江苏省兴化一中2020届高三英语第四次模拟考试试卷(含解析)

江苏省兴化一中2020届高三英语第四次模拟考试试卷（含解析）
总分:120分考试时间:120分钟
第一部分听力（共两节，满分 20 分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. 音频What time is it now?
A. 9：10.
B. 9：50.
C. 10：00.
【答案】A
【解析】听力选择题略
2. 音频What does the woman think of the weather?
A. It’s nice.
B. It’s warm.
C. It’s cold.
【答案】C
【解析】听力选择题略
3. 音频What will the man do?
A. Attend a meeting.
B. Give a lecture.
C. Leave his office.
【答案】A
【解析】听力选择题略
4. 音频What is the woman’s opinion about the course?
A. Too hard.
B. Worth taking.
C. Very easy.
【答案】B
【解析】听力选择题略
5. 音频What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Speak louder.
B. Apologize to her.
C. Turn off the radio.
【答案】C
【解析】听力选择题略
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

音频
6. How long did Michael stay in China?
A. Five days.
B. One week.
C. Two weeks.
7. Where did Michael go last year?
A. Russia.
B. Norway.
C. India.
【答案】6. B 7. A
【解析】听力选择题略
6. 听力选择题略
7. 听力选择题略
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

音频
8. What food does Sally like?
A. Chicken.
B. Fish.
C. Eggs.
9. What are the speakers going to do?
A. Cook dinner.
B. Go shopping.
C. Order dishes.
【答案】8. B 9. C
【解析】听力选择题略
8. 听力选择题略
9. 听力选择题略
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

音频
10. Where are the speakers?
A. In a hospital.
B. In the office.
C. At home.
11. When is the report due?
A. Thursday.
B. Friday.
C. Next Monday.
12. What does George suggest Stephanie do with the report?
A. Improve it.
B. Hand it in later.
C. Leave it with him.
【答案】10. B 11. A 12. B
10. 听力选择题略
11. 听力选择题略
12. 听力选择题略
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

音频
13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Salesperson and customer.
B. Homeowner and cleaner.
C. Husband and wife.
14. What kind of apartment do the speakers prefer?
A. One with two bedrooms.
B. One without furniture.
C. One near a market.
15. How much rent should one pay for the one bedroom apartment?
A. ＄350.
B. ＄400.
C. ＄415.
16. Where is the apartment the speakers would like to see?
A. On Lake Street.
B. On Market Street.
C. On South Street.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C
【解析】听力选择题略
13. 听力选择题略
14. 听力选择题略
15. 听力选择题略
16. 听力选择题略
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

音频
17. What percentage of the world’s tea exports go to Britain?
A. Almost 15%.
B. About 30%.
C. Over 40%.
18. Why do tea tasters taste tea with milk?
A. Most British people drink tea that way.
B. Tea tastes much better with milk.
C. Tea with milk is healthy.
19. Who suggests a price for each tea?
A. Tea tasters.
B. Tea exporters.
C. Tea companies.
20. What is the speaker talking about?
A. The life of tea tasters.
B. Afternoon tea in Britain.
C. The London Tea Trade Centre.
【答案】17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C
【解析】听力选择题略
17. 听力选择题略
18. 听力选择题略
19. 听力选择题略
20. 听力选择题略
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节单项填空（共15题；每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. Upon entering a “new era”, what we now face is the _______ between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life.
A. administration
B. violation
C. contradiction
D. presentation 【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：进入“新时代”，我们现在面临的是不平衡和不充分发展与人民对美好生活日益增长的需求的矛盾。

A. administration管理，施行；B. violation违反，妨碍；C. contradiction否认，反驳；D. presentation 展示，描述。

结合句意可知答案为contradiction。

22. Anyone with an eye on the employment situation knew the assessment about economic recovery _______ just around the corner was correct.
A. being
B. to be
C. was
D. having been
【答案】A
【解析】考查动名词。

句意：任何关注就业形势的人都知道，有关经济即将复苏的评估是正确的。

此处是现在分词短语做后置定语修饰economic recovery，意思是“即将来临的经济复苏”， economic recovery being just around the corner 做about的宾语，故选A。

23. Due to the country’s growing rate of urbanization, China’s migran t population _______ to be over 200 million by 2020.
A. predicts
B. is predicted
C. will have been predicted
D. will be predicted
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。

