钻井专业英语题库（中级）

钻井专业英语题库（中级）
油田生产事业部专业英语题库（中级部分）
一、专业词汇英汉互译：
1.Crane Operator 吊车司机
2.Roustabout 甲板工
3.Head of Roustabout 甲板长
4.Floorman/roughneck 钻工
5.Derrickman 井架工
6.Assistant Driller 副司钻
7.Driller 司钻
8.Junior T oolpusher 值班队长
9.Senior T oolpusher 高级队长
10.Rig Manager 平台经理
11.Safety Supervisor 安全监督
12.Captain 船长
13.chief supervisor 总监
14.cleaning man 清洁工
15.drilling crew 钻井班
16.drilling engineer钻井工程师
17.drilling supervisor 钻井监督
18.bit diameter 钻头直径
19.bit footage 钻头进尺
20.bit position 钻头位置
21.casing size 套管尺寸
22.hole size 井眼尺寸
23.hook position 大钩位置
24.kelly - down/in depth 方入深度
25.kelly - up 方余
26.nozzle size 水眼尺寸
27.gas content 气含量
28.leakage 漏失量
29.mud volume 泥浆量
30.pump stroke 泵冲
31.hook load 大钩负荷
32.weight on bit 钻压
33.bit lift 钻头寿命
34.bit time 钻头纯钻时间
35.down time 停工时间
36.drilling hours 钻进时间
37.tripping time 起下钻时间
38.annular velocity 环空流速
39.pump speed 泵速
40.rotary speed 转盘转速
41.back pressure 回压
42.bottom–hole pressure 井底压力
43.oil reservoir pressure油层压力
44.pump pressure 泵压
45.shut–in casing pressure关井套压
46.bit cost钻头成本
47.bit type钻头类型
48.bit wear钻头磨损
49.dog leg ratio狗腿率
50.intensity 强度
51.sensitivity 灵敏度
52.table torque 转盘扭矩
53.tong torque 大钳扭矩
54.temperature 温度
55.wind direction 风向
56.one hundred 100
57.well depth 井深
58.nine point five feet 9.5 英尺
59.Equipment on floor 钻台设备
60.air chamber 空气包
61.air hoist/winch 气动绞车
62.brake lever/handle 刹把
63.brake line/staple 刹带
64.cantilever 悬臂梁
65.cathead line 猫头绳
66.cathead 猫头
67.catwalk 滑道
68.cellar deck/texas deck 井口甲板
69.clutch 离合器
70.crown block 天车
71.dead line anchor 死绳固定器
72.derrick 井架
73.dog house 值班室
74.drawworks 钻井绞车
75.driller’s console 司钻控制台
76.drilling line 钻井大绳
77.drum 滚筒
78.equalizing yoke 刹带的平衡杠
79.eye plates 吊环
80.fast line 快绳
81.hole opener 扩眼器
82.hook 大钩
83.hydraulic catwork 液压猫头
84.line reeving 滑车装绳数
85.monkey board 猴台
86.mouse hole 小鼠洞
87.ramp 坡道
88.rat hole 大鼠洞
89.rig floor 钻台
90.rotary hose 水龙带
91.rotary table 转盘
92.setback 立根盒
93.steel wire 钢丝绳
94.story 库房
95.tong bucket 大钳平衡器
96.top driver 顶驱
97.traveling block 游车
98.admission pipe 进气管
99.blow line 扫线管线
100.choke line manifold 阻流管汇一、专业词汇汉译英：1．导管conductor
2．灌泥浆管线fill up line
3．高/低压管线high/low pressure line 4．压井管线kill line 5．泥浆管线mud line
6．放压管线relief line
7．立管管汇stand pipe manifold
8．球阀ball valve
9．节流阀chock valve
10．浮阀float valve
11．旋塞阀plug cock valve
12．调节阀regulator valve
13．消防泵fire pump
14．混合泵mixing pump
15．计量泵mud supply pump
16．桥塞bridge plug
17．水泥塞cement plug
18．钻头bit
19．钻头水眼bit nozzles
20．母扣box
21．公扣pin
22．牙轮cone
23．变扣接头crossover sub/joint
24．钻铤drill collar
25．钻杆drill pipe
26．钻柱drill stem
27．加重钻杆heavy weight drill pipe 28．震击器jar
29．单根joint
30．非磁钻铤non-magnetic drilling collar 31．短钻铤pony drill collar
32．短钻杆pup joint
33．减震器shock absorber
34．扶正器stabilizer
35．立柱stand
36．三牙轮钻头three-cone bit
37．井眼well bore
38．造斜器whip stock
39．考克cock
40．通径规drift mandrel
41．吊卡elevator
42．提丝lifting plug
43．提升短节lifting sub
44．旋扣钳 pipe spinner
45．刮泥器pipe wiper
46．滑轮pulley
47．倒档齿轮reverse gear
48．大钳rig tong
49．钢圈ring gasket
50．安全卡瓦safety slips
51．卡环shackle
52．吊索sling
53．护丝thread protector
54．大钳牙板tong dies
55．石油p petroleum / oil
56．丝扣油thread dope
57．温度计thermometer
58．指重表weight indicator
59．井位location
60．缆绳mooring rope
61．超载overload
62．晕船sea sick
63．拖轮tug
64．套管接箍casing coupling
65．刮管器 casing scraper
