生物实验室英语：常见耗材、仪器、操作、试剂英文名称

当你进入国外的实验室之前，如果不能熟练掌握实验过程中相关物品的英文名称及读音，你与同处一室的技术人员之间必将产生强烈的交流障碍，实验效率也将因此大打折扣。

这里我汇总了数篇文章的相关内容，并结合自己实验室的情况，补充了大量词汇，希望对即将出国留学的生物学科研人员有所帮助。

欢迎大家补充指正。

一．容器与耗材（vessel & consumable material）
小瓶vial
量杯measuring cup
烧杯beaker
量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinderer
坩埚crucible
坩埚钳crucible clamp
试管test tube
漏斗funnel
比色皿cuvette
鱼缸aquarium
烧瓶flask
锥形瓶conical flask
塞子stopper/plug
洗瓶plastic wash bottle
玻璃活塞stopcock
试剂瓶reagent bottles
玻棒glass rod
搅拌棒stirring rod
容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask
移液管(one-mark) pipette
吸液管pipette
滤器filter
滤纸filter paper
培养皿culture dish
移液枪pipette
移液枪枪头pipette tips
剃刀刀片razor blade
手术刀scalpel
垃圾袋disposable bag
垃圾桶garbage bin
橡皮筋rubber band
托盘Tray
铝箔aluminium foil
洗耳球rubber suction bulb
保鲜膜preservative film
研磨钵mortar
研杵pestle
小滴管dropper
蒸馏装置distilling apparatus
桶bucket
广口瓶wide-mouth bottle
离心机转子rotor
试管架test tube holder/rack
酒精灯alcohol burner
酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner
搅拌装置stirring device
石蜡封口膜Parafilm
微量离心管（EP管）Eppendorf tube
载玻片Slide
盖玻片Cover glass
离心管Centrifuge tube 电泳槽Gel tank
电线Electrical leads
牙签Toothpick
螺丝钉Screw
锁紧螺母Nut, Cap nut 复印纸Copy paper
复写纸Carbon paper
钉Nail
试管刷test-tube brush 计时器Timer
闹钟Alarm clock
U形钉Staple
衣服挂钩Coat hanger
电泳用的梳子Comb
扳手Shifting spanner
订书机Stapler
订书钉staple
圆珠笔芯Refill
灯泡Globe
记号笔marker pen
注射器syringe
注射器活塞plunger
铁架台iron support
万能夹extension clamp 止水夹flatjaw pinchcock
圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring
橡胶管rubber tubing
药匙lab spoon
镊子forceps
剪刀scissor
打孔器stopper borer
pH试纸universal ph indicator paper 称量纸weighing paper
擦镜纸wiper for lens
水银温度计mercury-filled thermometer 真空泵vacuum pump
水浴锅water bath kettle
口罩respirator
电极electrode
阳极,正极anode
阴极,负极cathode
二．实验操作（manipulation）：
丢弃discard
转移容器decant
吸出aspirate
吹吸blowing and suction
离心收集pellet
重悬resuspend
絮状沉淀flocculent precipitate
浑浊的turbid
烘bake
灭菌sterilize
培养foster
通风ventilate
冷却chill down
稀释dilute
洗脱elute
孵育incubate
裂解物Lysate
沉淀物Sediment
上清Supernatant 色谱chromatograph 沉淀precipitate
接种inoculate
蒸馏distil/distill
搅拌Stir/agitate
中和neutralize
漂洗rinse
脱水dehydrate
发酵fermentation 溶解dissolve
燃烧combustion
水解hydrolysis
过滤filtrate
催化剂catalyst
研磨grind
破碎crush
催化作用catalysis 分解dissolution
涡旋震荡Vortex
电泳Electrophoresis
抽滤suction filtration
电转化electrotransformation
收菌harvest
切碎chop/mince
灌注perfusion
浆液slurry
三．仪器（apparatus）恒温循环仪Thermostatic circulator
空调机Air conditioner
pH计pH meter
磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer
烘箱oven 微波炉microwave oven
电磁炉electromagnetic oven
凝胶系统Gel system
电子天平Electronic balance
转接器Adapter
离心机centrifuge
封口设备Sealing equipment
复印机Duplicator, copying machine
超净工作台super clean bench
通风橱fume cupboard
药柜Cupboard
电泳电源Electrophoresis power supply 紫外灯Ultraviolet illumination
真空泵Vacuum pump
天平balance/scale
分析天平analytical balance
台秤platform balance
涡旋振荡器Vortexing machine
CO2培养箱CO2 Incubators
电子显微镜Electro Microscopy
电泳仪Electrophoresis System
酶标仪ELIASA
恒流泵constant flow pump
解剖镜anatomical lens
PCR仪Instrument for Polymerase Chain Reaction
倒置显微镜Inverted Microscope
核磁共振波谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer 光学显微镜Optical Microscopy
摇床Shaker
培养箱incubator
超滤器Ultrahigh Purity Filter
超低温冰箱Ultra-low Temperature Freezer
超声破碎仪Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor
紫外观察灯Ultraviolet Lamp
紫外-可见光分光光度计UV-Visible Spectrophotometer
计算器calculator/numerator
四．化学试剂（reagent）
1、氨基酸
丙氨酸alanine (Ala, A)
缬氨酸valine (Val, V)
亮氨酸leucine (Leu, L)
异亮氨酸isoleucine (Ile,I)
脯氨酸proline (Pro, P)
苯丙氨酸phenylalanine (Phe, F) 色氨酸tryptophan (Trp, W)
蛋氨酸methionine (Met, M)
甘氨酸glycine (Gly, G)
丝氨酸serine (Ser, S)
苏氨酸threonine (Thr, T)
半胱氨酸cysteine (Cys, C)
酪氨酸tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
天冬氨酸asparagines (Asn, N) 谷氨酰胺glutamine (Gln, Q)
赖氨酸lysine (Lys, K)
精氨酸arginine (Arg, R)
组氨酸histidine (His, H)
天冬氨酸aspartic acid (Asp, D) 谷氨酸glutamic acid (Glu, E) 2、核苷酸
腺苷adenosine
鸟嘌呤核苷guanosine
胞苷cytidine
胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷thymidine
尿嘧啶核苷uridine
脱氧deoxy-
3、其他化学试剂
二甲苯Xylene
冰乙酸Acetic acid glacial
硼酸Boric acid (H3BO3,61.83)
氯化钙Calcium chloride
巯基乙醇mercaptoethanol
咪唑Imidazole
盐酸胍guanidine hydrochloride
无水乙醇absolute ethanol
乙酸钠Sodium acetate
氯化钠Sodium chloride
生理盐水physiological saline
洗涤剂detergent
十二烷基磺酸钠Sodium dodecyl sulphate 盐酸hydrochloric acid
氢氧化钠sodium hydrate/hydroxide
胰蛋白胨Tryptone
酵母提取物yeast extract
琼脂Agar
两性霉素amphotericin
氨苄Ampicillin
肝素heparin
卡那霉素Kanamycin
醋酸钾Potassium acetate
异丙醇Isopropanol
醋酸铵Ammonium acetate
异戊醇Isoamyl alcohol
氯仿Chloroform
甲醇methanol
高锰酸钾potassium hypermanganate
考马斯亮蓝Coomassie brilliant blue
液氮liquid nitrogen
次氯酸钠clorox 苯酚phenol
阴离子anion
碱性alkalinity。