球轴承涡轮增压器转子动力学性能分析与预测
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北京理工大学硕士学位论文
摘 要
涡轮增压器使用球轴承取代浮动轴承，可以具有机械效率高、加速响应快、稳定 性好等优势， 已经成为增压器发展的重要趋势。 本文以球轴承涡轮增压器为研究对象， 进行转子动力学特性的研究。轴承—转子系统工作转速偏离临界转速一定裕度是增压 器正常工作的前提，不平衡响应计算可以为转子选择合适的平衡面以及预测在指定工 况下的振动，转子失稳限制了其高速运转的能力，因此临界转速、不平衡响应和稳定 性是涡轮增压器转子动力学分析十分重要的内容。本文针对对这几方面进行分析,主 要做了如下工作： （1）在研究转子动力学特性的基础上,以 HP60Q 球轴承涡轮增压器为研究对象， 分别应用 DyRoBeS 和 Samcef Rotor 建立了其二维梁模型和三维实体模型。 （2）基于有限元法，分别对 HP60Q 球轴承涡轮增压器的二维和三维模型进行临 界转速、不平衡响应和稳定性这几方面动力学特性的计算与分析。对比两种模型的计 算结果和试验结果，进行分析与总结，证明使用 Samcef Rotor 建立三维实体模型分析 球轴承涡轮增压器转子动力学特性的可行性与准确性。 （3）使用 Samcef Rotor 建立 HP55Q 球轴承涡轮增压器的三维实体模型，对该型 增压器的转子动力学特性进行预测与分析。 本文的研究结果为分析球轴承涡轮增压器轴承—转子系统动力学特性提供了一种 很好的方法，预测分析的模型所得到的结果数据也为今后对该型增压器进行研究提供 了依据。 关键词：涡轮增压器；球轴承；转子动力学II来自北京理工大学硕士学位论文
目录
第一章 绪论 ...................................................................................................... 1
1.1 涡轮增压技术 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 涡轮增压的意义 .......................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 涡轮增压技术发展综述 .............................................................................. 1 1.2 高速球轴承涡轮增压技术 ..................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 车用高速轴承技术 ...................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 陶瓷球轴承技术 .......................................................................................... 4 1.3 涡轮增压器转子动力学 ......................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 转子动力学 .................................................................................................. 5 1.3.2 轴承—转子动力学 ...................................................................................... 6 1.4 高速轴系球轴承—转子系统动力学研究现状 ..................................................... 8 1.5 本文的研究意义、基础、方法和内容 ................................................................. 8 1.5.1 研究意义 ...................................................................................................... 8 1.5.2 研究基础 ...................................................................................................... 9 1.5.3 研究方法 ...................................................................................................... 9 1.5.4 研究内容 ...................................................................................................... 9
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北京理工大学硕士学位论文
Abstrct
Turbochargers in ball bearings have much advantage than in floating busing bearings, such as high mechanical efficiency, fast accelerate response and good stability, applying the ball bearing to turbocharger has become a main tendency. This thesis whose study object is ball bearing turbocharger of vehicle has centred on rotor dynamic characteristics. There is a certain margin between the rotational speed of bearing-rotor system and critical speed is the precondition of turbocharger work well. The analysis of unbalance response can choose right balanced surface and predict the vibration under specified conditions. Rotor instability limits the capacity of its high-speed operation. Critical speed, unbalance response and stability are important matters of turbocharger rotor dynamic. This thesis analyzes these areas and includes the following contents. (1) Based on rotor dynamic characteristics, two-dimensional beam model of DyRoBeS and three-dimensional solid model of Samcef Rotor are set up on HP60Q. (2) The critical speed, unbalance response and stability of two-dimensional beam model and three-dimensional solid model of HP60Q are analyzed by finite element method. Comparing, analyzing and summarizing the results of two models and experimental results, it proves the feasibility and accuracy of setting up three-dimensional solid model by Samcef Rotor to analyze rotor dynamic characteristics. (3) The three-dimensional solid model of HP55Q by Samcef Rotor are set up. The rotor dynamic characteristics of HP55Q are predicted and analyzed. The research results of this thesis provide a good method for analyzing the rotor dynamic characteristics of ball bearing. The result data of HP55Q give a basis for the future research work of this model. Key Words: turbocharger; ball bearing; rotor dynamics
第二章 HP60Q球轴承涡轮增压器轴承—转子系统的建模 .......................... 10
2.1 球轴承涡轮增压器轴承—转子系统动力学分析方法....................................... 10 2.1.1 转子动力学计算分析方法 ........................................................................ 10 2.1.2 转子动力学专业分析软件 ........................................................................ 12 2.2 涡轮增压器轴承—转子系统的建模方法 ........................................................... 16 2.2.1 基本结构 .................................................................................................... 16 2.2.2 DyRoBeS二维梁模型 .................................................................................. 17 2.2.3 Samcef三维实体模型 ................................................................................ 18 2.2.4 DyRoBeS和Samcef/Rotor建模对比分析 ................................................. 19 2.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 20
