高中英语译林版必修4Unit2Section3

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．You will have to go early; otherwise (不然), you may not get a seat.
2．It shouldn't take too long to get back to our old routine(惯例)．
3．Such heavy goods are expensive to transport (运输) by plane.
4．I had two slices of toast (烤面包片) at breakfast.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
5．citizen n．公民；居民→citizenship n．公民权利；公民身份6．association n．协会，社团；关联；联想→associate v t.把……联系在一起7．origin n．起源，起因；出身→original adj.起初的
8．outdoors ad v.往户外，在户外→indoors (反义词)在室内，往室内9．frequent adj.频繁的，经常发生的→frequently ad v.频繁地10．technique n．技术，工艺，技巧→technician n．技术人员
[巧记单词]
例词规律
派生词citizen＋-ship→citizenship n.＋-ship→n. frequent＋-ly→frequently adj.＋-ly→ad v.
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．get around旅行，到处走动
2．plenty of 许多，大量
3．at least 至少
4．take a shower 淋浴
5．protect ..._from ... 保护……免受……
6．by the way 顺便说一下
7．e up with 想出，提出
8．pay attention to 注意
9．change one's mind 改变主意
10．be true for 符合，适用于
11．be related to 与……有关
12．look out for 注意，当心……
13．be similar to 和……相似
14．be popular with 受到……的欢迎
15．stare at 凝视
16．play a role in 在……中发挥作用；在……中扮演角色
1．[教材原句]What we do know
我们真正知道的是它于十九世纪九十年代开始于英格兰。

[句型点拨]强调谓语动词。

[佳句赏析]What we do have to think about is human to human interaction in the era of social networking.
我们真正需要考虑的是在社交网络时代人与人之间的互动。

2．[教材原句]Many players believe table tennis is not only a physical game but a psychological game as well.
许多运动员认为，乒乓球运动不仅是一项体能运动，而且也是一项精神运动。

[句型点拨]并列连词not only ... but ... as well。

[佳句赏析]We should not only develop the areas along the coast, but the central and western areas as well.
我们不仅应该发展沿海地区，也应该发展中西部地区。

3．[教材原句]I hope this information will be of use to you.
我希望此信息将会对你有用。

[句型点拨]“be of＋n.”结构。

[佳句赏析]I hope to have frequent conversations with you, which will be of use to you.
我希望能常常同你谈谈，这会对你有用处。

1．(教材P27)When you have finished, try to e up with two more events for each category.
当你完成后，每一种类尽量再提出两个项目。

e up with想出，提出(主意、计划、回答等)
①He came up with some good ideas for the product promotion.
他想出了一些推广产品的好主意。

②Have you e_up_with some new ideas about the universe recently?
最近你提出了一些宇宙新观念吗？
[名师点津] e up with“提出，想出”，其主语是sb.；e up “被提出”，其主语是sth., 如问题、观点、建议等。

③Some new issues came up at the conference.
在会上一些新问题被提出来。

[联想发散]请完成下列与e有关的常用短语。

①e about发生
②e across (偶然)遇见/发现
③e true 成为现实，实现
④e out 出来；长出；出版；结果是
⑤e to 共计；达成；苏醒
2．(教材P31)Otherwise, you may hurt yourself.
否则，你可能会伤着你自己。

otherwise adv.& conj.否则，不然；除此之外，在其他方面
①Turn off the gas when the milk boils.Otherwise it will be spilt.
牛奶煮沸后就关掉煤气，不然牛奶会溢出来的。

②Seize the chance, otherwise you'll regret.
抓住这个机会吧，否则你会后悔的。

[名师点津](1)otherwise用作连词时可与or互换。

(2)otherwise用于虚拟语气中。

这种虚拟语气的句子称为含蓄条件句。

③He is ill, otherwise he would still be working instead of lying here.
他生病了，否则他会仍然在工作而不是躺在这儿。

④We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we would_have_been_here by lunch time.
我们在机场耽搁了，否则午饭前就可以到这里了。

