2019高考英语(西安)阅读理解(2)及解析或解析(11月)

2019高考英语（西安）阅读理解（2）及解析或解析（11月）
阅读理解、专题训练(**)、议论文的阅读(3)
阅读以下文章，按要求完成读写任务
Healthy knees aren't the main consideration in choosing high heels，but new research says chunky heels are just as bad for the knees as spindly stilettos(细高跟鞋)、“It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis (骨关节炎)—and once you do it，it is too late，” said Dr.Casey Kerrigan，leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School's department of physical medicine.“I compare it to smoking—one cigarette is not painful，but over a lifetime it is.Wide ­heeled shoes feel comfortable，so women wear them all day long，” Kerrigan said.“They are better for your feet than stiletto heels，but just as bad for your knees.”
In the study，researchers had twenty women wear two pairs of shoes with three­inch heels，one with a narrow heel and the other with a thick one.The scientists compared how much pressure was put on the women's knees by both types of shoes.The women also walked bare­foot to test normal pressure.The scientists found withwalkingbarefoot，theheelsincreasedpressureontheinsideofthekneeby26percent.Increasedpre ssureonthekneeeventuallyleadstoarthritis，expertssay.
Theideathathighheelsarebadforyourhealthisn'tnew­scientistshavewarnedwomenforyearsthattheycontributetoproblemsrangingf romcornstohammertoes，tendonitis，kneepain，sprained(扭
伤)anklesandbackproblems.Butin1998，KerriganandateamofHarvardresearcherswerethefirsttolinkhighheelsandkne eosteoarthritis，apainfuljointdiseasethatdestroyscartilage(软
骨)surroundingtheknee.Thefirststudylookedonlyatstilettoheels，andKerrigansaidshewantedtostudythechunkyhigh­heeledshoesshenoticedmanywomenwearing.“Thisstudyconfirmswhatweallintuitively(直觉地)knowthathigh­heeledshoesofanykindarenotgoodforourhealth，”saidDr.GlemPfeffer，aSanFranciscodoctorandmemberoftheAmericanAcademyofOrthopaedicSurgeons whowasnotconnectedtothestudy.
Ⅰ.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选择最正确选项
1、Welearnfromthepassagethatwomenchoosechunkyheelsbecause________.
A、theywanttowalkcomfortably
B、chunkyheeledshoesarecheaperthanstilettoheeledpairs
C、chunkyheelsdolessharmtoknees
D、chunkyheelsarenotpainfulatall
2、Thestudymentionedinthesecondparagraphfoundthat________.
A、pressureonthefootiscausedbyhighheels
B、thepressureisabnormalwhilewalkingbarefoot
C、arthritisisalwayscausedbypressureontheknees
D、bothtypesofshoeshavethesameharmtotheknees
3、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.
A、peoplegottoknowthehighheelsarebadforhealthrecently
B、peoplehaveknownthehighheelsarebadforhealthforyears
C、peoplehaven'tknownthehighheelsarebadforhealthyet
D、peoplewillbewarnedthatthehighheelsarebadforhealthsoon
4、Kerrigan'slatestudylookedatthechunkyhigh­heeledshoesbecause________.
A、theyfeelmorecomfortable
B、theyarerelatedtokneeosteoarthritis
C、theyarewornbymanywomen
D、theyaredifferentfromstilettoheels
5、Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe________.
A、TalkingHealthyKneesintoConsideration
B、High­heelsDoHarmtoKnees
C、ChunkyHeelsandStilettoHeels
D、WhenWearingHigh­heels
参考答案
【三】
Ⅰ
Thepassagediscussestheideathathighheelshavebadeffectsonthekneesby surveyingandshowingsomefactsandthereasonsforit，sowhenchoosinghighheelsweshouldconsiderourhealthyknees.
Ⅱ
1、解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Wideheeledshoesfeelcomfortable，sowomenwearthemalldaylong”可知妇女选择粗高跟鞋是因为粗高跟鞋穿着舒服，A项与此意思相符。

