英汉语言对比抽象与具体ppt课件
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• A high degree of carelessness, pre-operative and post-operative, on the part of some of the hospital staff, took place.
24
• 5)缺乏数据会使准确的统计变得很困难。
Lack of figures may make it difficult to produce accurate statistics
Part V Abstract vs. Concrete
1
• I English: Abstract • II Chinese: Concrete
2
• Abstract style is used widely in English, especially in
• Social Science Works • Official Articals • Newspaper Remarks • Leagal Style • Commercial Letters
20
• 1)The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments.
• (= No news is good news) • 没有消息即表明有令人满意的进展。
21
• 2)Was this the realization of an anticipated liability?
• have it in for somebody • Bob has it in for George because George told
the teacher that Bob cheated in the exam.
15
Why Abstract style is so popular in English?
the modification of the system Байду номын сангаасf administration.
11
• 2). 行政管理工作已变得越来越困难了，每年都证 明确实如此。 Every year shows again how true it is that---
• No year passes now without evidence of the truth of the statement that the work of government is becoming increasingly difficult.
3
• Translate the following sentences: • 1 管理体制需要改革，这已越来越清楚了。 • 2. 行政管理工作已变得越来越困难了，每年都证
明确实如此。 • 3只要有什么恶作剧，总免不了有彼得在内。 • 4我知道他在申请公司的一个职位。 • 5要是你妈妈看到你的裤子撕破了，你准得吃苦头。 • 6如果这次买卖可以赚到钱，我打算凑一份 • 7因为乔治向老师报告鲍勃考试作弊，鲍勃就对乔
• (=Did you expect you would have to do this?) • 你有没有预料到你必须做这件事？
22
3)必须等到有了这批新设备，才能购买这批货
The purchase should not be completed until the new facilities are available.
18
• 2 Abatract mind is regarded as superior mind which is a mark of civilized man.
19
As O. Jesperson pointed out:
Civilization means among other things increase of abstrct terms and decrease of superfluous special words. The more advanced a language is, the more developed is its power of expressing abstract or general ideas.
The lack of figures may prove to be an obstacle to the efficiency of the whole of the proposed statistical content of the exercise.
25
• II Application of abstract words can avoid subjective mood.
The actual date of the completion of the purchase should coincide with the availability of the new facilities.
23
• 4)医院某些医护人员在手术前后都非常粗心
• Some of the hospital staff were very careless both before and after the operation.
12
• 2 Preparation
•
介词本来就是虚词，在英语里十分活跃。介
词可构成各种各样的短语或成语，其意义有时虚
幻得难以捉摸。
13
• 1) 只要有什么恶作剧，总免不了有彼得在内。 • be in at • If any mischief was going forward, Peter was sure to
30
Concrete Chinese
The concern with abstraction characteristic of ancient Greek philosophy has no counterpart in Chinese philosophy. Chinese philosophers quite explicitly favored the most concrete sense impressions in understanding the world. In fact, the Chinese language itself is remarkably concrete.
3) Beauty is Truth, Truth Beauty
27
• III Many abstract nouns which are derived
from adjectives and verbs can produce
miniaturization of complex structures.
be in at it.
• 2) 我知道他在申请公司的一个职位。 • be in for • I understand he’s in for a job in the company
• 3) 要是你妈妈看到你的裤子撕破了，你准得吃苦头。 • be in for it • When your mother sees your torn trousers, you’ll be
• 1）读写能力 • literacy
• 2）把---从其所处的环境（语境）中分离出来 • decontextualization
• 3）冒险把危急局势推到局限，玩弄边缘政策的手 法
• brinkmanship
7
• 4）不用脑子，愚笨，无知；不注意，粗心大意； 无需动脑筋
• mindlessness
26
1) Survival of the Fittest Those individuals of a species are preserved that are best adapted for their enviroments
2) Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
治怀恨在心。
4
•
Abstract English
• Main Characteristics: • 1 Norminalization
• 2 Preparation
5
• 1 Norminalization • 1.1 prefix and suffix • 1.2 lexicalization
6
in for it
14
• 4) 如果这次买卖可以赚到钱，我打算凑一份。 • in on • If there’s any profit to be got out of the deal,
I’m going to be in on it.