3．(教材P35)Read these leaflets from the Sports Association, and pare them with his/her daily routine.
阅读这些来自运动协会的传单，把它们与他/她的日常生活作一下比较。

association n．协会，社团；关联；联想
(1)in association with与……有关联，与……联合
association with ... 和……的关联/交往；……的联想
(2)associate v t.联想，联系
n. 同事
associate ... with ... 把……和……联系起来
(3)associated adj. 有关联的，相关的
be associated with ... 和……有联系
①We are working in association with a number of local panies to raise money for the homeless.
我们与本地一些公司联合为无家可归的人筹款。

②She associated happiness with having money.
她把幸福和有钱联想到一起。

③In children's minds, summers are_associated_with picnics.
在孩子们看来，夏天总是和野餐连在一起的。

routine n．&.adj.常规(的)；例行公事(的)
④We must introduce some systems into our office routine.
我们必须在我们的日常公务中建立一些制度。

(1)daily routine日常生活；例行公事
as a matter of routine 定期
break the routine 打破常规
(2)routine tasks 日常工作
a routine test/check/examination
常规检测/检查/体检
⑤We must clean and repair machines as_a_matter_of_routine.
我们必须定期清洗和修理机器。

⑥This is just a routine medical examination, nothing to worry about.
这只是个常规体检，没什么可担心的。

4．(教材P36)The exact origin of table tennis is not known.
乒乓球运动的确切起源还不清楚。

origin n．(又作origins)起源，起因；出身
(1)have one's origin(s) in起源于
by origin 依据血缘；从血缘来看
in origin 本质上；从起源上看
(2)original adj. 原来的，起初的
①This book is about the origins of life on earth.
该书是关于地球上生命的起源的。

②Many of the environmental problems had their origins in fierce economic petition.
许多环境问题起源于激烈的经济竞争。

③Many Americans are African by_origin.
许多美国人是非洲血统。

④Some Japanese words are Chinese in_origin.
有些日本文字起源于中文。

5．Many players believe table tennis is not only a physical game but a psychological game as well.
许多运动员认为，乒乓球运动不仅是一项体能运动，而且也是一项精神运动。

not only ... but (also) ...表示“不但……而且……”，这是一个连词词组，用来连接两个并列的成分，如主语、宾语或谓语等。

此句型中，but also可用but ... as well代替。

(1)not only ...but also连接两个相同的句子成分。

(2)but also可连用，也可分开；also还可以省略。

(3)连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的形式应与就近的一个保持一致。

(4)not only后接句子放在句首时，它所在的分句要用部分倒装结构，但是but also所在的分句不倒装。

①Jackie Chan is not only an actor but also a director.
成龙不仅是演员，而且还是导演。

②Such a change would improve not only his social image but his health as well.
这样的变化不仅会提高他的社会形象，而且会改善他的健康。

③Not only you but also she has_to_attend the ceremony.
不仅你而且她也得参加典礼。

④Not only has_the_poor_man_been_fined,_but also he has been sent to prison.
这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且他还被送进了监狱。

6．I hope this information will be of use to you.
我希望这个信息将会对你有用。

(1)本句中的be of use属于“be of＋n.”结构，相当于“be＋形容词”，类似的名词有value, help, use, importance, interest, benefit等，名词前面可用no, some, any, little, much, great 等修饰。

①Theory without practice is of little help.
没有实践的理论是没有什么帮助的。

(2)be of＋size/age/shape/length/depth/color/weight/ width/height/quality ...也可以表示事物的性质和特征，名词前一般加不定冠词或the same。

这个结构中的名词没有相应的形容词形式。

②They are of the same size but of a different color.
它们型号一样但颜色不同。

③Friends_of_my_age have gone to the city to try their fortune.
和我同龄的朋友们都去城市碰运气了。

Ⅰ.单项填空
1．She always ________ the smell of fresh bread with her aunt, who loved baking.
A．associated B．connected
C．attributed D．contributed
解析：选A句意：她总是把新鲜面包的味道与她婶婶联系起来，她婶婶很喜欢烤面包。

associate意为“(在思想上)把……联系在一起”，后常与with连用；connect意为“连接；联系”，指联系有形的物体；attribute意为“把……归因于；把(过错等)归于”，后接介词to; contribute意为“捐款，捐助”。