答案：A
2、解析：推理判断题。

从第二段中的“Thescientistsfoundthatbothtypesofshoesappliedequalamountsofpressure totheknees.”可知，两种高跟鞋给膝关节带来的压力是等量的，所以它们对膝关节的伤害是一样的。

答案：D
3、解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段开头“Theideathathighheelsarebadforyourhealthisn'tnew—scientistshavewarnedwomenforyearsthat...”可知B项与此一致。

答案：B
4、解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Thefirststudylookedonlyatstilettoheels，andKerrigansaidshewantedtostudythechunkyhighheeledshoesshenoticedmany womenwearing.”可见，起初的研究对象只是细高跟鞋，Kerrigan后来对粗高跟鞋进行调查研究是因为她注意到许多妇女穿着粗高跟鞋。

答案：C
5、解析：主旨大意题。

本文主要论述了鞋跟粗厚的高跟鞋和鞋跟细高的高跟鞋一样，都对膝关节有损害。

所以B选项“高跟鞋伤害膝关节”是最正确选项。

答案：B
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故事类---[2018·重庆卷]
A
OneofmywonderfulmemoriesisaboutaChristmasgift.Unlikeothergifts,it camewithoutwrap(包装)、
OnSeptember11th,1958,MumgavebirthtoRichard.Aftershebroughthimhome fromhospital,sheputhiminmylap,saying,“Ipromisedyouagift,andhereitis.”Whatanhonor!Iturnedfouramonthearlierandnoneofmyfriendshadsuchababydol loftheirown.Iplayedwithitdayandnight.Isangtoit.Itolditstories.Itoldit overandoverhowmuchIlovedit!
Onemorning,however,Ifounditsbedempty.Mydollwasgone!Icriedforit.Mu mweptandtoldmethatthepoorlittlethinghadbeensenttoahospital.Ithadafeve r.Forseveraldays,IheardMumandDadwhisperingsuchwordsas“hopeless”，“pitiful”，and“dying”，whichsoundedominous.
Christmaswascoming.“Don'texpectanypresentsthisyear，”
Dadsaid,pointingatthesocksIhunginthelivingroom.“Ifyourbabybrotherlives,that'llbeChristmasenough.”
Ashespoke,hiseyesfilledwithtears.I'dneverseenhimcrybefore.
ThephonerangearlyonChristmasmorning.Dadjumpedoutofbedtoanswerit.F rommybedroomIheardhimsay,“What?He'sallright？”Hehungupandshoutedupstairs.“ThehospitalsaidwecanbringRichardhome！”
“ThankGod！”IheardMumcry.
Fromtheupstairswindow,Iwatchedmyparentsrushouttothecar.Ihadnevers eenthemsohappy.AndIwasalsofullofjoy.Whatawonderfulday!Mybabydollwould behome.Irandownstairs.Mysocksstillhungthereflat.ButIknewtheywerenotem pty;theywerefilledwithlove!
56.WhathappenedtotheauthoronSeptember11th,1958?
A.Hegotababybrother.
B.HegotaChristmasgift.
C.Hebecamefouryearsold.
D.Hereceivedadoll.
57.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ominous”inParagraph3probablymean?
A.Impossible.
B.Boring.
C.Difficult.
D.Fearful.
58.WhichwordcanbestdescribethefeelingofthefatherwhenChristmaswasc oming?
A.Excitement.
B.Happiness.
C.Sadness.
D.Disappointment.
59.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.AsadChristmasday.
B.Lifewithalovelybaby.
C.AspecialChristmasgift.
D.Memoriesofahappyfamily.
【要点综述】“我”四岁时母亲给了“我”一件特殊的圣诞礼物：人娃娃——我可爱的弟弟Richard。