• 5)因为乔治向老师报告鲍勃考试作弊，鲍勃就对 乔治怀恨在心。
• The lack of standadization of manners results in an often angry, chaotic society. (College English)
29
• Conclusion:
• Abstract style is used excessively in English. Some stylists recommend mixed diction
•
31
• 1.汉语的哲学背景是儒、道、佛的悟性。悟性有 直觉性和形象性的特征，因而中国人自古以来就 擅长直觉思维和形象思维。采用意象-联想-类比 来替代概念-判断-推理的逻辑论证。
•
They put greater emphasisi on sense,
feeling,impression,imaginery,figuration,metaphor
16
• I Abstract Mind • 1 Logical and rational-----abstract
17
As O. Jesperson pointed out:
An Englishman does not like to commit himself by being enthusiastic or too distressed, and his language accordingly grows sober, too sober perhaps, and even barren when the object is to express emotions.
• 5）保护消费者利益运动；（主张以消费刺激经济 的）消费主义
• consumerism
• 6）新闻节目主持人的语言风格或用语 • anchormanese
8
•
An excessive reliance on the noun at the
expense of the verb will, in the end, detach the
9
•
这类名词含义概括，指称笼统，覆盖面广，
往往有一种“虚、泛、隐、暗、曲”的魅力，因
而便于用来表达复杂的思想和微妙的情绪。
10
• 1). 管理体制需要改革，这已越来越清楚了。 • It is becoming clear that the administrative
system must be modified • The signs of the times point to the necessity of
•
Jesperson said "this is handy expressions
for complex thoughts".
28
• 最基本礼貌的缺乏会导致一个愤怒与混乱的社会。
• The fact that we lack manners which are standardized results in an often angry, chaotic society.
mind of the writer from the realities of here and
now, from when and how and in what mood the
thing was done, and intensibly induce a habit of
abstraction, generalization and vagueness.
24
• 5)缺乏数据会使准确的统计变得很困难。
Lack of figures may make it difficult to produce accurate statistics
Part V Abstract vs. Concrete
1
• I English: Abstract • II Chinese: Concrete
2
• Abstract style is used widely in English, especially in
• Social Science Works • Official Articals • Newspaper Remarks • Leagal Style • Commercial Letters
20
• 1)The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments.
• (= No news is good news) • 没有消息即表明有令人满意的进展。
21
• 2)Was this the realization of an anticipated liability?
• have it in for somebody • Bob has it in for George because George told
the teacher that Bob cheated in the exam.
15
Why Abstract style is so popular in English?
the modification of the system Байду номын сангаасf administration.
11
• 2). 行政管理工作已变得越来越困难了，每年都证 明确实如此。 Every year shows again how true it is that---
• No year passes now without evidence of the truth of the statement that the work of government is becoming increasingly difficult.
3
• Translate the following sentences: • 1 管理体制需要改革，这已越来越清楚了。 • 2. 行政管理工作已变得越来越困难了，每年都证
明确实如此。 • 3只要有什么恶作剧，总免不了有彼得在内。 • 4我知道他在申请公司的一个职位。 • 5要是你妈妈看到你的裤子撕破了，你准得吃苦头。 • 6如果这次买卖可以赚到钱，我打算凑一份 • 7因为乔治向老师报告鲍勃考试作弊，鲍勃就对乔
• (=Did you expect you would have to do this?) • 你有没有预料到你必须做这件事？
22
3)必须等到有了这批新设备，才能购买这批货
The purchase should not be completed until the new facilities are available.
18
• 2 Abatract mind is regarded as superior mind which is a mark of civilized man.
19
As O. Jesperson pointed out:
Civilization means among other things increase of abstrct terms and decrease of superfluous special words. The more advanced a language is, the more developed is its power of expressing abstract or general ideas.