2．Everyone is trying to ________ a better idea to persuade him to stay.
A．put out B．e across
C．e up with D．put up with
解析：选C考查动词短语辨析。

句意：每个人都在努力想出一个更好的主意劝他留下。

put out“扑灭”；e across“偶遇”；e up with“提出，想出”；put up with“忍受”。

3．She likes doing things accordingly, and doesn't like her work ________ being interrupted.
A．drill B．load
C．regulation D．routine
解析：选D句意：她喜欢按部就班地做事情，不喜欢日常工作被打断。

drill“操练”；load“负荷”；regulation“规则”；routine“常规，例行公事，日常事务”。

4．Mr. Clark working in our pany is from the United States. But he is a Canadian by
________.
A．origin B．nature
C．source D．history
解析：选A句意：在我们公司工作的克拉克先生是从美国来的。

但论出身，他是加拿大人。

by origin“论出身”；by nature“天生的”。

5．—Did you get timely help from Jane?
—No. She was busy. Otherwise, we ________ what we wanted from her in time.
A．had got B．could have got
C．must have got D．would get
解析：选B otherwise“否则，要不然”，用在含蓄条件句中，此处是与过去事实相反的假设，所以用could have got。

6．—Why did you buy her a Teddy Bear as her birthday present?
—Because she ________ like it.
A．does B．did
C．doesn't D．didn't
解析：选A考查对谓语的强调。

句意：“为什么你送给她Teddy熊作生日礼物呢？”“因为她真的喜欢。

”她喜欢是一贯行为，故用现在时。

7．________ read newspapers for pleasure, but also to improve their minds.
A．Not only old men B．Not only old men do
C．Not only do old men D．Old men not only do
解析：选C考查倒装语序。

not only位于句首(不是修饰主语)，它所在的句子用部分倒装语序，所以C项正确。

8．Children need friends________their own age to play with.
A．of B．for
C．in D．at
解析：选A考查介词搭配。

of与age构成固定搭配。

friends of their own age意思是“他们的同龄朋友们”。

Ⅱ.语境翻译
当我们运输(transport)东西的时候，我们总是选择卡车。

但是现在人们外出(outdoors)时喜欢选择原始的(original)交通方式，像自行车。

它确实不仅(not only)对我们的健康而且(but also)对环境有好处。

当有些人提出(e up with)类似这样的低碳生活的时候，很多人创建了协会(association)来支持这个观点。

When we transport things, we always choose trucks. But nowadays people like to choose original transportation like bikes when they go outdoors. It does do good for not only our health but our environment. When someone came up with low-carbon life like this, many people created associations to approve of this idea.
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Ⅰ.单项填空
1. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ________ a goal.
A．had scored B．scored
C．would score D．would have scored
解析：选D考查虚拟语气及动词的时态。

句意：他在踢球前犹豫了一下，要不然的话他就进球得分了。

这是otherwise引起的虚拟语气，由hesitated可以看出这是发生在过去的事情，在主句中对于过去的虚拟，谓语动词应该用would have done，故选D项。

2．I will appreciate it if you ________ a good way to promote our new products.
A．e up with B．put up with
C．catch up with D．keep up with
解析：选A考查短语辨析。

e up with“想出，提出”；put up with“忍受”；catch up with“赶上”；keep up with“跟上，不落后”。

理解句意可知，题干表示“你要是想出一个
宣传我们产品的好办法，我会很感激的”，因此A项符合句意。

3．—She locks the door and places a table against it before she goes to bed every night.
—But is ________ necessary to be so cautious?
A．she B．that
C．it D．this
解析：选C本题考查it用法。

分析句子结构和理解句意“但是有必要如此小心吗”可知，to be so cautious是真正的主语，前面应该用it作形式主语，故选C项。

4．We always keep ________ spare paper, in case we run out.
A．too much B．a number of
C．plenty of D．a good many
解析：选C paper为不可数名词，排除B项和D项，句意应为“充足的纸”而不是“太多的纸”，所以用plenty of。

