最新研究生英语阅读教程(基础级2版)课文13及其翻译

Laws (Principle) of Lasting Love
By Paul Pearsail
headmaster: n.; principal (a. n.), president/ dean
[1] During my 25 years as a marital therapist (consultant), I have seen hundreds of people disappointed over (about) unfulfilling (unsuccessful) relationships (marriage). I have seen passion turn to (become) poison. I have grieved with patients for the love they lost or never found. (bare infinitive/ Love is blind)
[2] "We seemed to love so much (deeply), but now it's gone," one woman lamented to me. "Why do I feel so lonely every night even when (even though) he is right there beside me? Why can't marriage be more than this?"
[3] It can (be colorful/ rich). I was once invited to the 60th anniversary celebration of a remarkable (worth mentioning) couple. I asked the husband, Peter, if he ever felt lonely and wondered where the love between him and Lita had gone. Peter laughed and said, "If you wonder where your love went, you forgot that you are the one who makes (cultivate/ develop) it. Love is not out there (waiting for you); it's in here between Lita and me."
[4] I know we can love deeply, tenderly and lastingly (forever). I have seen such love, and I have felt such love myself. Here are the laws (keys) I have discovered for such lasting and loving relationships:
[5] Put time (invest) where love is. A fulfilling (successful) marriage begins when two people make time together their No. 1 priority. If we hope to find (true) love, we must first find (spare, vt.) time for loving.
[6] Unfortunately (unluckily), current (present) psychology rests on (based on) the model of the independent ego. To make a lasting marriage we have to overcome self-centeredness (selfishness). We must go beyond what psychologist Abraham Maslow called "self-actualization" to "us-actualization". We have to learn to put time where love is.
[7] Many couples have experienced a tragic moment that taught them to value the time together. One husband related (said) how he sat trapped in his car after a crash. His wife was outside, crying and banging on the window. "I thought I was going to die before we'd (had) had enough time together," he told me. "Right then I promised to make the time to love my wife. Our time is our own now, and those hours are sacred."
[8] In crisis, become as one. Just after a couple left my office one evening, I heard what sounded like a gunshot. I looked out the window and saw the couple backing (withdrawing) toward their car, and the shadow of a large figure near a street light. Clinging together, the husband and wife kept backing away. The figure quickened his pace toward them, and the couple joined hands and ran to their car.
[9] As I dialed security (police), the figure came closer, and I saw it was one of our guards. I later discovered that the "shot" was a noise that has nothing to do with my couple, but they didn't know that. Like herd (hunted) animals, they had reacted to danger by coming together, in a "couple caution circle". (When they were) Threatened, they had become one. [herdsman; be cautious of sth.]
[10] When I was struggling with cancer a few years ago, my wife and I formed our own "couple caution circle". Anytime (whenever) a doctor came with news of my progress, my wife
would join with me in a mutual embrace (hug). The reports were seldom good during the early phases (stages) of my illness, and one day a doctor brought particularly (especially) frightening news. Gazing at his clipboard, he murmured, "It doesn't look like you're going to make it (=succeed)."
[11] Before I could ask a question of this doomsayer, my wife stood up, handed me my robe, adjusted the tubes attached to my body and said, "Let's get out of here. This man is a risk to your health." As (when) she helped me struggle to the door, the doctor approached us. "Stay back," demanded (ordered) my wife. "Stay away from us (Leave us alone)."
[12] As (When) we walked together down the hall, the doctor attempted (tried) to catch up with us. "Keep going," said my wife, pushing the intravenous stand. "We're going to talk to some one who really knows what is going on." Then she held up her hand to the doctor. "Don't come any closer to us."
[13] The two of us moved as one. We fled (flee->fleet/ escaped) to the safety and hope of a doctor who did not confuse diagnosis with verdict. I could never have made that walk toward wellness (safety/ health) alone. [Two heads are better than one]
[14] Take a loving look. How we see our partners often depends more on how we are than how they are. Husbands and wives are not audience, but participant observers in each other's lives.
[15] "Before we were married, my husband was a caring (considerate) energetic man," a wife once told me. "He couldn't seem to keep his hands off me. Since we've been married, he's become a couch potato and watches ball games more than he watches me. He's gone from stud to spud."
[16] "Very funny," answered the husband. "But have you looked at yourself lately (recently)? When we got married, you were beautiful. Now you wear that old robe. If I've gone from stud to spud, then you've gone from doll (angel) to drudge (黄脸婆/ 豆腐皮)." (intelligent/ handsome/beautiful/ considerate)
[17] This hurtful, infantile argument illustrates (shows) how spouses, instead of looking for love, may look for flaws. It is a way of seeing.
[18] Author (Writer) Judith Viorst once wrote, "Infatuation (foolishness) is when you think he's as gorgeous as Robert Redford, as pure (innocent) as Solzhenitsyn, as funny (interesting/ humorous) as Woody Allen, as athletic as Jimmy Connors, and as smart as Albert Einstein. Love is when you realize he's as gorgeous as Woody Allen, as smart (clever) as Jimmy Connors, as funny as Solzhenitsyn, as athletic as Albert Einstein, and nothing like Robert Redford in any category (degree) -- but you'll take (accept) him anyway."