66．套管鞋casing shoe
67．浮箍float collar
68．中间(技术)套管intermediate casing 69．挤水泥squeeze cement
70．打捞fishing
71．打捞公锥fishing nipple
72．打捞母锥fishing socket
73．打捞矛fishing spear
74．反循环打捞篮reverse circulation junk basket
75．卡瓦打捞筒slip socket
76．倒扣，卸扣back off
77．卸开break out
78．定向钻井directional drilling
79．地层测试formation test
80．压井kill the well
81．扣吊卡latch the elevator
82．卸扣break out
83．上扣make up
84．试压pressure test
85．侧钻side tracking
86．滑大绳slip drilling line
87．开钻spud in
88．卡钻stick
89．造扣thread making
90．井控 well control
91．通井wipe trip
92．甲板deck
93．柴油机diesel engine
94．出口outlet
95．进口 inlet
96．电话telephone
97．变压器transformer
98．救生衣life jacket
99．救生艇lifeboat
100．灭火器extinguisher
二、阅读理解：(True or False)
（一）
One thing is certain: a substantial reduction in Iran’s energy output would have a significant impact on global oil prices. Iran is the fourth-largest oil exporter in the world, behind only Saudi Arabia, Russia, and Norway. It sells more than 2.5 Million barrels a day and is believed to have about 10 percent of the world’s proven reserves. Many analysts say a supply cut could combine
with other market pressures to quickly drive prices up to $80 to $100 a barrel.
Is either side bluffing? Iran’s threat to pull oil off the market is not an empty one, Iran’s leaders, who want to visibly asser t their defiance of the West, need domestic support for the regime, and divides international opinion, have only the country’s energy exports with which to influence the outcome of the diplomatic
conflict.
Of course, were Iran to completely cut off its oil supply, it would badly damage its own economy. In addition, a total shutdown would harm many of Iran’s friends, though it would also increase oil income for those who are net exporters of oil, such as Russia and other OPEC members. But there are a number of incremental steps Iran can take that would rattle those who depend on affordable energy without sinking its own economy. If Iran cut 200,000 to 300,000 barrels a day, oil markets would react not only to the fall in supply but also to fears of what Tehran might do next.
1. Iran’s leaders need domestic support for the regime and divide international opinion. (T )
2. Russia is believed to have about 10 percent of the world’s proven reserves.（ F ）
3. If Iran cut 200,000 to 300,000 barrels a day, oil markets would react not only to the rise in supply but also to fears of what Tehran might do next. ( T )
4. A substantial reduction in Iran’s energy output would have a significant impact on global oil prices. ( T )
（二）
With exploration, drilling, and completion costs, the well
represents a substantial investment, and the produced oil or gas is a continuous source of revenue. To abandon the well would mean that the investment is insolvent and the well is not producing revenue, this is not a desirable situation. Consequently, in most companies a concerted effort id made to maintain the well on production as long as it has the potential for producing oil or gas. Before repairing a well, there is no guarantee that the well will produce after the work is performed－－a risk involved on workovers. To minimize the inherent risk of well repairs, the intelligent diagnosis if what is wrong with the well, coupled with
a sound repair plane is essential.