句意：由于中国城市化的速度不断提高，到2020年，中国的流动人口预计将超过2亿。

结合句意可知，用一般现在时态的被动语态，句子主语是population，单数第三人称形式，故答案为B。

该题容易误选D项，是现在预计，而不是将来预计，故用现在时态。

24. —Listening to language recording in bed seems like an easy way to _______ some new vocabulary.
—But does this learning method actually work?
A. polish up
B. make up
C. pick up
D. build up
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语。

句意：——在床上听语言录音似乎是一种很容易掌握新词
汇的方法。

——但是这种学习方法真的有用吗？A. polish up改善，润色；B. make up组成，编造；C. pick up偶然学到，收听到，捡起，搭车；D. build up增进，加强。

根据语境可知，答案为C。

25. Given the huge gap _______ economic development and cultural consciousness, young people find big cities are safer than small towns.
A. in view of
B. in case of
C. in consequence of
D. in respect of 【答案】C
26. Wolf Warrior 2, _______ director Wu Jing also starred in the lead role, is a first-class production, even by Hollywood standards.
A. where
B. which
C. whom
D. as
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。

句意：《战狼2》，导演吴京也主演了这部电影，即使按照好莱坞的标准，也是一流的制作。

此处Wolf Warrior 2是先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中做地点状语，表示“在Wolf Warrior 2里”，故选A。

27. —He is so delighted to make friends with Johnson.
—Oh, I see. That’s _______ they have much in common.
A. where
B. how
C. what
D. because
【答案】D
【解析】考查表语从句。

句意：——他很高兴能和约翰逊交朋友。

——啊，我知道。

那是因为他们有很多共同点。

此处用because表示“原因”，引导表语从句，故选D。

28. I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite _______.
A. arbitrary
B. reasonable
C. mechanical
D. conventional
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词。

句意：我不知道其中涉及到的关键点，所以我的选择是相当武断的。

A. arbitrary任意的；B. reasonable合情合理的；C. mechanical机械的，力学的；D. conventional传统的。

根据前一句可知，不知道涉及到的关键点，所以根据常理来说，这种选择是武断的，故答案为A。

29. The old road is indeed less direct and a bit longer. We won’t take the new one, _______, as we don’t feel safe on it.
A. somehow
B. otherwise
C. therefore
D. though
【答案】D
【解析】考查连接副词。

句意：这条老路确实不太直，而且长了一点。

不过，我们不会接受新的，因为我们在这上面感觉不安全。

A. somehow不知怎么地；B. otherwise否则；C. therefore因此；D. though然而。

此处表示转折，故选D。

30. Some analysts suspected that the rebellion was _______ and financed by
a western country.
A. launched
B. backed
C. evaluated
D. crushed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：一些分析人士怀疑，这场叛乱是由一个西方国家支持和资助的。

A. launched启动，发射；B. backed支持，使后退；C. evaluated 评估；D. crushed压碎。

根据语境，故选B。

31. —I am putting on weight again! Maybe I should start doing yoga. —You _______ that the whole morning!
A. are saying
B. have said
C. have been saying
D. were saying 【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。

句意：——我又胖了！也许我应该开始做瑜伽。

下句：你已经说了整个上午了！根据the whole morning可知，该动作持续做了整个早上，表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，用现在完成进行时态，故选C。

32. I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being _______ blind and deaf for a few days at some time in his life.
A. has been stricken
B. were stricken
C. had been
D. would be 【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。

句意：我经常想，如果每个人在他生命中的某个时候都被失明和失聪几天，那将是一件幸事。

分析句子可知，此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，句子用一般过去时态；再根据each human being和strike之间是被动关系，所以if句中用一般过去时态的被动语态，故选B。

【点睛】
1、对现在情况的假设：表示说话时不存在或与事实相反的情况。

形式：If+主语+did，主语+should/ would /could +do。

例句：If you knew English well, you would be able to talk with foreigners freely.（现在不能自由与外国人交谈）
2、对过去情况的假设：表示与过去事实相反的情况。

形式：If+主语+had done，主语+should/would /could + have done。

例句：If I had not studied hard, I might have failed in the exam.（事实是我通过考试了）
3、对将来情况的假设：表示将来实现可能性不大的情况。

