高考英语(浙江专版)二轮复习与策略专题限时集训18 阅读理解 训练4

专题限时集训(十八) 阅读理解
训练4 推理判断题(Ⅰ)
A
(2016·昆明质检)
Earlier this year，I won an international science fair.And ever since then，people have been asking me，“How on earth could a fifteen-year-old have developed a new way to attack pancreatic(胰腺的) cancer？” My response：“A year and a half of hard work and millions and millions of failures.”
Recently I have invented a paper sensor(试纸) for pancreatic and other cancers.It is over 40 times more sensitive than the current method of detection.The best part is that it costs only three cents，and takes only five minutes.
What got me interested in this was that a close family friend，who was like an uncle to me，had died of the disease.What I found online was that about 85% of pancreatic cancer was discovered late.In addition，detection was pricy.It cost 800 dollars and it was not covered by insurance plans.
Then I thought there had to be a better way.It would have to be inexpensive，rapid，simple and sensitive.I began looking at research on the Internet.I started with a database of over 8，000 different proteins(蛋白质)．Fortunately，after 4，000 tries，I finally noticed this protein called mesothelin(间皮素)．If you have pancreatic cancer，the mesothelin level will be extremely high in your blood stream.Then I started to focus on how to detect this protein.Eventually I got this small paper sensor which has nearly 100% accuracy.
Through this I have learned a very important lesson.That is，through the Internet anything is possible.So if I could do research on Google and Wikipedia when I was fifteen years old，I imagine you could do it.
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

作者通过讲述自己发明的能快速、准确检测出胰腺癌的试纸的过程告诉我们：成功不是轻而易举就能得到的，而是经过千百次实验、一步步尝试才能得到的。

1．What happened when the author was 15 years old?
A. His uncle died of pancreatic cancer.
B．He won an international biology competition.
C．He discovered a protein named mesothelin.
D．He developed a new way to detect pancreatic cancer.
D[细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句及下文作者所发明的试纸可知，作者在15岁时发明了一种检测胰腺癌的新方法。

故选D。

]
2．We can infer from the text that the author .
A. doesn't believe everything on the web
B．doesn't think his success came easy
C．invented the paper sensor by chance
D．enjoys hard work and failures
B[推理判断题。

根据第四段内容可知，作者努力研究了很长时间，经历了无数次的失败才获得了最终的成功。

由此可推断，作者认为，成功不是轻易就能得到的。

故选B。

]
3．What was most helpful to the author in his research?
A．The science courses at school.
B．Some books on medicine.
C．The Internet.
D．His life experience.
C[推理判断题。

根据最后一段可推知，作者认为在自己的研究过程中，互联网发挥了最大的作用。

故选C。

]
B
(2016·福州模拟)
If you are interested in the news，it means you care about what is happening in your community and the world.But sometimes news can be upsetting.If you find out about sad news and it makes you feel worried or upset，what should you do? Dr.Harold Koplewicz，President of the Child Mind Institute，has some suggestions.
Sometimes，the news you watch on TV is not completely accurate.The news on TV is fast­paced.When bad news affects our nation，all of us need time to understand and process it.Your parents and your teachers can be your first sources to get
information.
Even someone who is as strong and powerful as President Barack Obama weeps when he's very sad.It's part of being a human that sad events make us feel sad.That doesn't mean that we need to fall apart.It means that we just have to admit that we're sad and move forward.
People respond in different ways when facing sad news.There are certain kids who are very private and don't want anyone to see how they feel.But if you feel worried，talk to your parents and teachers，which can help you feel more comfortable.
If you still feel very nervous，another way to feel better is to take part in activities that are helpful to others.Go with your parents to the children's welfare institutions，or think of ways that you or your class can help others.
On the other hand，remember to go to sleep at the right time，play with your friends or go to the movies.It is okay to feel sad，but it's not good to stop doing the things you usually do.
新闻对孩子会产生影响。

对于孩子接触到了负面新闻而变得情绪低落、忧虑这一问题，本文给出了相关建议。

4．The passage is written for．
A．news reporters B．school kids
C．teachers D．parents
B[推测读者对象题。