但后来Richard发高烧差点夭折，经医院抢救得生，这使我更加珍爱我的“人娃娃”。

56.A细节理解题。

虽然表面上是有了一个娃娃，但事实上是有了亲弟弟。

57.D词义猜测题。

从该句前半部分中的“hopeless”，“pitiful”，and “dying”可知该词意思是“令人害怕的”。

虽然其他三个词均表示消极含义，但只有fearful表示“我”害怕“弟弟”离“我”而去。

58.C推理判断题。

从第四段最后两句
Ashespoke,hiseyesfilledwithtears.I’dneverseenhimcrybefore.可知父亲感到十分伤心。

59.C主旨大意题。

第一段一开始便定义我的弟弟Richard是一件特殊的圣诞礼物。

虽然弟弟Richard差点离我们而去，但后来还是得以平安回家，因此圣诞节并不悲惨。

B和D选项外延过大，此段材料只是截取生活中的一个片段，并非整个和Richard一起生活的全部。

*******************************************************结束人物传记类---[2018·上海卷]
(A)
PhilWhitehasjustreturnedfroman18,000mile,aroundthe-worldbicycletrip.Whitehadtworeasonsformakingthis epic journey.Firstofal l,hewantedtousethetriptoraisemoneyforcharity,whichhedid.Heraised ￡70,000fortheBritishcharity,Oxfam.White'ssecondreasonformakingthetri pwastobreaktheworldrecordandbecomethefastestpersontocyclearoundthewor ld.Heisstillwaitingtofindoutifhehasbrokentherecordornot.
WhitesetofffromTrafalgarSquare,inLondon,on19thJune2004andwasback2 99dayslater.Hespentmorethan1,300hoursinthe saddle(车
座)anddestroyedfoursetsoftyresandthreebikechains.Hehadtheadventureofh islifecrossingEurope,theMiddleEast,India,Asia,Australia,NewZealandand theAmericas.Amazingly,hedidallofthiswithabsolutelynosupportteam.Nojee pcarryingfood,waterandmedicine.Nodoctor.Nothing!Justabikeandavery,ver ylongroad.
Thejourneywaslonelyanddesperateattimes.Healsohadtofighthiswayacro ssdeserts,throughjunglesandovermountains.Hecycledthroughheavyrainsand temperaturesofupto45degrees,alltohelppeopleinneed.Therewereotherdange
rsalongtheroad.InIran,hewaschasedbyarmedrobbersandwasluckytoescapewit hhislifeandthelittlemoneyhehad.Theworstthingthathappenedtohimwashavin gtocycleintoaheadwindonaroadthatcrossesthesouthofAustralia.For1,000ki lometreshebattledagainstthewindthatwasconstantlypushinghim.Thispartof thetripwasslow,hardworkanddepressing,buthemadeitintheend.NowMr.Whitei sbackandintendstowriteabookabouthisadventures.
65.WhenPhilWhitereturnedfromhistrip,he________.
A.broketheworldrecord
B.collectedmoneyforOxfam
C.destroyedseveralbikes
D.travelledabout1,300hours
66.Whatdoestheword“epic”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?
A.Veryslowbutexciting.
B.Verylonganddifficult.
C.Verysmoothbuttiring.
D.Verylonelyanddepressing.
67.Duringhisjourneyaroundtheworld,PhilWhite________.
A.foughtheroicallyagainstrobbersinIran
B.experiencedtheextremesofheatandcold
C.managedtorideagainstthewindinAustralia
D.hadateamofpeoplewhotravelledwithhim
68.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribePhilWhite?
A.Imaginative.
B.Patriotic.
C.Modest.
D.Determined.
【要点综述】本文讲述了PhilWhite进行环球自行车旅行的原因及艰难历程。

65.B细节推断题。

根据第一段中…hewantedtousethetriptoraisemoneyforcharity,whichhedid.Heraised
￡70,000fortheBritishcharity,Oxfam.可推断为Oxfam筹资。

66.B词义猜测题。

根据第二段第二句和第三句可判断旅程很长也很艰难。

67.C细节理解题。

根据第三段中
For1,000kilometreshebattledagainstthewindthatwasconstantlypushinghim.可判断PhilWhite设法迎着风骑车。

68.D推理判断题。

根据全文及末段中
Thispartofthetripwasslow,hardworkanddepressing,buthemadeitintheend.可判断，虽然路途艰难，但是他坚持到了最后，说明他是有决心的。