形式：If+主语+did/were to do /should do，主语+should /would /could do。

例句：If he should change his mind, what would we do?
if的省略：在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，这时从句需要采用倒装语序，即：将were, had, should等助动词提到主语前面，主句不做任何变化。

例句：Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
错综时间：所谓错综时间是指主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，这时，需要根据意思选用表示不同时间的虚拟语气形式。

例句：If I were you, I would have taken his advice.（从句表示现在时间，主句表示过去时间）我要是你，就听他的
建议了。

33. —Did Max go to the concert with his family yesterday?
—The report scheduled to be handed in tomorrow, he _______ it.
A. couldn’t have attended
B. needn’t have a ttended
C. wouldn’t attend
D. shouldn’t attend
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词表推测。

句意：——Max昨天和他的家人去听音乐会了吗？——这份报告定于明天提交，他不可能已经参加。

couldn’t have done表示对过去事情有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能已经做了某事”，故选A。

【点睛】
情态动词+ have done结构：
1. “must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测，语气比较坚定，通常只用于肯定句。

如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
2. “can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定，can 和could一般用于否定句和疑问句，could的语气较can弱。

如：He can't have finished the work so soon.
3. “may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，might的语气比may弱一点。

这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句，疑问句改用can或could。

如：They may not have known it beforehand.
4. “need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情，或过去做某事纯属多余。

如：I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
5. “should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做，其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了，这种句式含有不满或责备之意，ought to的语气比should强一些。

如：
You ought to / should have studied harder. 你本应该更努力学习的。

（但没有）He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that. 他本来就不该做那件事。

（可是做
了）
6. “would ＋ have ＋过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测，或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成，通常用来说明某一情况，但不像用should或ought to 那样含有责备之意。

如：
I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem. Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.
34. So ________ sometimes in trying to accomplish something big _______ we fail to notice the little things that give life its magic.
A. we get caught up; as
B. do we get caught up; that
C. caught up get we; as
D. caught up do we get; that
【答案】D
【解析】考查部分倒装。

句意：我们有时会试图去完成一些大的事情，以至于我们没有注意到那些给生命带来魔力的小事情。

本句运用了“so+形容词或副词+that引导的结果状语从句”句型，当“so+形容词或副词”位于句子开头时，其后用部分倒装，而that后面的句子不倒装。

故答案选D。

【点睛】
1.以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。

例如：
1)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
2)So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.
3)So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night.
注：在该结构中，“so +形容词”是表语的前置;“so +副词”是状语的前置。

2.“so+助动词+主语”倒装
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样使用与后者，通常就要用“so+助动词+主语”这一倒装结构。

You are young and so am I.你年轻，我也是。

She likes music and so do I.她喜欢音乐，我也是。

35. —Did you take sides when Mom and Dad were arguing again?
—No. I’ve learned that it’s best _______ until it blows over.
A. to call it a day
B. to pull their legs
C. to sit on the fence
D. to wash my hands off
【答案】C
【解析】考查习惯表达。

句意：——当爸爸妈妈又吵架的时候，你有没有站在一边？——没有。

我已经学会保持中立是最好的。

A. to call it a day今天到此为止；
B. to pull their legs你不是在开玩笑吧；
C. to sit on the fence脚踩两只船，保持中立；
D. to wash my hands off不干涉，不插手。

故选C。

第二节: 完形填空(共20 小题; 每小题1 分, 满分20 分)
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