1.The investment in the oil is tremendous, including exploration, drilling, completion. (T)
2.To abandon the well is the last choice if necessary. (T)
3.So long as the well is maintained, the oil well continues production. (F)
4.Even though the oil or gas can flow into the casing after it is perforated,usually,the well is not produced through the casing.(T)
（三）
The main function of a rotary rig is to drill a hole, or as it is known in the industry, to make hole. Making hole with a rotary rig requires not only qualified personnel, but a lot of equipment as well. In order to learn about the components that it takes to make hole, it is convenient to divide them into four main systems: power, hoisting, rotating, and circulating. Various components comprise the last three systems, but
all require power to make them work.
1.The main function of the rotary rig is to drill or make the hole.(T)
2.Making hole with rotary rig requires the qualified personal , not needing so much equipment.(F)
3.The components of rig to make hole is divided into four systems. (T)
4.Of the four systems, power is very crucial to the other three, for they all require power to operate. (T)
(四)
A rig, depending on its size and how deep a hole it must drill, may have from two to four engines. Naturally, the bigger the rig, the deeper it can drill and the more power it will need. Thus, the big rigs have three or four engines, all of them together developing up to 3000 or more horsepower. Of course, once all the horsepower is develop, it must be sent, or transmitted, to the components to be put to work. Two common methods are used to transfer the power electrical and mechanical.
1、The number of the engines depends on the rig’s size and depth of the hole to be drilled. (T)
2、There is only one method to transfer the power. (F)
3、The needed power has nothing to do with the size of the rig. (F)
4、The power of the big rig , with three or four engines, can amount to 3000 or more horsepower. (T)
（五）
Diamond bits function the same as drag bits, particularly in the fact that both weight and rotary speed are directly related to drilling speed. The diamonds must be kept clean and cool, this hydraulic effort is just as important for diamond bit performance as when using roller bits. Under some condition diamond bits can drill almost as fast as roller types. They will often stay in good condition times longer, thus hole cost foot will be less
notwithstanding the higher price of the diamond bit. Analysis of performance using total cost per foot is important regardless of the type of bits employed.
1、Drilling Speed has direct impact on the weight of the bits and the rotary speed.
（T）
2、Diamond Bits can function the same with roller bits under any condition. （F）
3、This is no specific requirement for the kept condition of the diamond bits. （F）
4、Only for the diamond bits, the analysis of performance using total cost foot is
important.（F）
(六)
Drilling fluid --- mud --- is usually a mixture of water, clay, weighting material, and a few chemicals. Sometimes oil may be used instead of water, or a little oil is added to the water to fice the mud certain desirable properties. Drilling mud serves several very important functions. Mud is used to raise the cuttings made by the bit and lift them to the surface for disposal. But equally important, mud also provides a means for keeping underground pressures in check. Since a hole full of drilling mud exerts pressure (just as a swimming pool full of water exerts pressure, which is why a person's ears sometimes hurt when he dives to the bottom in the deep end of a pool), the mud pressure can be used to contain pressure in a formation. The heavier or denser the mud is, the more pressure it exerts. Weighting materials --- barite is the most popular --- are added to the mud to make it exert as much pressure as needed to contain formation pressures. Clay is added to the mud so that it can keep the bit cuttings in
suspension as they move up the hole. The clay also sheaths the wall of the hole. This thin veneer of clay called wall cake makes the hole stable so it will not cave in or slough (pronounced "sluff"). Numerous chemicals are available to give the mud the exact properties it needs to make it as easy as possible to drill the hole.
(1)Drilling fluid is the mixture of water and clay. （F）
(2)The main functions of mud are to lift the cutting to the surface and check
the underground pressure. （T）
(3)Weighting material is added to mud to set off the pressure in formation.
（T）
(4)Water is the only media of the mud . （F）
(七)
The drilling fluid that course through the system also provides the first line of defense against blowouts. A blowout can be an impressive sight. Gas, oil, or salt water spews into the air with a tremendous roar. If gas is present, the whole thing will probably be on fire, and the rig will lie as a melted, twisted mass of junk. Human lives are threatened; pollution may occur; precious oil or gas are wasted; and a rig worth many thousands or even millions oil or dollars may be a total loss. Obviously, it is very desirable not to allow blowouts, and, in fact, not many occur. But, because a blowout is often a spectacular show and human lives are sometimes lost, a blowout often becomes a media event. Unfortunately, the impression may linger that blowouts are not the rarity they actually are. In reality, rig crews go to great lengths to see that the well they are drilling remains under control and dose not get away from them.