[19] This law of lasting love instructs (teaches) us to look with instead of for love.
[20] Try another perspective." Can't you see how wrong you are about my mother?" an angry wife used to say. "She's been a saint to us, yet you make her out to be a demon (devil)[make sth. Out=see sth. as]." [make out =consider/ regard]
[21] "How can you say that?" her husband would answer. "Anybody with any intelligence could see what a pain (nuisance) your mother is."
[22] This argument illustrates (show) how some people spend their marriages struggling to change a spouse's mind. People in lasting-love marriages begin with the premise that there are many realities. They learn to accept different points of view. [spend time / money doing sth.]
[23] When this couple broke free of their one-reality trap, their problems were solved. "My mother is a loving, caring pain in the neck," the wife now admitted.
[24] As another husband said of (comment) his wife, "She's my eye-opener. She sees what I
never could. I do the same (thing) for her. We make a marital point of view between the two of us that is totally different from either one of us."
[25] The lasting marriage is never sure of the separate "selves (parts)" that make it up. But it has complete confidence that the relationship will grow in a never-ending process of learning.
[26] Look out for No. 2. There is a powerful healing energy that emanates from loving. Lasting love can learn to sense (feel) it, send (give) it and make it grow. We are energized (motivated) by love if we put our energy into loving.
[27] Bad energy springs from (stem from) conflicts that arise (occurred) when two egos collide. When I watch husbands and wives argue with each other, I want to shout: "Grow up, stop fighting, start loving!" It is better to learn how to love than how to fight. Don't try to win in your marriage, win for your marriage.
[28] Marriage is designed (intended) primarily for giving rather than taking. It is meant (intended) to be a permanent union of two unselfish people. As one husband told me, "The old saying was look out for No. 1. But we've learned to look out for No. 2. If you fight for yourself, only you can win. When you fight for your marriage, you both win." (1, 261 words)
About the author
Paul Pearsail is an American contemporary author, director of problems of Daily Living Clinic in Sinai Hospital of Detroit, Michigan, lecturer at Henry Ford Community College and Wayne State University and director of Kinsey Summer Institute. His major writings include Master Your Emotions and Improve Your Health (1986), Super Marital Sex: Loving for Life (1987), Super Joy: Delight in Daily Living (1988), etc.
Exercises
I. Reading Comprehension
Answer the following questions or complete the following statements.
1. A couple who wonder where their love has gone probably _____.
A. forget that it is they who created the love
B. have never been able to find love
C. have never had fulfilled relationships
D. are too passionate
2. What is the most important thing a couple is supposed to do to have a fulfilling marriage?
A. To rest on independent ego.
B. To set aside time for loving.
C. To go beyond love.
D. To learn where love is.
3. What has the husband trapped in a car accident learned about love?
A. How sacred love is.
B. How tragic an accident is.
C. The time with his wife is precious.
D. More promises to his wife are necessary.
4. Which of the following best explains "couple caution circle"?
A. A couple are more cautious when they are together.
B. It refers to people's herd-animal-like reaction to danger.
C. It is a crisis that is related to both husband and wife.
D. A couple become more closely united into one in times of danger.
5. After hearing the doctor's comment, the author's wife _____.
A. believed that the doctor made the diagnosis with evil intentions
B. concluded that doctor was no good to her husband
C. decided to quit any medical treatment immediately
D. demanded to have another favorable verdict
6. Which of the following best illustrates "taking a loving look"?
A. Love me, love my dog.
B. Love is blind.
C. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
D. Beauty and chastity (honesty) seldom agree.
7. Spouses looking for flaws instead of love often _____.
A. become observers instead of participants in each other's lives
B. become couch potatoes and go from stud to spud
C. get to know more about each other's weakness
D. get mixed up in hurting, babyish arguments
8. The phrase "one-reality trap" probably means that _____.
A. some people spend their marriages struggling to change a spouse's mind
B. short-lived marriages start with the premise that there are many realities
C. the lasting marriage is never sure of the separate "selves" that make it up
D. a couple make a marital point of view that is totally different from either one
9. What does the author mean by "look out for No. 2"?
A. To learn to sense love and make it grow.
B. To be energized by love.
C. To learn to love instead of fighting for oneself.
D. To put energy into loving.
10. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
A. One must try to win in his/her marriage.
B. Love is lost when one feels lonely.
C. Lasting love is found in all marriages.
D. Marriage is more of giving than taking.
II. Vocabulary
A. Read die following sentences and decide which of die four choices Mow each sentence is closest hi meaning to the underlined word.