***********************************************************结束人物传记类---[2018·四川卷]
C
IleftuniversitywithagooddegreeinEnglishLiterature,butnosenseofwha tIwantedtodo.Overthenextsixyears,I_was_treading_water,_justtryingtoea rnanincome.Itriedjournalism,butIdidn’
tthinkIwasanygood,thenfinance,whichIhated.Finally,Igetajobasarightsas sistantatafamouspublisher.Ilovedworkingwithbooks,althoughthejobthatId
idwasdull.
Ihadenoughsavingstotakeayearoffwork,andIdecidedtotrytosatisfyadee p-
downwishtowriteanovel.AttendingaNovelWritingMAcoursegavemethestructur eIneededtowritemyfirst55,000words.
Ittakesconfidencetomakeanewstart－there’sadarkperiodin-betweenwhereyou’reneitheronethingnortheother.You’reoutfordinnerandpeopleaskwhatyoudo,andyou’retooashamedtosay,“Well,I’mwritinganovel,butI’mnotquitesureifI’mgoingtogetthere.”Myconfidencedived.Believingmynovelcouldnotbepublished,Iputitaside.
TheImetanagent(代理
商)whosaidIshouldsendmynovelouttoagents.So,Ididand,tomysurprise,gotso mewonderfulfeedback.IfeltalittlehopethatImightactuallybecomeapublishe dwriterand,aftersigningwithanagent,Ifinishedthesecondhalfofthenovel.
Thenextproblemwasfindingapublisher.Aftertwoanda-halfyearsofnoincome,justwaitingandwondering,apublisherofferedmeabookd eal－thatpublisherturnedouttobetheoneIonceworkedfor.
Itfeelslikeanunbelievablestrokeofluck—
offate,really.Whenyousetouttodosomethingdifferent,there'snoendinsight ,sotofindmyselfinapositionwhereInowhavemyownnameonacontract(合
同)ofthepublisher—tobeapublishedwriter—isunbelievablyrewarding(有回报的)、
49.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1mean?
A、Iwaswaitingforgoodfortune.
B、Iwastryingtofindanadmirablejob.
C、Iwasbeingaimlessaboutasuitablejob.
D、Iwasdoingseveraljobsformorepayatatime.
50.Theauthordecidedtowriteanovel________.
A、tofinishthewritingcourse
B、torealizeherowndream
C、tosatisfyreaders’wish
D、toearnmoremoney
51.Howdidthewriterfeelhalfwaywiththenovel?
A、Disturbed.
B、Ashamed.
C、Confident.
D、Uncertain.
52.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellreadersinthelastparagraph?
A、Itpaystosticktoone’sgoal.
B、Hardworkcanleadtosuccess.
C、Shefeelslikebeingunexpectedlylucky.
D、Thereisnoendinsightwhenstartingtodosomething.
【要点综述】文章讲述了作者从英语文学专业毕业之后，不知道自己想要做什么，几经周折，最终幸运地找到了自己喜爱的职业。

49.C推理判断题。

根据前后文“butnosenseofwhatIwantedtodo”“justtryingtoearnanincome.Itriedjournalism,…
thenfinance,whichIhated.Finally,Igotajob…”可知作者不知道自己想要做什么，什么工作适合自己。

应选C。

50.B细节理解题。

根据第二段话“…Idecidedtotrytosatisfyadeep-downwishtowriteanovel.”可知作者决定写小说的目的只是满足自己内心深处的愿望，实现自己的梦想。

故答案为B。

51.D推理判断题。

根据文章第三段话“Ittakesconfidencetomakeanewstart”“Myconfidencedived”“Believingmynovelcouldnotbepublished,Iputitaside.”及本段表达了作者回答别人问题时提到“…I’mwritinganovel,butI’mnotquitesureifI’mgoingtogetthere.”可知，此时作者的感觉应该是还不能完全确定是否还要继续写小说。

故答案选D。

52.A推理判断题。

本段作者表达刚刚开始时“there’snoendinsight”到后来的“anunbelievablestrokeofluck”“tobeapublishedwriter—isunbelievablyrewarding(有回报的)”，想告诉读者，坚持自己的目标是值得的。

B项“刻苦努力是成功之路”，不符合文章意思。

C、D项停留于文章表面意思。

故答案为A。

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