(1) The rig crew should keep his eye on the well to make it under control. （T）
(2) The blowout will get the public attention, for it will exert great impact on the society. （T）
(3) The drilling fluid has the defective function against the blowouts. （T）
(4) Though there is the risk of blow out, people can do little to make up for it. （F）
(八)
The recovery operation of stuck pipe, packers, and loose equipment in a well is generally term ed “fishing”. A “fish” is part of a string or any other sizable piece of metal that might be loose in a well. Small pieces, such as a bit cone, a wrench, or any other relatively small, non-drillable item, are called junk. In any case, whenever there is junk or a fish in the hole, it must be removed or fished out so that drilling operations can continue.
The trouble might be caused by mechanical failure, corrosion, or abrasion. Any mechanical equipment run into a well, operated under heavy stress, may fail sooner or later despite care of manufacture, handling, and installation. The tools and techniques for fishing have been modified and improved as the drilling and well service industries have developed. The fishing tool trade today utilizes highly skilled personnel, sophisticated tools, and optional methods. Fishing for equipment lost in a well is an engineering techniques that requires knowledge of the various procedures and mechanical stresses that can be applied without resulting tool failure and further complications. Almost every fishing job presents special problems that require careful analysis and exercise of good judgment at each step in the procedure. It is absolutely necessary for a fishing tool operator to have full
working knowledge of his tools and related devices. There is no substitute for experience in this work.
Before a fishing job can begin, the string must be tripped out of the hole. First, the Kelly is broken out and is set in the rat-hole. Then the string is broken out in stands and stands are stood back on the rig floor. When all of the stands are stood back, the fishing can begin. The tool-pusher usually takes charges of the fishing operation.
(1) A “fish” may be part of a string of pipe or any other sizable piece of metal.
（T）
(2) The t erm “junk” usually means bit cone. （F）
(3) The fish trouble is usually caused by mechanical failure only. （F）
(4) While tools and techniques for drilling have been advanced considerably, the tools and techniques for fishing have also been modified a lot.（T）
（九）
There are many types of fishing tools. For example, there is a type of fishing tool called a “junk basket,” and there is another type called a “spear.” These fishing tools are very different. The spear is used for recovering lost casing. The spear
enters the bore of the lost pipe, therefore, the diameter of the spear must be smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe in the hole. Its teeth push out and grip the inner sides of the pipe tightly when the spear enters the pipe. Then it is usually possible to hoist the fish out of the borehole.
The junk basket is used for latching on to smaller pieces of junk. It’s used for recovering lost bit cutters. The bottom part of the basket is a shoe with hard teeth. The shoe has a hole in its
center. The fish is forced through the hole and enters the barrel of the basket. Spring fingers take the fish and avoid it dropping out of the barrel and falling back into the well.
Other fishing tools include powerful magnets and baskets through which mud can be circulated, both of which are useful for retrieving junk from the hole.
(1) The fishing tools, such as the junk basket and the spear, are interchangeable.
（F）
(2) The working of the spear is to make the spear enter the bore of the lost pipe,
its teeth gripping the inner sides of the pipe tightly then hoisting the fish out of the borehole. （T）
(3) The fishing basket also has very strong teeth for holding the fish. （T）
(4)There are only two types of fishing tools：junk basket and spear. （F）
（十）
The basic principles behind oil well drilling are the same whether the well will be drilled from a location on land, a fixed offshore platform or a floating marine vessel.
There are, however, considerable detailed differences between the various types of wells. This is particularly so when drilling takes place from a floating vessel where the movement of the vessel due to wave and wind action must be compensated for. Additionally, in floating marine operations the hazards are much greater than a land or fixed platform. Much of the well control mechanisms must be located on the sea bed and remotely controlled operation must be with absolute certainty. Complex and highly sophisticated control systems with complete
“safe” back up are employed. The following methods are needed in drilling a well.
Any deep well to be drilled is either a wildcat (an exploration well), an appraisal well (to gain more information about a recently discovered field—sometimes called a “step-out well”) or a development well, which is one of number of wells planned to drill up a known field. When drilling an appraisal or a development well, the final depth and what conditions the well be encountered will have been learned from the experience gained in drilling the wildcat or other wells and so detailed planning is possible. For a wildcat as the depths of the significant formations, including basement, are hypothetical, ample margins in casing and mud chemicals are required on site, or readily, to cover variations in the unknown factors which may occur. The stages illustrating the drill of a 15 000 feet deep test well is as described below.