The lack of figures may prove to be an obstacle to the efficiency of the whole of the proposed statistical content of the exercise.
25
• II Application of abstract words can avoid subjective mood.
The actual date of the completion of the purchase should coincide with the availability of the new facilities.
23
• 4)医院某些医护人员在手术前后都非常粗心
• Some of the hospital staff were very careless both before and after the operation.
12
• 2 Preparation
•
介词本来就是虚词，在英语里十分活跃。介
词可构成各种各样的短语或成语，其意义有时虚
幻得难以捉摸。
13
• 1) 只要有什么恶作剧，总免不了有彼得在内。 • be in at • If any mischief was going forward, Peter was sure to
30
Concrete Chinese
The concern with abstraction characteristic of ancient Greek philosophy has no counterpart in Chinese philosophy. Chinese philosophers quite explicitly favored the most concrete sense impressions in understanding the world. In fact, the Chinese language itself is remarkably concrete.
3) Beauty is Truth, Truth Beauty
27
• III Many abstract nouns which are derived
from adjectives and verbs can produce
miniaturization of complex structures.
be in at it.
• 2) 我知道他在申请公司的一个职位。 • be in for • I understand he’s in for a job in the company
• 3) 要是你妈妈看到你的裤子撕破了，你准得吃苦头。 • be in for it • When your mother sees your torn trousers, you’ll be
• 1）读写能力 • literacy
• 2）把---从其所处的环境（语境）中分离出来 • decontextualization
• 3）冒险把危急局势推到局限，玩弄边缘政策的手 法
• brinkmanship
7
• 4）不用脑子，愚笨，无知；不注意，粗心大意； 无需动脑筋
• mindlessness
26
1) Survival of the Fittest Those individuals of a species are preserved that are best adapted for their enviroments
2) Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
治怀恨在心。
4
•
Abstract English
• Main Characteristics: • 1 Norminalization
• 2 Preparation
5
• 1 Norminalization • 1.1 prefix and suffix • 1.2 lexicalization
6
in for it
14
• 4) 如果这次买卖可以赚到钱，我打算凑一份。 • in on • If there’s any profit to be got out of the deal,
I’m going to be in on it.
• 5)因为乔治向老师报告鲍勃考试作弊，鲍勃就对 乔治怀恨在心。
• The lack of standadization of manners results in an often angry, chaotic society. (College English)
29
• Conclusion:
• Abstract style is used excessively in English. Some stylists recommend mixed diction
•
31
• 1.汉语的哲学背景是儒、道、佛的悟性。悟性有 直觉性和形象性的特征，因而中国人自古以来就 擅长直觉思维和形象思维。采用意象-联想-类比 来替代概念-判断-推理的逻辑论证。
•
They put greater emphasisi on sense,
feeling,impression,imaginery,figuration,metaphor
16
• I Abstract Mind • 1 Logical and rational-----abstract
17
As O. Jesperson pointed out:
An Englishman does not like to commit himself by being enthusiastic or too distressed, and his language accordingly grows sober, too sober perhaps, and even barren when the object is to express emotions.
• 5）保护消费者利益运动；（主张以消费刺激经济 的）消费主义
• consumerism
• 6）新闻节目主持人的语言风格或用语 • anchormanese
8
•
An excessive reliance on the noun at the
expense of the verb will, in the end, detach the
9
•
这类名词含义概括，指称笼统，覆盖面广，
往往有一种“虚、泛、隐、暗、曲”的魅力，因
而便于用来表达复杂的思想和微妙的情绪。
10
• 1). 管理体制需要改革，这已越来越清楚了。 • It is becoming clear that the administrative
system must be modified • The signs of the times point to the necessity of
•
Jesperson said "this is handy expressions
for complex thoughts".
28
• 最基本礼貌的缺乏会导致一个愤怒与混乱的社会。
• The fact that we lack manners which are standardized results in an often angry, chaotic society.
mind of the writer from the realities of here and
now, from when and how and in what mood the
thing was done, and intensibly induce a habit of
abstraction, generalization and vagueness.