山东某初中编制历史下册第一单元苏联社会主义道路的探索知识点9

第一单元苏联社会主义道路的探索
第1课俄国十月革命
—、新时代的曙光
1.二月革命
背景：第一次世界大战给俄国人民带来深重灾难
过程：1917年3月，俄国爆发“二月革命”
影响：推翻沙皇专制统治，形成两个政权并存的局面（资产阶级临时政府和工人士兵苏维埃）。

2.十月革命
时间：1917年11月
过程：列宁领导彼得格勒武装起义，指挥部在斯莫尔尼宫，目标攻占冬宫，以阿芙乐尔号巡洋舰的炮声为信号。

苏维埃政府措施：①建立新型的无产阶级专政；②将银行、铁路和大工业企业收归国有；③颁布《土地法令》，没收地主和寺院的土地，分给农民耕种；④同德国、奥匈帝国议和，退出第一次世界大战。

1918年3月，苏维埃俄国首都从彼得格勒迁到莫斯科。

二、历史意义：
十月革命是人类历史上第一次获得胜利的社会主义革命，建立了世界上第一个社会主义国家（开辟了人类历史的新纪元）；沉重打击了帝国主义的统治；推动了国际社会主义运动的发展，鼓舞了殖民地半殖民地人民的解放战争。

第2课对社会主义道路的探索
一、列宁对社会主义建设道路的探索
1.新经济政策
目的：为恢复国民经济，在列宁的领导下
内容：1921年苏俄开始实施新经济政策：允许多种经济并存，大力发展商品经济（或特点）。

影响：促进了国民经济恢复和发展，巩固了政权。

2.1922年成立苏联，全称是：苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟（简称苏联，最初由俄罗斯联邦、外高加索联邦、乌克兰和白俄罗斯）
★列宁的贡献：①领导十月革命，建立人类历史上第一个社会主义国家；②实施新经济政策；③成立苏联
二、苏联的社会主义建设
领导人：斯大林措施:
A工业上：实行社会主义工业化。

1928～1937年完成了第一、第二个五年计划，重点发展重工业。

社会主义工业化的作用：使苏联由传统的农业国变成了强盛的工业国，国防力量也大为加强。

B农业上：实行了农业集体化。

模式形成：1936年，苏联通过新宪法，宣布苏联是“工农社会主义国家”。

1936年苏联新宪法的制定，标志社会主义制度在苏联确立，标志着斯大林模式的形成。

（形成基础：完成社会主义工业化和农业集体化）
模式特点：高度集中的经济政治体制
模式评价：
积极：是在苏联外有帝国主义包围，国内经济文化相对落后情况下形成，在一定历史阶段发挥过积极作用
消极：也具有严重弊端--优先发展重工业，使农业和轻工业长期落后，严重损害农民利益，农民没有生产积极性等
赠送：初中英语代词
Ⅰ.词汇运用。

A)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1．I can't find my ruler.May I use yours(you)，Jenny?
2．—Is the woman who is dancing over there your teacher?
—Yes，she teaches us(we) music.
3．I'm sure I can improve my(I) spoken English in a year.
4．The little girl learned how to dress herself(she) with the help of her mother.
5．You can't put anything(something) more in the box because it is already full.
6．There are lots of foreigners in our city.And most of them(they) are very friendly.
7．Please come in and make yourselves(you) at home，guys!
8．I have many photos about the friends of mine(I)．
9．She lost her(she) watch this morning.What bad news!
10．It's very dangerous for children to play by the river by themselves(they)．
11．Larry has put on too much weight because of his(he) unbalanced diet.
12．Your task is to draw a picture.Ours(we) is to make up a story.
13．Doing some chores at home helps to develop children's independence and make their(they) future lives easier.
14．My sister is waiting for me(I) in the hall.We are going to see a film together.
15．It's better to keep your(you) voice down in public even when you're with your friends.
B)根据句意，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。

both，neither，any，little，another
16．We have got two TV sets，but neither works well.
17．If you want tickets for a round trip(往返旅行)，you'll have to pay another 100 yuan.
18．Keep together.I don't want any of you to get lost.
19．Come on！The school bus is coming.We have little time left.
20．I'll take both of the cameras.One for my brother，and the other for Jim.
Ⅱ.单项选择。