In a fast-paced world driven by noise, excitement, and continuous connections due to technology, I think we’ve lost a(n) ___36___ for something essential to the human experience: Quiet.
I’m not talking about the libra ry style version of soft whispers, but about the soul-defining quiet of introspection(自省), of solitude and of being ___37___.
This past weekend, I found myself glued to my computer screen in a flurry (忙乱) of ___38___work to build my career. I was ___39___ social media and worrying about building my vision for tomorrow. Like so many evenings, the call of the internet had ___40___ me in, and the beautiful July night in Pennsylvania was ___41___—until my husband stepped in and reminded me that there’s more to life than noises, likes and followers.
We got into our truck and drove ten minutes to a local state park, a place that has ___42___our different stages of life through the years. Phones and computers ___43___, we spent the evening in nature, enjoying simple scenes
and ___44___ in the quiet of the setting.
Gone were the rings of notifications, the honking horns of cars flying by, and the ___45___ of YouTube videos. In their place, a silence ___46___ something we both know but sometimes lose ___47___ of: Life’s quiet, simple moments are sometimes the most beautiful.
In these peaceful moments, I found a(n) ___48___ with nature and with my husband. I found a reminder that there is a world ___49___ the computer and the ___50___ of our fast-paced life.
___51___, I was reminded that in these quiet moments, we were able to hear the most important voice: our own.
Our world ___52___ constant attention and engagement. We become so ___53___ to constantly connecting and engaging with others that we fail to appreciate something ___54___to our happiness: our inner voice.
So take a moment, take a break and take some time to find the quiet in your life. Let the quiet moments in life remind you that your inner voice ___55___ to be heard.
36. A. cooperation B. appreciation C. confidence D. opportunity
37. A. unfolded B. unconfirmed C. unplugged D. unaccompanied
38. A. regular B. simply C. desperate D. interesting
39. A. drowning in B. fond of C. curious about D. sensitive to
40. A. showed B. sucked C. forced D. led
41. A. acquired B. occupied C. ignored D. stressed
42. A. marked B. experienced C. presented D. undertaken
43. A. hung on B. turned on C. worn out D. shut off
44. A. trapped B. involved C. bathed D. anchored
45. A. existence B. draw C. impression D. separation
46. A. removed B. reflected C. restricted D. refreshed
47. A. touch B. sight C. control D. hope
48. A. connection B. imagination C. exploration D. prediction
49. A. against B. with C. beyond D. about
50. A. chaos B. values C. mess D. quality
51. A. In addition B. In short C. After all D. Above all
52. A. avoids B. desires C. transfers D. spells
53. A. opposed B. limited C. entitled D. addicted
54. A. glorious B. unique C. crucial D. superior
55. A. remains B. tends C. appears D. deserves
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. C 39. A 40. B 41. C 42. A 43.
D 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. A 51. D
52. B 53. D 54. C 55. D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。