After all the work of the Concession, Geophysical and Geological Departments is
completed, a site for a wildcat well can be chosen. The geological forecast for the well will have been issued, with the expected formation boundary depths including the possible oil or gas reservoir which is the target for the well. The forecast will also indicate the depths where porous or unstable formations could make drilling difficult. On the basis of this forecast, a planned schedule is prepared which will show all the material to be used, including the rig, company or contractor and estimates of what time and how much money will be required for the well.
A drilling programme covering the technical details for drilling the well is also prepared.
(1) The basic principles behind oil well drilling on land and
that on a floating
marine vessel are the same.（T）
(2) There are quite a lot of detailed differences between the various types of well
though the basic principles behind oil well drilling on land and that on a floating vessel are almost the same. （T）
(3) The first difference of on-land well drilling from that of a floating vessel
is that the movement of the vessel caused by the wind action must be set off.
（F）
(4) Another difference between them is that drill on the floating vessel or on a
sea platform will probably meets more hazards, thus some complex and highly sophisticated control system are employed. （T）
（十一）
Sometimes, it is possible for the drilling contractor to circulate air instead of drilling mud. Sometimes mud is not really needed in some formation conditions. There must be no danger of high pressure formations being encountered, and formations containing a lot of water cannot be drilled with air. The trouble with too much water is that it mixes with the very fine, dust-like cuttings ball up and can’t get out of the hole. Drilling is impeded, and the drill string could even get stuck in the hole.
However, when it’s possible to use air, dri lling rates are faster than when mud is used. Mud, being heavier than air, has a function to compact the cuttings made by the bit, so the bit spends a lot of time re-d rilling old cuttings as well as drilling new formation. When air is used, bit cuttings are not held on bottom
but are immediately blown away. To drill with air, large compressors must be used on the site to circulate down the drill string, out of the bit, and up the annulus. Of course, there’s no need to re-circulate old air, so the air and the cuttings carried up are blasted out through a line, which is just a piece of pipe run out to the reserve pits. It’s not often feasible to drill an entire hole using nothing but air. Usually, only a part of the hole is drilled with air, and, when it becomes necessary, the crew will switch over to drilling mud. However, when it is possible, drilling with air certainly makes for fast drilling rates.
(1) When the air mixed with very fine cuttings, it is difficult to get out the cuttings out of the hole. （F）
(2) When encountered with formation of high pressure, it is dangerous to apply air for circulation. （T）
(3) When the formations contain lots of water, it is dangerous to apply air for circulation. （T）
（4）When air is used, bit cuttings are not held on bottom but are immediately blown away. （T）
(十二)
Tripping the pipe back into the hole calls for a special skill in the part of one of the floormen, for he will perform a job known as throwing the spinning chain. As a stand of pipe hangs suspended in the hole, one end of the spinning chain is wrapped neatly around the tool joint of the suspended pipe. The other end of the chain is connected to the makeup cat-head. After the chain is wrapped, the crew stabs the next stand of pipe into the suspended stand, and the spinning chain is thrown. That is, the crewman, with a deft toss of the wrist, caused the chain to unwrap from the suspended pipe, move upward, and coil neatly around the tool joint of the stand that was just stabbed.
The driller then engages the cat-head to pull on the spinning chain. As the chain is pulled off the pipe, it caused the stand of the pipe to rotate, or spin. This motion screws the spinning stand into the suspended stand. The tongs are then used to buck up the stand to final tightness. Each time a stand is made up, the spinning chain and tongs are used until all of the drill string is back in the hole.
（1）After the chain is wrapped, the crew stabs the next stand of pipe into the suspended stand, and the spinning chain is thrown.（T）（2）As a stand of pipe hangs suspended in the hole, two end of the spinning chain is wrapped neatly around the tool joint of the suspended pipe. （F）（3）The floormen engages the cat-head to pull on the spinning chain. （F）（4）As the chain is pulled off the pipe, it caused the stand of the pipe to rotate, or spin. （T）
(十三)
When casing is set, cemented, and perforated and when the tubing string is run, then a collection of valves called a Christmas tree is installed on the surface at the top of the casing. Like so many terms in the oil industry, no one knows why this device on top of the well is called a Christmas tree. Perhaps all the valves and piping reminded someone of a traditional Christmas tree, the tubing in the well is suspended from the Christmas tree, so as the well's production from the well can be controlled by opening or closing valves in the Christmas tree.
