陕西省西安市高考英语阅读理解和短文改错暑假选练3

陕西省西安市2016高考英语阅读理解和短文改错暑假选练3
阅读理解。

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

Education in the United States is compulsory for children up to about the age of sixteen. Most young people stay in school longer than that. Most graduate from high school at the age of 17 or 18.
Almost half of these high school graduates continue their education at a college or university. Education for most young people in this country is free up to the time they graduate from high school. There are private schools, but most parents send their children to public schools, where students do not pay tuition. When young people go to college, however, they must pay tuition at a public university or a private university. University costs are going up a lot：private universities have become very expensive because the government does not help them.
Who pays? The parents of children in college may have to pay more, or often students may have to find jobs. These students have to worry about assignments and grades and also about their jobs. If they work too much at their jobs they may be absent from class or miss assignments or make too many errors on tests. They may even fail their courses and have to leave the university.
For many students, the problem of getting an education is not just a problem of homework and exams. They also have to make money to pay for tuition. And professors don't teach them how to do that!
1．In the United States, almost half of the high school graduates________.
A．go to colleges and universities
B．need not pay any tuition
C．have to enter open universities
D．work hard to avoid errors on tests
答案：A 本题考查细节题。

由文章第二段第一句“Almost half of these high school graduates continue their education at a college or university”可知，几乎有一半的中学生毕业都在大学或学院里继续深造。

2．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Most parents prefer to send their children to public schools rather than to private schools due to tuition.
B．Education is not free until the students graduate from high school.
C．University costs are on the increase.
D．The students may be absent from class if they work overtime.
答案：B 本题考查细节理解。

由文章第二段第二句“Education for most young people in this country is free up to the time they graduate from high school.”可知，在这个国家，大多数年轻人接受的免费教育可持续到中学毕业，而这正与B的意思相反，因此B 是正确答案。

3．The private university students have to pay more money for tuition because________.
A．the government does not finance the private universities
B．none of companies support the private universities
C．the teaching quality of the private universities are superior to public ones D．they have some trouble in passing the exams
答案：A 本题考查细节理解。

由文章第二段第五句“University costs are going up a lot; private universities have become very expensive because the government does not help them.”可知，私立大学学费高昂的原因是政府不资助私立学校。

4．The main idea of the passage might be________.
A．selecting a good university costs in the United States
B．the increase on university costs in the United States
C．the argument about education in the United States
D．the problem of getting an education in the United States
答案：D 本题考查主旨大意。

纵观全文，一直谈论的都是在美国教育中遇到的问题，因此D项是正确答案。

阅读理解。

The pound new Library of Birmingham（LoB）will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization（数字化）of everyday life.
Set to open in 2013, the £188 m LoB is already beginning to tale shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, with which it will share some equipment.
As digital media（媒介）is important to its idea. the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies. Brian Gambles, the LoB project director, says it is about giving people the right tools for learning, “The aim is to mix the physical with the digital. Providing
24-hour services which can be used through many different ways. It is important to enable us to reach more people, more effectively.”
The digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing the distant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public. Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual（虚拟的）LoB, designed by Baden, the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.
Two other small Birmingham-based digital companies are working on the LoB projects. Substrat, a digital design company, is developing what it calls “enlarge reality” project. It is about the use of an exciting smart phone, an important part of the LoB which is in the early stages of development is an online library of figures of the city being built by a digital content company in Cahoots, in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material.
Gambles says: “Technology will enable us to make the library’s content and services open to citizens as sever before.”
( ) 1. The underline part “its idea” in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of____.
A. the equipment
B. the project
C. the digital media
D. the physical library
( ) 2. While visiting the Virtual LoB, the public can_____.
A. get a general idea of the LoB
B. meet many world-famous experts
C. learn how to put up a library building
D. understand how the specialists work on the project
( ) 3. Which of the following is true of the LoB when it opens?
A. a, b, d
B. a, c, e
C. b, c, d
D. b, d, e
( ) 4. This text is most probably taken from .
A. a put book
B. a library guide
C. a handbook
D. a newspaper report
【答案与解析】
【要点综述】本篇文章为新闻报道类文体。

文章报道了Library of Birmingham（伯明翰图书馆）将会投巨资改建成一个全新的数字化图书馆的事情。

1．B词义推断题。

通过分析单词所在的这个句子，可知its（它的）指代的是主句中的主语“这个工程的”，its idea便是指the idea of the project。

2．A细节理解题。

根据第6段第2句“Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.”可知答案为A。

B、C、D说法均有误。

3．A细节理解题。

根据第4段“it is about giving people the right tools for learning”，“which can be used through many different ways”及第7段“in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material”可知。