在一个快节奏的世界里，由于科技的发展，我们对
人类的体验失去了一种理解：安静。

这是一种对人类体验至关重要的东西的欣赏。

本文作者的亲身体会到：我们变得如此沉迷于不断地联系和与他人交往，以至于我
们没有意识到对我们的幸福至关重要的东西：我们内心的声音。

36. 考查名词。

A. cooperation合作；B. appreciation欣赏；C. confidence自信；D. opportunity机会。

在一个快节奏的世界里，由于科技的发展，我们对人类
的体验失去了一种理解：安静。

这是一种对人类体验至关重要的东西的欣赏。

故选
B。

37. 考查形容词。

A. unfolded未折叠的；B. unconfirmed未证实的；C. unplugged
未堵塞的；D. unaccompanied无伴随的。

我说的不是图书馆风格的软低语，而是关
于反省，孤独和未堵塞的灵魂定义的安静。

这里指的是“不是把耳朵堵住造成的安静”，故选C。

38. 考查形容词。

A. regular有规律的；B. simply仅仅，只是；C. desperate令
人绝望的；D. interesting有趣的。

在刚刚过去的这个周末，我发现自己被粘在电
脑屏幕上，为了我的事业不顾一切地工作。

故选C。

39. 考查短语。

A. drowning in溺死在---之中；B. fond of喜爱；C. curious about 对---好奇；D. sensitive to对---敏感。

我沉溺在社交媒体上，担心自己为明天所建立的愿景。

故选A。

40. 考查动词。

A. showed展示；B. sucked吸；C. forced强迫；D. led引领。

就像许多晚上一样，互联网的召唤把我吸了进去，Pennsylvania美丽的七月之夜也被忽略了。

故选B。

41. 考查动词。

A. acquired取得；B. occupied占有；C. ignored忽视；D. stressed 强调。

就像许多晚上一样，互联网的召唤把我吸了进去，Pennsylvania美丽的七月之夜也被忽略了。

故选C。

42. 考查动词。

A. marked做记号；B. experienced经历，体验；C. presented出现；D. undertaken从事。

我们坐进卡车，驱车十分钟到达一个当地的州立公园，这个地方多年来一直标志着我们不同的生活阶段。

此处表示“表明，标志着”，故选A。

43. 考查动词词组。

A. hung on坚持下去，不挂断；B. turned on打开；C. worn out 穿坏，使精疲力竭；D. shut off切断，关掉。

手机和电脑关机了，我们在大自然中度过了一个夜晚，享受着简单的场景，沐浴在宁静的环境中。

可知此处表示手机和电脑都已经“关闭”，故选D。

44. 考查动词。

A. trapped受困，陷入困境；B. involved涉及，牵连；C. bathed 沐浴；D. anchored固定。

手机和电脑关机了，我们在大自然中度过了一个夜晚，享受着简单的场景，沐浴在宁静的环境中。

故选C。

45. 考查名词。

A. existence存在；B. draw吸引力；C. impression印象；D. separation分离，分开。

通知的铃声，汽车鸣笛的喇叭声，以及YouTube视频的吸引力消失了。

根据上文提到的“电脑和手机关闭”，可知“吸引力消失了”，故选B。

46. 考查动词。

A. removed拆掉，搬走；B. reflected反射，思考；C. restricted 限制；D. refreshed使重新提起精神。

在他们的位置上，沉默使我们都知道，但有时却忽略了：生活的宁静，简单的时刻有时是最美丽的。

故选D。

47. 考查名词。

A. touch接触，联系；B. sight视力，景象；C. control控制；
D. hope希望。

在他们的位置上，沉默使我们都知道，但有时却忽略了：生活的宁静，简单的时刻有时是最美丽的。

lose sight of忽略，不再看见，故选B。

48. 考查名词。

A. connection连接，关系；B. imagination想象；C. exploration 探索；D. prediction预测。

在这些平静的时刻，我发现了与自然和我丈夫的联系。

connection with与……的关系，故选A。

49. 考查介词。

A. against反对；B. with和……一起；C. beyond在……之上，超过；D. about关于。

我发现了一个提醒：在电脑和我们快节奏生活的混乱之外还有一个世界。

故选C。

50. 考查名词。

A. chaos混浊；B. values价值观；C. mess混乱；D. quality质量。

我发现了一个提醒：在电脑和我们快节奏生活的混浊之外还有一个世界。

故选A。

51. 考查短语。

A. In addition另外，此外；B. In short总之，简而言之；C. After all终究，毕竟；D. Above all首先，最重要的是。

最重要的是，我被提醒，在这些安静的时刻，我们能够听到最重要的声音：我们自己的声音。

故选D。

52. 考查动词。

A. avoids避免；B. desires想要；要求；希望得到…；C. transfers 转移；D. spells拼写。

我们的世界渴望持续的关注和参与。

故选B。

53. 考查动词。

A. opposed反对；B. limited限制；C. entitled给……权利；D. addicted沉迷。

我们变得如此沉迷于不断地联系和与他人交往，以至于我们没有意识到对我们的幸福至关重要的东西：我们内心的声音。

故选D。

54. 考查形容词。

A. glorious光荣的；B. unique独一无二的；C. crucial重要的，决定性的；D. superior上级的，优秀的。

我们变得如此沉迷于不断地联系和与他人交往，以至于我们没有意识到对我们的幸福至关重要的东西：我们内心的声音。

故选C。

55. 考查动词。

A. remains仍然，逗留；B. tends倾向；C. appears出现；D. deserves 应受，应得。

让生活中的平静时刻提醒你，你内心的声音值得被倾听。

故选D。

第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
Historian Tom Holland is the award-winning author of
Rubicon, Persian Fire and Millennium. He appears regularly on radio, TV and in print. His latest book Dynasty is published in paperback by Abacus.
Moominsummer Madness
By Tove Jansoon
What I love about this book, as a child and still today, is its mix of the fantastical and normal. On the one hand, it’s about a family and their friends all enjoying themselves, quite happy not doing much. On the other hand, it’s about characters that can change into odd shapes, magicians coming down from the moon and peculiar creatures emerging from the roof. That mix of the familiar and the extraordinary informs all my writing. In the second half I was rewarded with the stories I’d been waiting for, like the battles of Marathon, Salamis and Thermopylae. Over the years, I come to value the infectious curiosity of the first half and the portrait of the world in the fifth century BC seen through the eyes of this extraordinary Greek historian.
A Distant Mirror
By BarBara W TucHman
Tuchman’s book The Guns of August won the Pulitzer Prize, but
The Histories
By HerodoTus
By the time I was 12, I was obsessed by Ancient Greece and Rome. At first, I found the early section of The Histories a real grind beca use it’s like a long shaggy dog story that never gets to the point. it’s this slightly less well-known work that provided me with a role model for my own writing. Both scholarly and interesting, it’s a portrait of the 14th century in Western Europe and vividly evokes medieval civilization buffeted by cataclysms: the Black Death, the Peasants’ Rev olt and the Great Papal Schism. I felt I knew what it was to die of the plague or to have a sword put through me—real stories told remarkably
