动词第三人称单数词尾变化形式及读音

动词第三人称单数词尾变化形式及读音
动词第三人称单数词尾变化有三种形式。

(1) 一般动词在词尾加-s, -s在活辅音后读/ s/,在浊辅音或元音后读/ z/ds读/
dz/, ts 读/ ts/0如：
helpThelps/helps/, know—knows/n uz/, geZgets/gets^, reacH
read^ ri dz/
(2) 以字母s, x, ch, sh或有些以o结尾的动词加-es, -es读/iz/0如：
guesAguessed' siz/, fix — fixes/'fiksiz/, teac卜teache^'ti t iz
/, wash^washed'w iz/
注意：goTgoe»uz/, do^doe^d z/
⑶以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i,再加-es, -ies读/iz/。

如：
carryT carried 'k riz/, fly—flies/flaiz/
注：在playTplays/pleiz/, sa尸say^sezZ中，字母y前为元音字母，第
三人称单数形式直接在动词后面加-s0
(4)特殊词例外。

如：
beTis, hav>has
以不发音字母“奇尾的开音节词，如果尾音是［s］, ［z］时，加“船字母“豉音，与所加“s”，一起读做［iz］。

如：
close— closes [iz]
规则动词和不规则动词的过去式变化如下：
一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed ,如：
work — worked piay— played want--wanted act--acted
以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d,如：
live--lived move--moved decide--decided decline-declined hope--hoped judge— judged raise--raised wipe--wiped
以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed ,如：
study--studied try--tried copy--copied justify--justified cry--cried
carry--carried embody--embodied empty--emptied
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed ,如：
stop--stopped beg--begged fret--fretted drag--dragged drop— dropped plan--planned dot--dotted drip--dripped
注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。

go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew
动词过去式，过去分词不规则变化
AB型
can -- could shall -- should will -- would may -- might
AAA型
cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt let let let must must must
put put put set set set shut shut shut
read read read
AAB型
beat beat beaten
ABA型
become became become run ran run
come came come
ABB型
bring brought brought buy bought bought think thought thought catch caught caught
teach taught taught build built built
lend lent lent send sent sent spend spent spent dig dug dug
hang hung hung feel felt felt
keep kept kept sleep slept slept swee
swept swept leave left left
p
smell smelt smelt spill spilt spilt
lay laid laid pay paid paid
say said said sell sold sold
tell told told sit sat sat
spit spat spat stand stood stood understand understood understood
learn learnt learnt mean meant meant spoil spoilt spoilt shine shone shone
win won won have had had
make made made hear heard heard
find found found hold held held
ABC型
begin began begun drink drank drunk ring rang rung sing sang sung
sink sank sunk swim swam swum blow blew blown fly flew flown
grow grew grown know knew known throw threw thrown draw drew drawn show showed shown break broke broken
choose chose chosen forget forgot forgotte
n
freeze froze frozen speak spoke spoken wake woke woken drive drove driven
hide hid hidden rise rose risen
mistake mistook mistaken am,is was been do did done lie
lay lain
wear wore w orn
draw drew drawn feel felt
felt
help helped helped
thank thanked thanked
talk talked talked forget f orgot
forgotten
mean meant meant hide hid hidden bring brought brought beat beat beaten lay laid laid
found founded founded bring brought b rought hear heard heard
eat ate eaten fall fell fallen
give gave given ride rode ridden take took
taken
write wrote written are were been go went gone see saw seen
易错型
show showed shown
fall fell
fallen
hold held held think thought
thought take took taken get got
got
meet
met met
hit hit hit ring
rang rung
eat ate eaten lie lay lain find found found buy
bought bought
learn learnt
learnt
名词复数的规则变化
一般情况加-s
1. 清辅音后，读/s/; map-maps
2. 浊辅音和元音后，读/z/; car-cars bag-bags
以s,sh,ch, x 等结尾的词加-es 读/iz/ bus-buses watch-watches
以ce,se,ze, ge 等结尾的词加-s 读/iz/ license-licenses
以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i再加es ,读/z/ baby---babies
名词复数的不规则变化
1) child-children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women 。

如：an Englishman , two Englishmen. 但German 不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans ; Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans 。

2) 单复同形如：
deer, sheep , fish, Chinese , Japanese
li, jin, yuan , two li , three mu , four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

如：
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
3) 集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如：people , police , cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people , a police , a cattle ,但可以说 a person , a policeman , a head of cattle , the English , the British , the French , the Chinese , the Japanese , the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。

如：The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4) 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a) maths , politics , physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

b) news是不可数名词。

c) the United States , the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945 年组建起来的。

d）以复数形式出现的书名，居ij名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）， trousers , clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）；suit（套）；
a pair of glasses ；two pairs of trousers
6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters 水域，fishes （各种）鱼
动词的现在分词由动词原形加-ing构成。

构成方法如下:
1）一般情况在动词原形后加-ing。

go---going stand---standing
2）以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e ,再加-ing.动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，而末尾只有一辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，
然后再加ing。

arrive- arriving get- getting
3）少数几个以-ie结尾的动词，须将ie变成y，再加ing.
例如：die—dying lie--lying 。