1. The whole nation grieved for the death of the their president John Kennedy.
A. was distressed
B. was distributed
C. was defeated
D. was diminished
2. The central government collided with city parliament over its industrial plans.
A. countered
B. conflicted
C. corresponded
D. contested
3. A subtle influence emanates from the teacher upon his students.
A. originates
B. suffers
C. vanishes (disappear)
D. transmits
4. At the press conference, the crazy (mad) teenagers fully displayed their infatuation
(foolishness) for their favorite movie stars. (fans)
A. delusion (view-illusion)
B. passion
C. miracle (->miraculous)
D. inflation
5. Temples, mosques, churches and synagogues are all sacred buildings.
A. spiritual
B. earthly
C. holy (sacred)
D. secular (chronic) (circular argument)
6. The dinner table was gorgeous with silver, rare china, and flowers. (going out to dine/ diner/ dinner/ supper)
A. beautiful
B. luxurious
C. lavish
D. abundant (adj. enough)
7. Mr. Nathan lamented the fact that for 40 years Israel had been saying it had no one to talk to and now that (since) the other side was prepared to talk, Israel refused.
A. recognized
B. complained
C. stated
D. revealed
8. Western efforts to keep criminal money out of the banking system are based on the premise that banks can identify their customers, even when they act through nominees.
A. constitution
B. insurance
C. prediction (foretell)
D. presupposition (presume=think)
9. The committee undertook a comprehensive diagnosis of the city's problem. (commit suicide/ crime/ do)
A. embrace (=hug)
B. survey
C. investigation
D. analysis (->analyze)
10. The frequent hurtful, infantile arguments between couples will inevitably lead to disaster.
A. innocent (->ignorant)
B. mutual
C. simplistic
D. childish
B. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.
rest on gaze at break free spring from verdict
perspective marital permanent fulfilling ego
1. I used to gaze at it and wish that I could have a dog just like the one in the picture. (gape/ gap)
2. If you manage to break free from your attacker, run to the nearest source of help, whether it's
a house with lights on, an open garage, pu
b (publi
c house/ inn) or shop, or a police or fire station -- any place where you can fin
d people, a telephone, weapons or cover.
3. The boys' attention did not spring from (stem from) concern (worry) for Alec but concern for themselves if Alec was cut (wounded/ hurt) and needed to see the nurse.
4. His lawyers will almost certainly appeal against the verdict (appeal court).
5 Perhaps we are now in a position (ready/ willing) to give, from a
alternative (choice) interpretation (explanation) of what exactly it means to
(tolerate/ accept)" a child's disability.
6. Not only had the children suffered the loss of a parent but the family was further fragmented by the absence of one or more children as a direct or indirect result of the marital breakdown.
7. China's foreign policy rests on (based on) the principle of equality and mutual benefit.
8. This high quality wax gives car permanent protection against acid rain.
9. We know there are senses (feelings) that feel good, that status and ego are important, and that money is not a substitute for health, happiness, companionship, or emotional security.
10. The past (last) 10 years have been the happiest and most fulfilling (successful) of his life. III. Cloze
There are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage ea fully and choose the best answer front the four chokes given below the passage.
be at one’s prime time
In the past, young people in America usually lived with their parents until they got married. Today, some still 1 do. Yet most young people live (lead) a more independent life. They have a job. They travel. They rent or own their own apartment or house. They wait longer to get married. 2 While (they were) waiting, they date (go dating). [to find oneself=to find the proper place for oneself]
Often a friend will plan a meeting between two unmarried people who do not know 3 one another. This is called a "blind date". The people involved are not 4 blind. They just have never seen each other. [be in the darkness]
However, most unmarried people have to find their own 5 dates. Many go to public eating, drinking or dancing places. Every city in America has them. Some places are 6 popular with young people. Others are for older people.
Many Americans want to go where they are sure they can meet people with similar 7 interests. For example, they may go to a bookstore. Some bookstores in America now serve coffee and food. Many 8 offer special programs (project) and social activities for single people. Other singles join health clubs to exercise and to meet people. 9 Or, they may join groups for people who like to take long walks or watch birds. When they 10 get along well enough, they may decide to spend the rest of their lives together.
1. A. are B. hold C. do D. go
2. A. While wait B. While waiting C. When waited D. When to wait
3. A. each time B. one by one C. one another D. the other
4. A. blind B. dumb C. foolish D. lame
5. A. mates B. couple C. colleagues D. dates
6. A. potential B. popular C. populous D. positive
7. A. intensity B. intention C. interests D. interaction
8. A. offer B. award C. give D. rent
9. A. Too B. However C. Or D. So
10. A. get off B. get along C. live through D. live up to
IV. Translation
Put the following parts into Chinese.
1. A fulfilling marriage begins when two people make time together their No. 1 propriety. If we hope to find love, we must first find time for loving.
当两个人都把抽时间多聚在一起当成各自的第一要事，一个美满的婚姻才会开始。