5．Christmas Day is usually celebrated on December 25th ________ the birth of Jesus Christ.
A．in praise of B．in honour of
C．in terms of D．in association with
解析：选B考查介词短语辨析。

句意：人们通常把十二月二十五日定为圣诞日以纪念耶稣基督的诞辰；in praise of“称赞”；in honour of “纪念”；in terms of “在……方面”；in association with“与……在一起，与……联合”。

6．They've ________ the old train station into a science museum.
A．transported B．transmitted
C．transplanted D．transformed
解析：选D考查动词词义辨析。

句意：他们已经把那个旧火车站改造成了一座科学博物馆。

transport“运输”；transmit“传播，传送，(疾病的)传染”；transplant“移植，移栽”；transform“改造，改观”。

根据句意选D项。

7．When he arrived in America, he was surprised to know that the mayor of the city was Chinese by ________.
A．cause B．reason
C．tradition D．origin
解析：选D考查名词词义辨析。

cause“起因，理由”；reason“原因，理由”；tradition“传统”；origin“起源，由来”，符合题意。

句意：当他到达美国时，他惊讶地得知这个城市的市长竟然是华人。

8．The experiences are ________ to your children, so just let them take part in these outdoor activities.
A．much significance B．of much significance
C．of very significant D．much significant
解析：选B本题考查“of＋抽象名词”的用法。

be of much significance表示“很有意义的”。

9．________ only do I know her, but I am her best friend who can share her joy and sorrow.
A．If B．Even
C．Not D．Too
解析：选C考查常用短语的用法。

not only ...but (also)．..“不但……而且”为并列连词，连接两个并列分句。

not only 位于句首时，它所引导的分句用部分倒装结构。

10．—Jack, you seem in high spirits.
—________ We won the match 4-0.
A．Guess what? B．So what?
C．No wonder. D．No doubt.
解析：选A考查交际用语。

根据第一句可判断，第二句表示“猜猜发生什么事情了？我们以4比0赢了比赛”。

故选A项。

B项表示“那又怎么样”；C项表示“难怪，怪不得”；D项表示“无疑，很可能”。

均不符合语境。

Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Recently, a group of scientists and psychologists decided to find out what the funniest joke in the world was. This was obviously a difficult task, as no two people ever really agree about what is funny and what is not — especially when they're from different countries.
Here is the joke they chose as the funniest joke in the world. Two hunters are in the woods. One of them falls to the ground. He doesn't seem to be breathing. The other hunter takes out his mobile phone and calls emergency services.“My friend is dead! What can I do？” The operator says, “Don't worry. First, make sure he's dead.” Here is a silence. Then a shot is heard. Bang! The hunter's voice es back on the line：“OK, now what？”
This is perhaps slightly amusing. Culturally, it depends on us knowing that often hunters are not considered to be very intelligent people, and that often they are quite violent. But perhaps this is not so all over the world. It's quite a “black” joke. The experts also found the second funniest joke: Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson go on a camping trip. After dinner, they go to sleep. Some hours later, Holmes wakes up.“Watson, what do you see？”
“Millions of stars，” replies Watson.
“And what do you infer from that？”
“Well, there are billions of planets ...We are a small part of the universe ...We will have a beautiful day tomorrow ...”
“Watson, you idiot (笨蛋)! Someone has stolen our tent！”
I personally think this is better. Understanding this joke, however, depends on us knowing who Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson are. It also has an unexpected ending — something that is very important and necessary for most jokes. Surprise can be funny.
What's funny on the Earth? Scientists are excellent at studying plicated (复杂的) things. Some things are much too plicated, even for the most intelligent though.
语篇解读：什么笑话最好笑呢？本文作者举了两个例子来说明理解笑话的因素。

1．It is difficult to find the funniest joke in the world because ________.
A．there are too many jokes to choose from
B．those experts cannot agree with each other
C．people across the world create new jokes every day
D．people's standards of what is funny are not the same
解析：选D细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句可知，要想找到世界上最好笑的笑话很难，这是因为人们对此的评判标准不一样。