摘 要
涡轮增压器使用球轴承取代浮动轴承，可以具有机械效率高、加速响应快、稳定 性好等优势， 已经成为增压器发展的重要趋势。 本文以球轴承涡轮增压器为研究对象， 进行转子动力学特性的研究。轴承—转子系统工作转速偏离临界转速一定裕度是增压 器正常工作的前提，不平衡响应计算可以为转子选择合适的平衡面以及预测在指定工 况下的振动，转子失稳限制了其高速运转的能力，因此临界转速、不平衡响应和稳定 性是涡轮增压器转子动力学分析十分重要的内容。本文针对对这几方面进行分析,主 要做了如下工作： （1）在研究转子动力学特性的基础上,以 HP60Q 球轴承涡轮增压器为研究对象， 分别应用 DyRoBeS 和 Samcef Rotor 建立了其二维梁模型和三维实体模型。 （2）基于有限元法，分别对 HP60Q 球轴承涡轮增压器的二维和三维模型进行临 界转速、不平衡响应和稳定性这几方面动力学特性的计算与分析。对比两种模型的计 算结果和试验结果，进行分析与总结，证明使用 Samcef Rotor 建立三维实体模型分析 球轴承涡轮增压器转子动力学特性的可行性与准确性。 （3）使用 Samcef Rotor 建立 HP55Q 球轴承涡轮增压器的三维实体模型，对该型 增压器的转子动力学特性进行预测与分析。 本文的研究结果为分析球轴承涡轮增压器轴承—转子系统动力学特性提供了一种 很好的方法，预测分析的模型所得到的结果数据也为今后对该型增压器进行研究提供 了依据。 关键词：涡轮增压器；球轴承；转子动力学II来自北京理工大学硕士学位论文
目录
第一章 绪论 ...................................................................................................... 1
1.1 涡轮增压技术 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 涡轮增压的意义 .......................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 涡轮增压技术发展综述 .............................................................................. 1 1.2 高速球轴承涡轮增压技术 ..................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 车用高速轴承技术 ...................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 陶瓷球轴承技术 .......................................................................................... 4 1.3 涡轮增压器转子动力学 ......................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 转子动力学 .................................................................................................. 5 1.3.2 轴承—转子动力学 ...................................................................................... 6 1.4 高速轴系球轴承—转子系统动力学研究现状 ..................................................... 8 1.5 本文的研究意义、基础、方法和内容 ................................................................. 8 1.5.1 研究意义 ...................................................................................................... 8 1.5.2 研究基础 ...................................................................................................... 9 1.5.3 研究方法 ...................................................................................................... 9 1.5.4 研究内容 ...................................................................................................... 9
I
北京理工大学硕士学位论文
Abstrct
Turbochargers in ball bearings have much advantage than in floating busing bearings, such as high mechanical efficiency, fast accelerate response and good stability, applying the ball bearing to turbocharger has become a main tendency. This thesis whose study object is ball bearing turbocharger of vehicle has centred on rotor dynamic characteristics. There is a certain margin between the rotational speed of bearing-rotor system and critical speed is the precondition of turbocharger work well. The analysis of unbalance response can choose right balanced surface and predict the vibration under specified conditions. Rotor instability limits the capacity of its high-speed operation. Critical speed, unbalance response and stability are important matters of turbocharger rotor dynamic. This thesis analyzes these areas and includes the following contents. (1) Based on rotor dynamic characteristics, two-dimensional beam model of DyRoBeS and three-dimensional solid model of Samcef Rotor are set up on HP60Q. (2) The critical speed, unbalance response and stability of two-dimensional beam model and three-dimensional solid model of HP60Q are analyzed by finite element method. Comparing, analyzing and summarizing the results of two models and experimental results, it proves the feasibility and accuracy of setting up three-dimensional solid model by Samcef Rotor to analyze rotor dynamic characteristics. (3) The three-dimensional solid model of HP55Q by Samcef Rotor are set up. The rotor dynamic characteristics of HP55Q are predicted and analyzed. The research results of this thesis provide a good method for analyzing the rotor dynamic characteristics of ball bearing. The result data of HP55Q give a basis for the future research work of this model. Key Words: turbocharger; ball bearing; rotor dynamics
第二章 HP60Q球轴承涡轮增压器轴承—转子系统的建模 .......................... 10
2.1 球轴承涡轮增压器轴承—转子系统动力学分析方法....................................... 10 2.1.1 转子动力学计算分析方法 ........................................................................ 10 2.1.2 转子动力学专业分析软件 ........................................................................ 12 2.2 涡轮增压器轴承—转子系统的建模方法 ........................................................... 16 2.2.1 基本结构 .................................................................................................... 16 2.2.2 DyRoBeS二维梁模型 .................................................................................. 17 2.2.3 Samcef三维实体模型 ................................................................................ 18 2.2.4 DyRoBeS和Samcef/Rotor建模对比分析 ................................................. 19 2.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 20