如果我们希望去寻找爱，首先我们必须找时间去爱。

2. Unfortunately, current psychology rests on the model of the independent ego. To make a
lasting marriage we have to overcome self-centeredness. We must go beyond what psychologist Abraham Maslow called "self-actualization" to "us-actualization". We have to learn to put time where love is.
令人遗憾的是，目前心理学都注重独立的自我模式。

要使婚姻持久，我们就必须克服以自我为中心。

我们必须超越亚伯拉罕?马斯洛声称的“自我实现”，而要“共同实现”。

我们要学会把时间放在爱上。

3. How we see our partners often depends more on how we are than how they are. Husbands and wives are not audience, but participant observers in each other's live.
我们如何看待对方通常更多地取决于我们而不是他们。

丈夫和妻子不是观众，而是相互生活中的参与者和观察者。

4. This argument illustrates how some people spend their marriages struggling to change a spouse's mind. People in lasting-love marriages begin with the premise that there are many realities. They learn to accept different points of view.
这一争吵表明一些人如何把婚姻耗费在努力改变对方的想法上面。

在爱情持久的婚姻中，人们的出发点是：婚姻有许多现实问题，他们要学着去接受不同的观点。

5 As one husband told me, "The old saying was look out for No. 1 But we've learned to look out for No. 2. If you fight for yourself, only you can win. When you fight for your marriage, you both win."
正如一位丈夫告诉我的：“俗话说要争先做主。

现在我们学会了退让一步当第二。

如果你为自己奋斗，成功的仅仅是你自己。

当你为自己的婚姻而奋斗时,你们就会双赢。

”
6. There is a powerful healing energy that emanates from loving. Lasting love can learn to sense it, send it and make it grow. We are energized by love if we put our energy into loving.
爱能释放出强大的治愈能量。

持久的爱知道去感悟，去给予，使这份爱成长壮大。

如果我们把精力投入爱，我们就能从爱中汲取力量。

7. Marriage is designed primarily for giving rather than taking. It is meant to be a permanent union of two unselfish people.
婚姻的本质是给予而不是索取。