人称代词、物主代词及反身代词的辨析
(B)1.My bike is old，and I want to ask my parents to buy a new one for ________.
A．my B．me
C．mine D．I
(C)2.—Who is singing in the classroom?
—________ must be Susan.
A．You B．He
C．It D．She
(C)3.—Is this Kate's red pen?
—No，it's not ________.She only has a black pen.
A．ours B．theirs
C．hers D．his
(A)4.—Are Lucy and Lily ________ friends?
—Yes.And ________ are twin sisters.
A．your；they B．your；we
C．yours；they D．yours；we
(D)5.—What do you think of the new mobile phone?
—It looks cool and its screen is bigger than ________.
A．I B．me
C．my D．mine
(D)6.Jack played basketball with some friends of ________.
A．he B．him
C．himself D．his
(D)7.He is old enough to go to school by ________.
A．him B．he
C．his D．himself
(D)e on，boys！Nobody will help us.We have to depend on ________！
A．yourself B．myself
C．yourselves D．ourselves
(D)9.Kids，don't lose ________ in playing computer games for so long.It's bad for your eyes.
A．ourselves B．yourself
C．themselves D．yourselves
(B)10.Everyone may make mistakes in life.The most important thing is not to repeat ________.
A．it B．them
C．him D．her
(D)11.People like taking photos with friends.These photos are ________ good memories.
A．they B．them
C．theirs D．their
不定代词
(C)12.I asked Mike for ________ paper，but he didn't have ________.
A．any；some B．any；any
C．some；any D．some；some
(D)13.Some young people like to play WeChat when they are free，but ________like to go to the cinema.
A．other B．the other
C．another D．others
(A)14.—Kate，which of the two skirts do you prefer?
—________ is OK.I don't like their styles.
A．Neither B．Both
C．None D．All
(D)15.—Wang Yang，can you speak English?
—Yes，but only ________.I have worked in New York for only three weeks.
A．few B．a few
C．little D．a little
(D)16.—Wow！You've got so many skirts.
—But ________ of them are in fashion now.
A．all B．both
C．neither D．none
(C)17.—There are four bedrooms in the house，________with its own shower.
—That's what I want.I've got a few kids.
A．every B．both
C．each D．either
(B)18.Jack and Alan play basketball very well.We hope________ of them can join our team.
A．all B．both
C．every D．some
(A)19.When I am in a western restaurant，I always use________ hand to hold the knife and________ hand to hold the fork.
A．one；the other B．the other；one
C．another；one D．the other；another
(A)20.At present，children mean________ to most parents in China.
A．everything B．nothing
C．anything D．something
(C)21.—Who helped you sweep the classroom yesterday?
—________.I did it all by myself.
A．Somebody B．Anybody
C．Nobody D．Everybody
(C)22.There must be ________ with my computer.It doesn't work.
A．anything wrong B．wrong anything
C．something wrong D．wrong something
指示代词
(B)23.The summer in Dalian is more beautiful than ________ in Jinan.
A．this B．that
C．these D．those
(A)24.—May I speak to Mr.Zhang，please?
—________is Zhang Ming speaking.Who's ________？
A．This；that B．That；he
C．That；that D．This；he
(D)25.—Do you know the girls over there?
—Yes.________ are members from the dance club.
A．This B．That
C．These D．Those
(C)26.—Excuse me.I want to buy some cakes.Where can I find a supermarket?
—I know________ not far from here.You can easily find ________.
A．it；one B．one；one
C．one；it D．it；it
(D)27.Things made by hand are usually more expensive than ________ produced in factories.
A．these B．this
C．that D．those
疑问代词
(C)28.—Wow！How beautiful these flowers are! ________ are they?
—Today is your birthday.They are for you，Lily.
A．What B．Which
C．Whose D．Who
(C)29.—________ is her daughter?
—The girl on the right wearing blue jeans.
A．Who B．What
C．Which D．Whose
(B)30.—________does your father do?
—He is a worker in a factory.
A．Which B．What
C．Who D．Whose
Ⅲ.语篇填空。

根据短文内容，用适当的代词填空。

Mount Heng(衡山) lies in the central part of Hunan Province.__1__ is known as the southern mountain of the Five Great Mountains in China.Although it is only 1300.2 meters high，__2__ is not easy to reach __3__ top.
Yesterday I climbed it with my classmates.Early in the morning，__4__ gathered at the school gate and started to walk towards Mount Heng.It is about seven kilometers from our school to the mountain，but __5__ took us only one hour to get to the foot of the mountain.After a short rest，we began to climb it.
On the half way，we saw a snake by the road and most of __6__ were afraid of it，but Li Hua and Wang Lin weren't.__7__ even wanted to catch it.Half an hour later，__8__suddenly started to rain，but we went on walking.When we reached the top of the mountain，__9__ was eleven o'clock.__10__ was really great to stand on the top of the mountain.
1．It 2.it 3.its 4.we 5.it 7.They 8.it
9．it 10.It。