4．D推理判断题。

文章首段便简明地概括了文章主题，全文体现较明显的及时性，这是新闻类文体的典型特征，据此可判断文章应来源于一篇新闻报道。

【由江苏省盐城市2014模拟改编】
阅读理解。

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

First lady Michelle Obama turns 50 on Friday, Jan. 17, 2014.
Michelle Obama has spent the first half-century of her life breaking barriers and checking off a series of firsts. Now, as she reaches her milestone birthday Friday, the nation will be watching to see in what other areas she will leave her mark.
Five years after moving into the White House, and without a re-election campaign to worry about, she has more room to relax in her role and, political watchers say, possibly become more vocal (声音的) on political issues in the three years left in office.
So far, critics have complained about Michelle’s silence on issues where they expected to hear her voice: Last year, at the start of her husband's second term, she disappointed advocates for tighter gun-control measures after she failed to push harder on the issue in response to the massacre (残杀) at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn. She also disappointed some feminists (女权主义者) who wanted her to defend their causes instead of falling back on her self-described role as the nation’s “mom-in-chief.” Nor did she handle racial issues during her second term, as some had expected.
“The most important thing to remember is, whether you are black, white or Hispanic, you’re the first lady and t he president of all the people in the United States. That’s a huge melting pot, so to reinforce (强化)that she's African American over anything else would not be wise,” said Anita McBride, who directs programming and national conferences on the legacies (遗产) of America’s first ladies and their historical influence at American University.
Valerie Jarrett, a top White House adviser and a close friend of the Obamas, said the first lady doesn't want to “spread herself too thin.”
“She really wants to have a maximum impact and to do that in fewer areas,” Jarrett told the Associated Press. “That, she said, “is better than trying to take on every single possible cause.”
But Robert Watson, a Lynn University professor, said he expects Obama to “go a little harder at issues” over the next several years. “Second-term first ladies usually feel more at ease to speak more forcefully about issues close to their heart,” he said.
Myra Gutin, a Ryder University communications professor and frequent lecturer on first ladies, said she expects Obama to continue making both of them a priority in her remaining years in the White House, given their success. Michelle launched
the “Let’s Move” campaign in 2010. It in particular has gained widespread support, ranging from the National Football League to the Sesame Street franchise (特许), which even gave permission to the produce industry to use its licensed characters
for free on fruits and vegetables.
“There’s no such thing as a traditional first lady, not anymore in this technology-filled world. Is Mrs. Obama cutting edge? Is she an activist? No. As
first ladies go, I think she’s been politically careful because she does not want there to be a major flare-up that would require her husband to use his political capital to clean up,” she said. “But she’s not exactly just sitting in the White House pouring tea and having receptions, either.”
1、Critics were disappointed with Michelle because _______.
A．she didn’t put gun-control measures into effect
B．she failed some feminists to stand out to be a career woman
C．she didn’t solve some racial problems
D．she failed to voice her opinion on some issues
2、According to the professors or advisers, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．It’s not wise to reinforce Michelle is African American over anything else.
B．It’s better for Michelle to have a maximum impact than to take on every possi ble cause.
C．It's expected for Michelle to go a little harder at issues.
D．It’s a tradition for first ladies to stay out of political issues.
3、What does the underlined phrase “spread herself too thin” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Try to do a lot of work at the same time.
B．Get very tired.
C．Try to improve physical fitness.
D．Move herself away from others.
4、In Paragraph 9, the campaign “Let’s Move” might be aiming to help people _______..
a. gain widespread support
b. become more physically active
c. have access to healthier foods
d. raise awareness about gun control
A．a, c B．a, b C．b, c D．c, d
【参考答案】1---4、DDAC
【由江苏省盐城市2014模拟改编】
阅读理解。

