状语从句复习材料及巩固训练

句子的组成成分叫句子成分。

英语：句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种，还有插入语等成分。

1．由做谓语的动词在句子中称为谓语动词。

我看电视．“看”就是谓语．你正在上网．“上网”也是谓语．I see a girl.我看见一个女孩．“看见”"see"就是这个句子的谓语．而see也是个动词，所以就叫做谓语动词．
She is very beautiful.她很漂亮．"is"就是这个句子的谓语，也是动词．
2．而短语动词就是动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。

例如：
Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。

（turn off是短语动词）
3．非谓语动词，顾名思义，非谓语动词也是动词，但不能作谓语，只能作主语、表语、宾语、补语、状语、定语。

非谓语动词又分为动名词、不定式和分词。

Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
一．概说
状语从句在句子中作状语，修饰主语中的动词，形容词，和副词。

放在主句前用逗号隔开，主句之后，一般不用逗号。

状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。

按照其意义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句，比较状语从句。

le, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。

When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. Once you have got used to it, you will like it.I waited till he had finished his work
（1）when, as, while
when即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。

它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。

如：
When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同时）
When the lesson was over, we began our writing.（从句动作在前）
as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。

He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.
While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比
While he was in London, he studied music.
While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition.
while也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。

如：
He is tall while his brother is short.
当when, as, while表示“在…一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。

如：While (When或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.
（2）如果when和before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“当…时候” 和“在…之前”，而要译成“就”、“才”、“这时”等。

如：
The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the end.
He almost knocked me down before he saw me.
She had not been married many weeks when the man saw her and was struck by her beauty.
I was walking in the street when I saw him.
(3) by the time, each time, every time, immediately, the moment, the instant, the minute, soon after, shortly after都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。

如：
By the time he was fourteen, he had taught himself advanced mathematics.
Each time he came, he would call on me.
You must show him in immediately he comes.
I recognized him the moment I saw him.
4) till和until
①如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到…为止”。

如：
I worked till (until) he came back.
②如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词则用否定式的主句表示“直到…才”。

如：
I d idn’t go to bed until (till) he came back.
③放在句首表示强调时一般用until。

如：
Until he returns, nothing can be done.
（5）时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时表示将来时。

2、地点状语从句：Go back where you came from.
Wherever you go, you must write to your parents.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is too much, the poison and waste may do great harm to the things around us.
3原因状语从句：通常由连词：because, as, since, now that引导。

区别是: because：表示“因为”，直接而明确的原因和理由，语气最强，why提问的句子，一般都用because回答。

He didn’t come because he was ill.
Since you are here, you must do it.
since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱as：表示“因为”语气比because轻，引导从句可放主句前也可放主句后You needn’t go with me, as you are busy.
As I was afraid, I hid myself.
now that意思与since相似，表示“既然”。

Now that you are in High School, you will probably spend more in reading.
Now that all the guests have arrived, let’s have our dinner.
注意：
①在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since，如：
It was because he was ill that he didn’t go with us.
② because可以引导表语从句,而as, since不可以，这时状语一般都It’s because he is too lazy.是it, this, that
③ for也表示“因为”，但是并列连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。

It must be morning,for the birds are singing.
4、目的状语从句：
通常由that, so that, in order that, so…that, lest, in case（以防、免得）等引导：
He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus.
She married him so that she might tend and comfort him.
I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.
※目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may (might), can (could) should, will等情态动词。

lest (以免，免得), for fear that
I hid the book lest (=for fear that) he should see it.
5．结果状语从句
由that, so that, so…that, such…that引导：
It was very cold, so that the river froze.
The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts.
There were so many people (=such a lot of people) in the room that we could not get in.
6、条件状语从句:
由if, unless, as long as (=so long as) (只要), in case (that) (如果，万一)等引导：
If plastics and rubber are burned, they give off poisonous gases.
Unless you work hard, you will fail,
You can go out, as long as (so long as ) you promise to be back before eleven.
In case I forget, please remind me about that.
注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。

