects of the decision have to do with the emotional needs of each member of the family. It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings.There are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel imprisoned (被囚禁) if they have to stay home with a young child or several children. On the other hand, there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.From my own experience. I would like to suggest that sometime the decision to go back to work is made in too much haste. There are few decisions that I now regret more.I wasn’t mature enough to see how much I could have gained at home. I regret my impatience to get on with my career. I wish I had allowed myself the luxury of watching the world through my little girl’s eyes.Questions: (注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。
1999年全国英语专业四级全真试题参考答案解析
1999年全国英语专业四级全真试题参考答案解析TEXT A短文大意：这篇文章通过一次调查，反映了当孩子们生病住院时，医院里的教学问题。
66．答案：B【参考译文】在文章开头指出了什么？【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】在第一段中，告诉我们说”没有人知道有多少孩子在医院里能接受到教育，更少有人知道教育的内容和教学质量”，这与选项B”not enough is known about hospital teaching”的意思一致。
67．答案：D【参考译文】由最后一次调查可以推知什么？【试题分析】本题为细节理解题。
【详细解答】短文第三段第二、三句说”It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher．”由此可知，一半的医院没有老师，四分之一的医院有兼职老师，那么剩余的四分之一的医院就有全职老师了。
68. 答案：B【参考译文】为了赶上学校的功课，住院的孩子常常求助于谁？【试题分析】本题为细节理解题。
【详细解答】短文第六段第一句说”Children tend to rely onconcerned school friends to keep in touch with school work”，由此可知，他们求助的是同学们。
69. 答案：C【参考译文】我们可以推知是何态度？【试题分析】本题为概括题。
【详细解答】一开头就用Surprisingly一词，清楚表达了对医院教育现状的态度。
然后通过具体的调查结果，表明了对医院里儿童教学现状的不满。
TEXT B短文大意：介绍了”英国电脑城”的特点和功用。
70．答案：B【参考译文】根据David Tebbutt的观点，”英国电脑城”的目的是什么？【试题分析】本题为细节题。
1999年度全国英语专业四级试题及答案（2）
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第三段中第二句说"Albrecht had started a project called Computertown USA in the local library．．．"，由此可直接选出答案B。 72. 答案：C
Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often thes e are economic，such as better job opportunities or the availability of good lan d to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the Unit ed States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparen tly better chance for a good life and material wellbeing than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential de stinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as th e presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already establis hed in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerat ions of this sort cad to the development of migration flow.
专业英语四级真题1999年
专业英语四级真题1999年(总分：130.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}PART Ⅰ WRITING{{/B}}(总题数：2，分数：25.00)1.{{I}}We see advertisements on television every day. Some people think that TV advertising brings us benefits, but others don't think so. What is your opinion ? {{B}}Write a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:{{/B}}{{/I}} {{B}}A MAJOR ADVANTAGE/DISADVANTAGE OF ADVERTISING ON TELEVISION{{/B}} {{I}}You are to write in three paragraphs. In the first paragraph, state just ONE major advantage or disadvantage of TV advertising. In the second paragraph, give one or two reasons to support your point of view. In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.{{/I}}（分数：15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：[写作要点] 1．写三段，字数150字左右。
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1999年英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案一、听力Part ⅡDICTATION［15 MIN.］Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage w ill be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seco nds. The last reading will he read at normal speed again and during this time yo u should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on Answer Sheet Two.Part ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSION［20 MIN.］In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section you will hear eight statements. At the end of each statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following eight questions.1. How well did the speaker do in the test?A. He answered the last four questions.B. He answered the last few questions first.C. He answered only some of the questions.D. He answered all the questions except the first.2. Jane thinks that Swiss cheese ___.A. tastes the bestB. tastes very badC. is better than butter cheeseD. is no better than other cheese3. John went to ___ first.A. the cinemeB. the repair shopC. the gas stationD. the service station4. Betty wishes to ___.A. send away the c1eaning ladyB. replace the cleaning ladyC. keep the cleaning ladyD. do the house cleaning5. How much did Fred pay for his car?A. He paid half the price the salesman asked.B. lie paid twice as much as the salesman askedC. He paid the price the salesman asked.D. He needn’t have paid that much for the car.6. Permanent education is practical because___.A. there arc no limits at allB. there are no age limitsC. no one is getting really too oldD. no one wants to learn at old age7. According to the speaker, the most difficult thing is___.A. traveling from place to placeB. keeping away from crowdsC. making holiday plansD. finding a place with many people8. William lost his job because___.A. he was always sickB. he usually went to work lateC. he made a mistake in his workD. he got angry with his bossSECTION B CONVERSATIONIn this section, you will hear eight short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following eight questions.9. Mark refused to take the job because ___.A. the working hours were not suitableB. the job was not well paidC. he had to do a lot of travellingD. the job was quite difficult10. What do they think about the restaurant?A. The service there is not good.B. The food might not be good.C. The waiter is not hospitable.D. The restaurant is too small.11. Which language does Mary speak well?A. Chinese.B. French.C. Japanese.D. English12. The woman believes that John___.A. was playing a jokeB. was leaving BostonC. was moving to BostonD. was selling his house himself13. The woman should have arrived by___.A. 10:45B. 10:40C. 10:55D. 11:0014. What do we learn from the conversation?A. John is not sick.B. John is feeling better.C. Jack hasn’t been sick.D. Jack has not got better.15. The tone of the man is that of___.A. surpriseB. sarcasmC. disappointmentD. humour16. The two speakers are probably___.A. in a parking groundB. at a ferry-crossingC. in a trafficjam D. at a petrol stationSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 17 and 18 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.17. Some Haitians are on strike in order to___.A. get