56. Tom Holland now finds the first half of The Histories ___________.
A. off the point
B. culture-centered
C. really boring
D. quite entertaining
57. Which book does Tom Holland appreciate and try to copy its style?
A. The Histories
B. A Distant Mirror
C. The Guns of August
D. Moominsummer Madness
【答案】56. D 57. B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。

本文介绍历史学家Tom Holland及其作品。

Tom Holland 是Rubicon, Persian Fire and Millennium的作者，是一名获奖作家。

他经常出现在广播、电视和印刷品上。

他的最新著作Dynasty由Abacus出版平装本。

56. 细节理解题。

根据The Histories中Over the years, I come to value the
infectious curiosity of the first half and the portrait of the world in the fifth century BC seen through the eyes of this extraordinary Greek historian.可知，Tom Holland现在发现了The Histories的前半部分很有趣。

故选D。

57. 推理判断题。

根据A Distant Mirror中Tuchman’s book The Guns of August won the Pulitzer Prize, but i t’s this slightly less well-known work that provided me with a role model for my own writing.可知，Tom Holland喜欢A Distant Mirror，并试着模仿它的风格。

故选B。

B
Plagiarism is the act of representing another person’s words or ideas as your own. The offense may be as small as a sentence copied from a book. Or it may be as extensive as a whole paper copied—or bought—from somebody else.
Intellectual dishonesty is nothing new. The only difference now is that the Internet has made it much simpler to steal other people’s work. Yet the same technology that makes it easy to find information to copy also makes it easier to identify plagiarism.
Teachers can use online services that compare papers to thousands of others to search for copied work. The teacher gets a report on any passage that is similar enough to suspect plagiarism. These services are widely used. , for example, says it is used in more than 100 countries and examines more than 130,000 papers a day.
Professional writers who plagiarize can be taken to civil court and ordered to pay damages. In schools, the punishment for cheating could be a failing grade on the paper or in the course. Some schools expel(驱逐) plagiarists for a term; others, for a full academic year. Some degrees have even been withdrawn after a school later found that a student had plagiarized.
Accidental plagiarism can sometimes result from cultural differences.
At Indiana University in Bloomington, 60 percent of students who use the Office of Writing Tutorial Services are non-native English speakers. The director, Joanne Vogt, says some have no idea that copying from published works is considered wrong. She says students from China, for example, may think they are insulting readers if they credit other sources. They believe that educated readers should already know where the information came from.
The more you give credit, the less you risk accusations of plagiarism. Any sentence taken directly from a source should appear inside quotation marks. And even if you put those sentences into your own words, you should still give credit to where you got the information.
58. According to the passage, what is the role of the Internet in Plagiarism?
A. The Internet discourages people from choosing proper papers to copy.
B. The Internet helps people get their papers published online.
C. The Internet enables people to share their papers with others.
D. The Internet contributes to people copying papers from others easily.
59. We can infer from the passage that teachers know a paper is copied when they __________.
A. happen to be familiar with the content of the paper
B. make investigations concerning the paper among students
C. compare the paper with many others online to search for the copied ones
D. search journal and periodicals in the library for the original paper
60. Which of the following has NOT been mentioned as the punishment for plagiarism?
A. Fine of a certain amount of money.
B. Withdrawal of some degrees.
C. Being forced to leave school.
D. A failing grade.
61. The underlined expression “give credit” in the last paragraph probably means __________.
A. attribute what you’ve quoted from other sources to the original writers
B. praise the original writer for providing useful information
C. give the original writer a credit card for your copying the paper
D. admit that the original writer has a good reputation
【答案】58. D 59. C 60. A 61. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。