7、方式状语从句
由连词：as, as if, as though引导：
The teacher told the students to do as he did. Leave it as it is.
He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing.
I saw the man looking about him as if he wished to impress upon his mind everything.
as if和as though意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。

He treats me as if I were his own son.
He walked as if he were drunk.
8、比较状语从句由连词as…as, not so(as) …as, than等引导：
I hope it was as good as the one you lent me.
Actually the ocean floor are almost as irregular as the exposed land area.
No one can be more fit for his office than he is.
He can’t run so fast as s he.
注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比较状语从句
The more you study, the more you know.
The harder we work, the happier we feel.
The more you study, the more you know.
The harder we work, the happier we feel.
9、让步状语从句：
由though, although, as (虽然尽管), even if, even though, wh-ever, no matter-wh, whether引导. wh - ever whatever whoever whichever .whenever wherever however
no matter wh- no matter who ，no matter what，no matter which，no matter when，no matter where，no matter how
Though he is old, yet he is active.
Although most of the people agreed, some were not willing to accepted.
We wouldn’t lose heart even if we should fail ten times.
Whenever (=no matter when) you call on me, you are always welcome.
Wherever (no matter where) you work, you can always find time to study.
Take the one you like best, whichever (no matter which) it is.
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.
Whether he comes or not, we’ll discuss the problem this afternoon.
注意：（1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。

（2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与but连用，但可以与yet, still等连用，用来加强语气。

Though ( Although ) he was tired, yet (still) he went on working.
（3）as引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。

如：
Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign language.（表语提前）
Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）
Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward.
（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）
状语从句基础训练题
1. Not until all the fish died in the river __________how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize
B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize
D. didn’t the villagers realize
2. —Why do you drink so much coffee?
—Well, _________it doesn’t keep me awake in the nights; I see no harm in it.
A. although
B. if
C. unless
D. while
3. It was __________it rained heavily that they didn’t come.
A. as
B. because
C. for
D. since
4. Why not buy a cheaper one, _____________you don’t have enough money?
A. since
B. because
C. for
D. though
5. It is ten years ____________I left home.
A. when
B. after
C. since
D. as
6. He speaks English _____________he speaks his mother tongue.
A. so good as
B. as good as
C. so well as
D. as well as
7. Try _______he might, he couldn’t get out of difficulty.
A. when
B. where
C. till
D. as
8. __________I saw the computer, I showed great interest in it.
A. At first
B. For the first time
C. Until
D. The first time
9. I don’t think you’ll be able to understand this formula(公式) ____________you finish school.
A. as if
B. only when
C. even
D. even when
10. I often visited Tian’an Men Square ____________I was staying in Beijing.
A. until
B. during
C. while
D. throughout
11. He always thinks I’m wrong, _____________I may say.
A. no matter whatever
B. whatever
C. what
D. that
12. __________the rain has stopped, let’s continue to work.
A. For
B. Now that
C. That
D. Because
13. ____________, I am sure that the boy is honest.
A. Whatever people say
B. No matter people say
C. What people say
D. It doesn’t matter people say
14. I knew Mr. Green _____________I knew Mrs. Green.
A. long before
B. before long
C. long ago
D. after long
15. They waited __________it was dark bef ore leaving, _________they didn’t want anyone to see them leave.
A. since; because
B. until; as
C. unless; for
D. so; because
16. __________often you ring, no one will answer.
A. How
B. However
C. Whom
D. Whenever
17. I will never stop ______________they might like it.
A. no matter how
B. how
C. what
D. though
18. Father was ________busy in working __________he often forgot rest or meals.
A. very, that
B. so, that
C. such, as
D. enough, as
19. We made a decision __________there would be rain, we should stay at home.
A. that
B. if
C. that if
D. whether
20. I usually watch TV in the evening ____________I have to study for an examination.
A. because
B. unless
C. while
D. the moment
状语从句基础训练题
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