它应该是两个无私个体的永久结合。

V. Oral Practice and Discussion
1. What are the laws for lasting and loving relationship discovered by the author?
2. What are the causes of marriage problems in the modern society?
3. How do you understand the advice "taking a loving look"?
4. To solve the marriage problems mentioned in the text, what are your proposals other than those given by the author?
5. Do you believe love can be romantic while marriage has to be practical? Why?
VOCABULARY ITEMS
1. therapist: n. one who specializes in the provision of a particular therapy临床医生; doctor-.surgeon->specialist
2. unfulfilled: adj. unhappy or unsatisfactory令人不快的，令人不满意的; be full of sth./ fill sth. with sth. else/ fulfill=accomplish/ achieve->:accomplishmen/ achievement
3. grieve: v. to cause to be sorrowful; distress伤心，悲痛; grief (n.)
4. lament: v. to regret deeply; express grief for or about痛惜，悔恨，惋惜; layman/ green hand
5. anniversary: n. the annually recurring date of a past event, especially one of historical, national, or personal importance周年纪念; annual (adj.)
6. ego: n. the self, especially as distinct from the world and other selves;自我，尤指不同于世界和其他个体; egoism (n.)
7. self-actualization: n. 自我实现; actualize->realize
8. bang: v. to strike heavily and often repeatedly; bump重击，沉重并且通常是反复地打击；撞击; bumper
9. sacred: adj. made or declared holy神圣的
10. clipboard: n. a small writing board with a spring dip at the top for holding papers or a writing pad写字板，剪贴板
11. doomsayer: n. one who predicts calamity (danger) at every opportunity灾难预言者; doom’s book; dome
12. intravenous: adj. within or administered (inject) into a vein静脉的
13. diagnosis: n. the act or process of identifying or determining the nature and cause of a disease or injury诊断; diagnose; diameter
14. verdict: n. an expressed conclusion; a judgment or an opinion定论，裁决; verify (vt.)
15. stud: n. a male animal that is kept for breeding; a man regarded as virile and sexually active 留种的雄畜，性欲旺盛的男子
16. spud: n. a potato土豆
17. drudge: n. a person who does tedious, menial, or unpleasant work苦力; drudgery
18. infantile: adj. a lack of maturity; extremely childish幼稚的，孩子气的; baby->babe
19. infatuation: n. a foolish, unreasoning, or extravagant passion or attraction愚蠢的，非理性的或过分的激情或迷恋
20. gorgeous: adj. dazzlingly beautiful or magnificent眩目艳丽的; pretty
21. perspective: n. a point of view of sth.观点; perceive: understand
22. premise: n. a statement or idea on which reasoning is based前提; be based on sth. else. The film is based on (adapted from) a novel of the same title.
23. therapist: n. one who specializes in the provision of a particular therapy临床医生
24. emanate: v. to come or send forth发出，散发; e-: out
25. permanent: adj. lasting or remaining without essential change永久的
26. rest on: to be directed on or fall on停留，基于; arrest: have a rest; to rest for a while.; the rest of one’s life
27. couch potato: person who loves to watch TV programs and becomes fat without enough physical exercise爱看电视而不愿意运动的胖人; coach
28. a pain in the neck: （美俚）讨厌的家伙/任务; Noise is a nuisance.
Notes
Abraham Maslow: American psychologist, famous for his concept of a hierarchy of needs; hierarchical needs. Jungle law
READING SELECTION B
Why We Love Who We love
By Joyce Brothers
[1] Have you ever known a married couple that just didn't seem as though they should fit together -- yet they are both happy in the marriage, and you can't figure out why? I know of one couple: He is a burly ex-athlete. Meanwhile, his wife is petite, quiet and a complete homebody. She doesn't even go out to dinner.
[2] What mysterious force drives us into the arms of one person, while pushing us away from another who might appear equally desirable to any unbiased observer?
[3] One of the many factors influencing our idea of the perfect mate, one of the most telling, according to John Money, professor emeritus of medical psychology and pediatrics at Johns Hopkins University, is what he calls our “lovemap” -- a group of messages encoded in our brains that describes our likes and dislikes. It shows our preferences in hair and eye color, in voice, smell, body build. It also records the kind of personality that appeals to us, whether it's the warm and friendly type or the strong, silent type.
[4] In short, we fall for and pursue those people who most clearly fit our lovemap. And this lovemap is largely determined in childhood. By age eight, the pattern for our ideal mate has already begun to float around in our brains.
[5] When we're little, our mother is the center of our attention, and we are the center of hers. So our mother's characteristics leave an indelible impression, we are forever attracted to people with her facial features, body type, personality, even sense of humor. If our mother was warm and giving, as adults we tend to be attracted to people who are warm and giving. If our mother was strong and even-tempered, we are going to be attracted to a fair-minded strength in our mates.
