尿路感染英文版

Ladies and Gentlemen，good morning! It is nice to meet you. My name is yan gui-ming. I work in Nursing college. This morning we will study “Urinary Tract Infection”. Its abbreviation is UTI.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that begins in urinary system. UTI can be painful and annoying. It also become a serious healthy problem if the infection spreads to kidneys.
First, let us look at a short film about UTI.
This video describes the causes of UTI. We all know that Women are most at risk of developing the UTI. In fact, one in five women will likely develop the UTI during her lifetime, and many will experience more than once. Women are 30 times more likely to have UTI than men are. Every year, 11% of women have at least one such infection, and up to 60% of all women will develop the UTI at some time in their lives.
why?1st let me describe the Structure of the Female Urinary Tract.
1. Female’s anatomic feature of urethra is wide, short and straight.
Women appear to be more likely than men to develop UTI. A key reason is their anatomic structure. Women have a shorter urethra than men have, which cuts down on the distance through which bacteria must travel to reach the bladder. The higher risk in women is mostly due to the shortness of the female urethra, which is one and one half inches compared to eight inches in men. Bacteria from fecal matter or vagina can be easily transferred to the urethra.
Surely, there are some other factors. Let us to see.
2. Other risk factors include:
●Anything that impedes the flow of urine, such as an enlarged
prostate in men or a kidney stone.
●Diabetes and other chronic illnesses that may impair the immune
system.
●Medications that lower immunity.
●Prolonged use of tubes (catheters) in the bladder.
In addition, a woman's immune system may play an inportant role in her risk of recurrent UTI. Bacteria may be able to attach to cells in the urinary tract more easily in women lacking certain immune factors or who have poorly defined immune factors. More research is needed to determine the exact factors involved and how such factors can be manipulated to benefit women with frequent UTI.
Let us study the symptoms of UTI.
Not all the people with the UTI develops recognizable signs and symptoms, but most people have some, including：
Burning sensation during urination, when they urinate they would feel burning sensation.
Frequent urge to urinate
Sudden pressure to urinate immediately
(sometimes incontinence may occur)
Having the sensation to urinate but being unable to do so
Cloudy urine which may be foul smelling
Blood present in the urine
A fever, vomiting or flank pain may mean that the infection
has reached the kidneys
These are all the symptoms of urinary tract infections.
The patients can take steps to reduce their risk of urinary tract infections. Women in particular may benefit from the following treatment:
Doing physical fitness and improve immune capability.
This is very important.If a small amount of bacteria entering the urethra,it will be killed by healthy body.
Now let us take a test：how many people could insist physical training once a week?From the survey we can find many people cannot insist on physical training. So resistance decrease and disease incidence increase.
Drink plenty of liquids, especially water.
Let us take a test again：how many people could insist drink a cup of water every morning? We know more water and more urination can
douche urethra. It is a good habit. So in the future I hope everyone can drink some water in the morning.
Reasonable food
Don’t eat too hot food. Stop smoking and drinking. Eat enough fresh fruits and make sure you're getting vitamin C in your diet, either through diet or supplements. Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, makes your urine acidic, which discourages the growth of bacteria. Drinking cranberry juice may also produce the same effect. Cranberry tablets are a more concentrated form of cranberry juice without the sugar content.
Health care
Female should clean the skin of perineal region regularly. For example after defecation and urination they ought to wash.
Take showers rather than baths
I think most people can do it.
Wear cotton underwear , changing at least once a day.
In the class we have studied etiological factors, symptoms and prevention of UTI. After class please review the content from these items. Now it is accomplishment. Thank you very much.。