本文叙述了人们在写论文时的剽窃行为。

剽窃就是抄袭别人的话语或想法的行为，这种冒犯可能和从一本书中抄袭的句子一样小；或者，它可能像整张纸一样广泛，从别人那里复制或购买。

互联网有助于人们轻易地抄袭他人的论文。

58. 细节理解题。

根据第二段中The only difference now is that the Internet has made it much simpler to steal other peo ple’s work. Yet the same technology that makes it easy to find information to copy also makes it easier to identify plagiarism.可知，互联网有助于人们轻易地抄袭他人的论文。

故选D。

59. 推理判断题。

根据第三段第一句Teachers can use online services that compare papers to thousands of others to search for copied work.可知，老师知道一篇论文被复制是通过将论文和其他的论文进行比较时，他们会搜索复制的论文。

故选C。

60. 推理判断题。

根据第四段中In schools, the punishment for cheating could be a failing grade on the paper or in the course. Some schools expel(驱逐) plagiarists for a term; others, for a full academic year. Some degrees have even been withdrawn after a school later found that a student had plagiarized.可知，对剽窃的惩罚中A项没有被提及。

故选A。

61. 词义猜测题。

根据最后一段The more you give credit, the less you risk accusations of plagiarism.（你给予的信任越多，你就越不可能被指控剽窃。

） Any sentence taken directly from a source should appear inside quotation marks. （任何直接从来源获取的句子都应该出现在引号内。

）And even if you put those sentences into your own words, you should still give credit to where you got
the information.（即使你把这些句子放进你自己的语言里，你仍然应该告诉这些信息的来源。

）由此推知，划线词的意思是“把你从其他来源引用的内容归到原作者”，故选A。

C
As millions of Americans crowd into the gym armed with New Year’s resolutions to get in shape, medical experts are offering an additional reason for exercise: Regular workouts may help fight off colds and flu, reduce the risk of certain cancers and chronic diseases and slow the process of aging.
Physical activities have long been known to help maintain a healthy weight and reduce stress. Now, a growing body of research is showing that regular exercise—as simple as a brisk 30-to-45-minute walk five times a week—can boost the body’s immune system, increasing the circulation of natural killer cells that fight off viruses and bacteria. And exercise has been shown to improve the body’s response to the influenza vaccine (疫苗), making it more effective at keeping the virus at bay.
Medical experts warn inactivity poses as great a health risk as smoking, resulting in heart disease, cancer, depression, and diabetes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says quite a few U.S. adults do not engage in any leisure-time physical activity.
Even slim people who are inactive are at high risk of death and disease. So while reducing obesity is an important goal, “the better message would be to get everyone to walk 30 minutes a day” says Robert Sallis, co-director of sports medicine at Fontana Medical Center. “We find it necessary to refocus the national message on physical activity, which can have a bigger effect on health than losing weight.”
Regular exercise has been shown to prevent the ongoing damage done to
cells, tissues and organs that underlies many chronic conditions. Building on that earlier research, scientific studies are now suggesting that exercise-induced changes in the body’s immune system may protect against some forms of cancer.
Researchers are also investigating whether exercise can influence aging in the body. In particular, they are looking at whether exercise lengthens telomeres, the strands of DNA at the tips of chromosomes. When telomeres get too short, cells can no longer divide and they become inactive, a process associated with aging, cancer and a higher risk of death.
A study, published in Circulation, the medical journal of the American Heart Association, concluded that physical activity has an anti-aging effect at the cellular level, suggesting exercise could prevent aging of the cardiovascular(心脑血管) system.
The guidelines, developed by the Department of Health and Human Services, recommend that adults get at least two hours and 30 minutes weekly of moderate-intensity aerobic(有氧的) physical activity, or one hour and 15 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise, or an equivalent combination of both. The guidelines also say that additional health benefits can be obtained from as much as doubling the minimum recommendation for aerobic exercise.
62. What is the main purpose of many Americans who take exercise?
A. To have a good figure.
B. To make them strong-minded.
C. To cure some common diseases.
D. To prevent themselves getting old.
63. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
A. natural killer cells strengthen the body’s immune system
B. regular exercise can remove the viruses and bacteria
C. obesity has become a social problem in America。