proper medical treatmentB. ask for their political rightsC. protest against the US decisionD. demand food supply aid from USA18. The strikers are denied entry into the US because___.A. AIDS virus has been found among themB. they can not get political asylum in the USC. the US government has refused to take themD. they don’t accept proper medical treatmentQuestion 19 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will he given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.19. The US auto-makers decided to stop their action because___.A. Japanese auto-makers promised to stop dumping cars in the USB. the Government promised to solve the US-Japan trade imbalanceC. three US companies have ended the US-Japan trade imbalanceD. Japan agreed to sell cars at the agreed prices inside the USQuestions 20 and 21 are based on the following news. Al the end of the news item, you will he given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to thenews.20. Where did the storms first strike?A. The eastern US.B. The Gulf of Mexico.C. The Canadian border.D. Some areas in Cuba.21. The storms have resulted in the following EXCEPT___.A. death and damageB. disruption of air servicesC. destruction of cropsD. relocation of peopleQuestion 22 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.22. According to the news, France was strongly criticized for___.A. conducting five nuclear tests on WednesdayB. carrying out a series of nuclear tests in the PacificC. getting disappointing results in the nuclear programD. refusing to sign a global treaty banning nuclear testsQuestions 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, You will he given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.23. The news item is mainly about___.A. air traffic problemsB. safety improvementC. the number of flightsD. flight training coursesQuestions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will he given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.24. What is the purpose of the meeting in Luxembourg?A. To control patrol boats on the River Danube.B. To end economic sanctions against Serbia.C. To step up economic sanctions against Serbia.D. To send police officers to search the river.25. International efforts against Serbia have been ineffective because ___.A. ships carrying illegal supplies still sail along the riverB. more illegal goods have been carried over landC. local authorities didn’t attempt to stop illegal goodsD. there has been disagreement over economic sanctions二，完型填空CLOZE［15 MIN.］Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your answer Sheet.Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle for survi val in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not ( 26 )with the bear, whose strengt h, speed and claws ( 27 )an impressive ’small fire’weaponry . They could not even defend themselves ( 28 ) runnin g swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the ape-men h ad attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been ( 29 )to failure and extinction. But they were (30) with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of the ir competitors.In the search ( 31 ) the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had ( 32 ) efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the grasslands did not possess. The abili ty to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical proble ms in a way that lay far ( 33 )the reach of the original inh abitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was ( 34 )another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for fores t-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the greater the ra nge of sight—so ( 35 ) they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not ( 3 6 ) . Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the gro und was flat. The ape-men ( 37 )the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk upright .This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became slo wer still. ( 38 ) , they persevered and their bone structure gradually became ( 39 )to the new,unstable position that ( 40 )them the name Homo erectus,upright man.26. A. match B. compare C. rival D. equal27. A. became B. equipped C. posed D. provided28. A. in B. upon C. by D. with29. A. driven B. doomed C. forced D. led30. A. bestowed B. given C. presented D. endowed31. A.for B. of C. on D. at32. A. progressed B.generated C.developed D.advanced33. A.from B.apart C. beyond D.above34. A. rather B.quite C. much D.really35. A. anything B.that C. everything D.all36. A. available B.enough C. sufficient D.convenient37. A. chose B.adopted C. accepted D.took38. A. However B.Therefore C. Meanwhile D.Subsequently39. A. accustomed B. familiarized C. adapted D. suited40. A. obtained B.called C. deserved D. earned三词汇GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY［15 MIN.］There are twenty-five sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that corr ectly completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet41. After ___ seemed an endless wait,it was her turn to enter the per sonnel manager’s office.A. thatB. whatC. thereD. it42. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighbouring country, ___ by the police each time.A. had been capturedB. being always capturedC. only to be capturedD. unfortunately captured43. Professor Johnson is said ___some significant advance in his resea rch in the past year.A. having madeB. makingC. to have madeD.to make44. Fat cannot change into muscle ___ muscle changes into fat.A. any more thanB. no less thanC. no more thanD. much more than45. It is not so much the language ___ the cultural background that m akes the book difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. asD. like46. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain c limbing than ___ in the public mind today.A. existsB. existC. existingD. to exist47. I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city___.A. I’d most like to visitB. where I like to visitC. which I like to visit mostlyD. I’d like much to visit48. He ___ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something hel pful.A. may have actedB. must have actedC. should actD. would act49. If you have really been studying English for so long. It’s about t i me you ___ able to write letters in English.A. should beB. wereC. must be D . are50. He’s ___ as a “bellyacher”——he’s always complaining about some thin g.A. who is knownB. whom is knownC. what is knownD. which is known51. ___he always tries his best to complete it on time.A. However the task is hardB. However hard the task isC. Though hard the task isD. Though hard is the task52. Much as ___, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn ’t ha ve that much spare cash.A. I would have liked toB. I would like to haveC. 