Usually, once the Christmas tree is installed, the well can truly be said to be complete. The drilling contractor had done his job as called for in the drilling
contract, and he can move the rig to another location to start the well-drilling process all over again.
（1）Christmas tree is installed on the surface at the top of the casing. （T）（2）Some one knows why this device on top of the well is called a Christmas tree. （F）
（3）By opening or closing valves in the Christmas tree ，the well's production from the well can be controlled.（T）（4）Once the Christmas tree is installed, the well can truly be said to be complete，usually. （T）
(十四)
Directional drilling involves the use of some rather interesting downhole tools and techniques. For example, some means of kicking the hole off vertical must be used. This might be accomplished with a bent sub and a downhole motor. A sub (short for substitute) is a special device that is threaded of that it can be attached to or made up in the drill string. A bent sub is simply a short piece of pipe threaded of that it can be attached to or made up in the drill string. A bent sub is simply a short piece of pipe threaded on both ends, which has a bend in the middle. The bent has an angle of form 1 to 3 degrees. A downhole motor is a tool shaped like a piece of pipe that has turbine blades (a turbine is like a series of electric tan blades stacked in top of each other in a shaft), or it can be a multicurved steel shaft that turns inside an elliptically shaped opening in a housing. In practice, the bit is made up in the bottom of the downhole motor and the bent sub in the top. This assembly is tripped into the hole as usual.
（1）. Directional drilling involves the use of both special tools and special techniques.（T）
（2）. A bent sub (substitute) is a piece of drill pipe which has an bend in the middle with an angle of 1 to 3 degrees and is threaded at both ends
（T）
（3）. A downhole motor can be a multicurved steel shaft that turns inside an elliptically shaped opening in housing. （T）（4）. The bit is not made up in the bottom of the downhole motor and the bent sub in the top. （F）
（十五）
The main function of a rotary rig is to drill a hole, or as it is known in the industry, to make hole. Making hole with a rotary rig requires not only qualified personnel, but a lot of equipment as well. In order to learn about the components
that it takes to make hole, it is convenient to divide them into four main systems: power, hoisting, rotating, and circulating. Various components comprise the last three systems, but all require power to make them work.
(1)The main function of a rotary rig is to drill a hole(T)
(2)Making hole with a rotary rig requires a lot of equipment(T)
(3)The rotary rig can be divided into four main systems. (T)
(4)All the components require power to work. (T)
(十六)
A rig, depending on its size and how deep a hole it must drill, may have from two to four engines. Naturally, the bigger the rig, the deeper it can drill and the more power it will need. Thus, the big rigs have three or four engines, all of them together developing up to 3000 or more horsepower. Of course, once all the horsepower is develop, it must be sent, or transmitted, to the components to be put to work. Two common methods are used to transfer the power electrical and mechanical.
（1） A rig has one engine. (F)
（2）The bigger the rig, the deeper it can drill. (T)
（3）The bigger rig has 3000 or more horsepower. (T)
（4）There are two methods to transfer the power. (T)
A mechanical cat-head can be employed to make up or break out the drill string when it is being taken out or being put into the hole, or when a length of drill pipe is added as the hole deepens. The mechanical cat-head located on the side of the drawworks near the driller's position is the makeup cat-head because it plays a part when drill pipe is made up. The mechanical cat-head on the other side of the drawworks is the breakout cat-head because it plays a part when drill pipe is broken out.
（1）There are two cat-head on the rig floor. (T)
（2）The makeup cat-head is close to driller. (T)
（3）The cat-head can be employed to make up or break out the drill string.
(T)
（4）The breakout cat-head because it plays a part when drill pipe is broken out. (T)
(十八)
Drill string sticking can be divided into the following types: differential pressure sticking, cutting precipitation sticking, cutting bridge sticking, formation collapse sticking, tight hole sticking, key-seat sticking and falling object sticking. The first five types are directly related to drilling fluid and the differential pressure sticking is the most frequently encountered. Different types of sticking are provoked by different causes, have different indications and must be treated with different measures.
（1）There are total six types of drill string sticking(F)
（2）Key-seat sticking is related to drilling fluid
（3）The differential pressure sticking is the most frequently encountered(T) Different types of sticking have appreciative indications(F)。