[6] The mother has an additional influence on her sons: she not only gives them clues to what they will find attractive in a mate, but also affects how they feel about women in general. So if she is warm and nice, her sons are going to think that's the way women are. They will likely grow up warm and responsive lovers and also be cooperative around the house.
[7] Conversely, a mother who has a depressive personality, and is sometimes friendly but then suddenly turns cold and rejecting, may raise a man who becomes a dance-away lover. Because he's been so scared about love from his mother, he is afraid of commitment and may pull away from a girlfriend for this reason.
[8] While the mother determines in large part what qualities attract us in a mate, i t’s the father -- the first male in our lives -- who influences how we relate to the opposite sex. Fathers have an enormous effect on their children's personalities and chances of marital happiness.
[9] Just as mothers influence their son's general feelings toward women, fathers influence their daughter's general feelings about men. If a father lavishes praise on his daughter and demonstrates that she is a worthwhile person, she'll feel very good about herself in relation to men. But if the father is cold, critical or absent, the daughter will tend to feel she's not very lovable or attractive.
[10] What about opposites? Are they really attracted to each other? Yes and no. In many ways we want a mirror image of ourselves. Physically attractive people, for example, are usually drawn to
a partner who's equally attractive.
[11] In addition, most of us grow up with people of similar social circumstances. We hang around with people in the same town; our friends have about the same educational backgrounds and career goals. We tend to be most comfortable with these people, and therefore we tend to link up with others whose families are often much like our own.
[12] However, there are instances where people of different social backgrounds end up getting married and being extremely happy. I know of one man, a factory worker from a traditional Irish family, who fell in love with an African-American Baptist. When they got married, their friends and relatives predicted a quick failure. But 25 years later, the marriage is still strong.
[131 Is there such a thing as "love at first sight"? Why not? When people become love-struck, what happens in that instant is the couple probably discovers a unique something they have in common. It could be something as mundane as they both were reading the same book or were born in the same town. At the same time they recognize some trait in the other that complements their own personality.
[14] I happen to be one of those who was struck by the magic wand. Milt and I were married for 39 years, until his death in 1989. And all that time we experienced a love called a 'feeling of fusion, of oneness", even while we continued to change, grow and fulfill our lives. (812 words)
Reading Comprehension
A nswer the following questions ur complete the following statements.
1. The author chooses a couple of a burly man and a petite woman as an example _____.
A. to show the mysterious force of love
B. to illustrate a happy marriage
C. to support the idea of an unbiased observer
D. to criticize the view of an unbiased observer
2. According to the text, a lovemap probably _____.
A. determines whether a marriage will last long
B. is personal preference imprinted in our minds
C. records what kind of personality we have
D. is most people's idea of the perfect mate
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the author's description of lovemap?
A. The messages in our lovemap are inherited.
B. Lovemap will determine how happy we are in a marriage.
C. Our lovemap develops in the early phase of our life.
D. Lovemap won't develop fully until we grow up.
4. The word "indelible" (Paragraph 5) most probably means _____.
A. the most important
B. able to last longer
C. irreplaceable or unique
D. irremovable or inerasable
5. According to the text, a son will grow up cooperative in the house if _____.
A. his lovemap is not damaged
B. his mother is a warm and nice women
C. he feels good about woman in general
D. his mother has additional influence on him
6. A dance-away lover probably means one who _____.
A. was deeply hurt by his mother when he was a kid
B. is cold and rejecting in depressive mood
C. may turn away from his girlfriend out of fear of commitment。