根据第一段中Dr.Harold Koplewicz的身份是President of the Child Mind Institute以及第二段中的“Your parents and your teachers can be your first sources to get information.”可知，本文的阅读对象应该是孩子。

] 5．What does the underlined phrase “fall apart” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Cheer up.
B．Ask for help.
C．Stop being nervous.
D．Have a mental breakdown.
D[词义猜测题。

根据第三段中的“It means that we just have to admit that we're sad and move forward.”并结合上下文语境可推断出，fall apart是指“精神崩溃”的意思。

]
6．What can be inferred from the passage?
A. More sleep is helpful for sad people.
B．To admit we are sad will leave us nervous.
C．Don't let sadness disturb your normal life.
D．Children should not watch too much news.
C[推理判断题。

根据最后一段的“It is okay to feel sad，but it's not good to stop doing the things you usually do.”可知，即便是悲伤的时候，也不要打乱自己的生活规律。

]
【导学号：85602070】
C
(2016·合肥二模)
Need for closure is a psychological term that describes a person's desire for a firm answer to a question.Our need for closure is our natural preference for definite answers over confusion and uncertainty.Every person has their own baseline level of need for closure.It likely evolved via natural selection.
What I find really fascinating is how our need for closure is affected by the situation we're in.Our need for closure rises when we have to act rather than just observe，and it matters much more when we're rushed，or bored，or tired.Any stress can make our discomfort with uncertainty increase，and a high need for closure negatively influences some of our most important decisions: who we decide to trust，whether we admit we're wrong and even how creative we are.
In hiring，for instance，a high need for closure leads people to put far too much weight on their first impression.It's called the Urgency Effect.In one experiment，psychologists tried to lower people's need for closure by telling them，right before participants are about to make various judgments of a job candidate，that they'll be responsible in some way for them，or that their judgments have serious consequences.
In making any big decision，it's not enough just to know that we should take our time.We all know that important decisions shouldn't be rushed.The problem is that we don't keep that advice in mind when it matters.So，one of the best solutions is to formalize the reminders.Before making important decisions，write down not just advantages and disadvantages but what the consequences could be.Also，think about how much pressure you're under.If your need for closure is particularly high that day，
it's even more important to think twice.
本文是一篇说明文。

向我们介绍了了结需求(渴望得到问题的确切答案这一心理活动)对我们所做决定的影响。

7．How does “need for closure” probably come into being?
A．By nature. B．By accident.
C．By acquiring. D．By imitating.
A[细节理解题。

该题问的是了结需求是如何形成的。

根据第一段中的“Our need for closure is our natural preference for definite answers over confusion and uncertainty.”可知，它是自然形成的。

故选A。

]
8．It can be inferred that a high need for closure ．
A. brings about more stress
B．causes discomfort and uncertainty
C．leads to not so good decisions
D．promotes one's creativity
C[细节理解题。

该题问的是高了结需求的相关情况。

根据第二段中“and a high need for closure negatively influences some of our most important decisions”可知，高了结需求会对我们的决定产生消极的影响。

故选C。

]
9．In the experiment the psychologists reduced participants' need for closure by telling them to．
A. be cautious about their judgments
B．value their first impression
C．be responsible for their boss
D．pay little attention to the consequences
A[推理判断题。

该题问的是在实验中心理学家是如何降低参与者的了结需求的。

根据第三段中“...that they'll be responsible in some way for them，or that their judgments have serious consequences.”可知，心理学家是通过告诉参与者们做判断时要谨慎来降低他们的了结需求的。

故选A。

]
10．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A. Another strategy to escape the pressures of modern life.
B．Some serious consequences of making decisions.
C．Other approaches to making important decisions.
D．More helpful solutions to high need for closure.
D[推理判断题。

该题问的是在接下来的一段中作者会讨论什么。

文章最后一段主要介绍了一些了结需求高的人在做重大决定时应采取的办法；由此可知，下文应介绍更多的针对了结需求很高的问题的有效解决办法。

故选D。

]
【导学号：85602071】。