1 should have to likeD.1 should have liked to53 My cousin likes eating very much, but he isn’t very ___ about the f ood he e ats.A. specialB. peculiarC. particularD. specific54. Your advice would be ___ valuable to him. who is now at a loss as to wha t to do first.A. exceedinglyB. excessivelyC. extensivelyD. exclusive ly55. More often than not, it is difficult to ___ the exact meaning of a Chinese idiom in English.A. exchangeB. transferC. conveyD. convert56. She refused to ___ the door key to the landlady until she got ba ck her deposit.A. hand inB. hand outC. hand downD. hand over57. The scientists have absolute freedom as to what research they think i t best to___.A. engageB. devoteC. seekD. pursue58. The Olympic Games ___ in 776 B.C. in Olympia, a small town in Gree ce.A. originatedB. stemmedC. derivedD. desce nded59. We should always bear in mind that ___ decisions often result in se rious co nsequences.A. urgentB. instantC. promptD. hasty60. The fact that the management is trying to reach agreement___five separate unions has led to long negotiations.A. overB.inC.uponD. with61. The chairman of the company said that new techniques had ___impr oved their production efficiency.A. violentlyB. severelyC. extremelyD. radically62. The local authorities realized the need to make ___for elderly peo ple intheir housing programmes.A. preparationB. requirementC. specificationD. provision63. The guest team was beaten by the host team 2 ___ 4 in last year’s CFA Cup Final.A. overB. inC. toD. against64. The police let him go, because they didn’t find him guilty ___ the murder.A. ofB. inC. overD. on65. As a developing country, we must keep ___ with the rapid developme nt of the world economy.A. moveB. stepC. speedD. pace四阅读理解APart ⅥREADING COMPREHENSION ［30 MIN.］SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN.］In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished stat ements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one th at you think is the correct answer. Mark your choice on your answer sheet.TEXT ASurprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospit als, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are jus t not kept.We know that more than 850.000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education wh ile in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital t eaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The special children’s hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holidayareas are worst off.From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have som e contact with a hospital teacher—and that contact may be as little as two hour s a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If the re was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and m aintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is of ten all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summ ed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school w ork. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to e ase the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interview ed.66．The author points out at the beginning that___.A. every child in hospital receives some teachingB. not enough is known about hospital teachingC. hospital teaching is of poor qualityD. the special children’s hospitals are worst off67. It can be inferred from the latest survey that___.A.hospital teaching across the country is similarB. each hospital has at least one part-time teacherC. all hospitals surveyed offer education to childrenD.only one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers68. Children in hospital usual1y turn to___in order to catch up with the ir school work.A. hospital teachersB. schoolmatesC. parentsD. school teachers69. We can conclude from the passage that the author is___.A. unfavourable towards children receiving education in hospitalsB. in favour of the present state of teaching in hospitalsC. unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teachingD. satisfied with the results of the latest surveyTEXT BComputer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-l iterate”, in other words, to learn to understand computers and what makes them t ick. Not all experts agree, however, that is a good idea.One pioneer, in particular. who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Compu tertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring peopl e closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computert own UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to the people and make them “people-literate”.David first got the idea when he visited one of America’s best-known computer “g uru”figure, Bob Albrecht，in the small university town of Palo Alto in Northern California. Albrecht had started a project called Computertown USA in the local library, and the local children used to call round every Wednesday to borrow so me time on the computers there, instead of borrowing library books. Albrecht was always on hand to answer any questions and to help the children discover about computers in their own way.Over here, in Britain，Computertowns have taken off in a big way，and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most succ essful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important di fference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater f or the enthusiasts, with some computer knowledge already, who get together arid eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, who a re happier going to Computertowns where there are computers available for them t o experiment on, with experts available to encourage them and answer any questions; they are not told what to do, they find out.David Tehbutt finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working s ide by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about compute rs, but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people real ly want to know. In some Computertowns there are question sessions, rather like radio phone-ins, where the experts listen to a lot of questions and then try to work out some structure to answer them. People are not having to learn computer jargons, but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily understood terms; the computers are becoming “people-literate”.70. According to David Tebbutt, the purpose of Computertown UK is to___A. train people to understand how computers workB. make more computers available to peopleC. enable more people to fix computers themselvesD. help people find out more about computers71. We Learn from the passage that Computertown USA was a ___.A. townB. projectC. libraryD. school72. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Computertowns in the UK have become popular.B. Computertowns and clubs cater for different people.C. Computertowns are more successful than clubs.D. It’s better that computertowns and clubs work together.73. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computertowns?A. Experts give lectures and talks on computers.B. Experts are on hand to answer people’s questions.C. People are left to discover computers on their own.D. There are computers around for people to practise on.TEXT CThere must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided a s on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can le ave the body to regulate these matters for itself. “The answer i s easy,” says Dr . A. Burton. “With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings.” If he is right many people must be undersl eeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people have a greater i nertia than others.This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they a re reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue.Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To qu ote one medical opinion, thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they can’t sleep. Like a dvancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a poi nt in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificingsleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue.Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asse rts: “It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the ma jority s leep too much.” One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity t o retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to w ork and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span i s to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the va n of this advance.74. The author seems to indicate that___.A. there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleepB. among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversialC. people are now moving towards solving many controversial issuesD. the right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctors75. The author disagrees with Dr. Burton because___.A. few people can wake up feeling fresh and alertB. some people still feel tired with enough sleepC. some people still feel sleepy with enough sleepD. some people go to bed very late at night76. In the last paragraph the author points out that___.A. sleeping less is good for human developmentB. people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than beforeC. it is incorrect to say that people sleep too littleD. those who can sleep less should be encouraged77. We learn from the passage that the author___.A. comments on three different opinionsB. favours one of the three opinionsC. explains an opinion of his ownD. revises someone else’s opinionTEXT DMigration is usually defined as “permanent or semipermanent change of residence. ” This broad definition, of cours e, would include a move across the street or ac ross a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal mig ration within nations, although such movements oftenexceed international moveme nts in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very si milar to those of international migrants.Students of human migration speak of “push” and “pull” factors, which influence an individual’s decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are ass ociated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matt er as difficulty in finding a suitable job. or as traumatic as war, or severe fa mine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influen ce their choice of destination). Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often thes e are economic，such as better job opportunities or the availability of good lan d to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the Unit ed States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparen tly better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential de stinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as th e presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already establis hed in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerat ions of this sort cad to the development of migration flow.Besides push and pull actors, there are what the sociologists call “intervening obstacles” Even if push and(or) pull factors are very strong they still may be ou tweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problem s likely to be encountered on arrival.The decision to move is also influenced by “personal factors” of the potential m igrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on differen t people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing u p everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to lear n a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another.Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes confl ict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment p roblems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete w ith them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decadesfor each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.78. The author thinks that pull factors___.A. are all related to economic considerationsB. are not as decisive as push factorsC. include a range of considerationsD. are more important than push factors79. People’s decisions to migrate might be influenced by all the follow ing EXC EPT___.A. personalities.B. education.C. marital status.D. abilities.80. The purpose of the passage is to discuss___.A. the problems of international migrantsB. the motives of international migrantsC. migration inside the countryD. migration between countries阅读BSECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING［5 min］In this section there are seven passages with a total often multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT EFirst read the following question.81. This is a letter of___.A. inquiryB. complaintC.explanation D introductionNow, go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 81.Flat 24Park MansionsNewbury Road。