2．In the author's opinion, the first joke ________.
A．is really funny and amusing
B．is not as funny as those experts thought
C．shows people's wrong understanding of hunters
D．tells readers never to look down on brave hunters
解析：选B推理判断题。

根据第三段第一句可知，作者认为这个笑话只是略微好笑，而第二段中提到专家们将这个笑话选为世界上最好笑的笑话。

由此可推知，作者认为这个笑话没有专家们认为的那么好笑。

3．Which of the following influences the understanding of a joke most?
A．The reader's mood.
B．The reader's cultural background.
C．The characters' style of language.
D．The number of funny points in the joke.
解析：选B细节理解题。

根据第三段第二句和倒数第二段第二句可知，读者的文化背景是理解笑话的最重要的因素。

4．In most cases, the pletely necessary point of a joke is ________.
A．a result beyond expectation
B．the mention of great people
C．extremely funny behavior
D．the use of special phrases
解析：选A细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段第三句可知，出乎意料的结尾对大多数笑话来说是必不可少的。

B
Anger is not wrong.I know this statement seems shocking and challenges the wildly popular “Positive Thinking” movement, which encourages us to “be full of positive energy” and “let go of our anger”．However, the truth is that anger is just an emotion, and emotions are neither right nor wrong.We do not consciously choose them.We do, on the other hand, choose how we express our emotions and there are definitely right and wrong means of expression.
The reason we're often urged to “keep_a_lid_on” our anger is that few people ever learn proper and positive ways to express anger.Instead, we are taught that “anger is wrong”and “you should keep your anger inside”．But these messages don't change the fact that, for most of us, anger exists.
Many popular “Positive Thinking” programmes assume that success es from “controlling our emotions”and that this can be done by simply repeating positive statements.Interestingly,these positive slogans often include a lot of negativity. “Only losers plain！I am a winner！” is one popular saying.The belief that those who disagree with us are losers is actually quite negative and is often used as an excuse for rude language and personal attacks.
When it es to dealing with negative situations in our daily lives, the ability to reasonably express anger or disagreement is an important skill.But we must use balanced and non-violent methods to express our dissatisfaction.Frustration at unfair policies or treatment can certainly cause anger, but our anger can never be an excuse for abusing family members, damaging schools, attacking doctors or most seriously, engaging in terrorism.
Instead of pretending that anger doesn't exist, we should start teaching appropriate means of dealing with anger.When we experience angry feelings in ourselves or others, what we should “let go of ” is the silly idea that we can remove anger with just a few sweet words.Instead, we should find reasonable solutions to the causes of those angry feelings.We need to accept anger as a natural emotion but stop using it as an excuse for violent and destructive
A．It can help people control their negative feelings.
B．It does not offer useful solutions for dealing with anger.
C．Following such advice can improve people's chances for success.
D．Most of the people who participate in such programmes are dishonest.
解析：选B细节理解题。

根据文章第三段内容可知，作者认为“Positive Thinking”只不过是让人重复积极的话，有时还会有消极作用，对解决愤怒问题没有帮助。

故选B项。

6. The underlined expression “keep a lid on” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．freely express B．always forgive
C．hold inside D．pletely forget
解析：选C短语猜测题。

根据画线短语后“few people ever learn proper and positive ways to express anger.Instead, we are taught that‘anger is wrong’and‘you should keep your anger inside’．”可知，此处是让人们隐藏愤怒的意思。

故选C项。

7. What information would have been useful to add to the final paragraph?
A．The names of some good books that talk about anger issues.
B．The viewpoints of people who hold the opposite opinion to the writer.
C．Different studies that provide some evidence supporting the writer's beliefs.
D．Some examples of how to deal with anger in a positive and beneficial way.
解析：选D推理判断题。

最后一段主要论述了我们应该妥善地处理愤怒，所以接下来应该会介绍一些具体的处理愤怒的方法、例子等。

故选D项。

8．The content of this passage is mostly based on________.
A．fact B．opinion
C．theory D．story
解析：选B写作手法题。

分析文章内容可知，本文是基于作者的个人见解。

对“Positive Thinking”和正确处理愤怒的方法展开论述的，故选B项。