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Spanish explorers called them Las Encantadas, the Enchanted Isles, and Charles Darwin used his studies of the islands as the foundation for his theory of natural selection. The Galapagos are among the world's most important scientific treasures, a group of volcanic islands surrounded by deserted beaches and inhabited by unique varieties of giant tortoise, lizards, and birds.
Yet life on this United Nations world heritage site has turned sour. Battles have broken out between fishermen and conservationists. Ecuador, which owns the islands, has sent a naval patrol (海军巡逻队) to put down disturbances.
The controversial director of the Galapagos National Park—which controls 97 percent of Galapagos land and the reserve extending to 40 miles offshore—has been fired, while an air of uneasy tension hangs over the islands, as the islanders prepare for election when they pick their representatives in Ecuador’s national assembly.
“It’s a very tense situation,” said Leonor Stjepic, director of the London-based Galapagos Conservation Trust, which raises money to help projects on the islands. “We are watching it with concern.”
The violence has been triggered by an alarming growth in the islands’ population. Puerto Ayora, on Santa Cruz island, housed just 45 inhabitants in the 50s. Today there are more than 10,000, while the islands' total population is more
than 19,000 and growing by 6 percent a year, despite recently introduced a law to limit waves of immigrants fleeing the poor areas of Ecuador for a life “in paradise (天堂)”. On top of this, more than 100,000 tourists visit the islands every year. Such numbers have put the islands, special ecology under intense pressure. Conservationists backed by the Ecuador government, have replied by exercising strict controls to protect the islands* iguanas, blue-footed boobies, and giant tortoises.
These moves have angered many local people, however. They want to exploit (开发利用) the islands’ waters and catch its protected species of sharks, lobsters and sea cucumbers, which can fetch high prices in Japan and South Korea.
Angry fishermen surrounded the Charles Darwin research station on Santa Cruz last February, threatened to kill Lonesome George—the last surviving member of the Pinta Island species of the Galapagos giant tortoise.
The situation got improved after the Ecuador government made concessions (让步) by increasing fishing quotas (配额), which angered conservationists. “It is tragic, the short-term gain of a few fishermen versus the long-term survival of the Galapagos,” said John McCosker of the California Academy of Sciences. “They are killing the golden goose.”
Then, the Ecuador government appointed Fausto Cepeda as the national park's new director, a post that has become a political football for the mainland government. There have been nine directors in the past 18 months.
This appointment was particularly controversial, however. Cepeda was known to have close ties with the fishing industry, and the rangers (管理员),who run the national park and reserve, rebelled.
More than 300 staged a sit-in at the park’s headquarters a nd prevented Cepeda from taking up his post. A battle broke out, and at least two people suffered serious injuries. Eventually, Cepeda—with the fishermen’s help- entered the park. “I am in office, i am in control. And I am trying to lower the tension,” he announced. The Ecuador government took no chances, and sent a patrol boat to maintain the peace. A few days later, Ecuador Environment Minister Fabian Valdivicso met
representatives of rangers. After discussions, he told newspapers that he had decided to remove Cepeda from the post.
However, as the population continues to rise, the long-term pressures on the islands are serious and will not disappear that easily.
“We have to balance its special environment with the needs of local people.
In that sense, it is a microcosm (缩影) for all the other threatened parts of the world. So getting it right here is going to be a very, very important trick to pull off,” said Stjepic.
1、What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．The island’s swel ling population.
B．The law to limit waves of immigrants.
C．A life in paradise.
D．The tourists’ visiting the islands every year.
2、How significant were the islands for Charles Darwin?
A．He based his theory on his studies there.
B．He built the Charles Darwin research center there.
C．He advocated the balance between ecology and people there.
D．He found the last surviving giant tortoise there.
3、What is the primary contributing factor to the conflict between conservationists and fishermen?
A．The dismissal of the previous director of the Galapagos National Park.
B．The exploitation of the islands.
C．The government's support of Galapagos Conservation Trust.
D．Cepeda’s close tie with the fishing industry.
4、We can learn from the passage that _______.
A．the projects of Galapagos Conservation Trust on the islands are profitable B．conservationists get angry when fishermen are killing a goose
C．politicians from the mainland government play football on the islands
D．the government is trying to ease the tension
5、In Paragraph 13, what does the author mean by “The Ecuador government took no chances”?
A．The government did not seize opportunities.
B．The government made no compromises.
C．The government did not run risks.
D．The government shrank from responsibilities.
【参考答案】1---5、AABDC
【广西省南宁市2014高考英语模拟试题】
短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。

对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（╲）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：原行没有错的不要改。

不按上述要求改的不给分。

I was a high school student then, from low-income 76. _____ family. So I have to work to support my family. My 77. _____
first one job was to clean the tables in a small restaurant. 78. _____
I still remember going there early and felt anxious about 79. _____
the new world. I worked harder because I was afraid of 80. _____
losing the job. At night, I was sometimes very tired to do 81. _____
my homework. And I came to understand that was not 82. _____
easy to earn money, and that knowledges could change 83. _____
my life. So what I learned from the job, in a hard 84. _____
way, was much more important as what I earned. 85. _____
【参考答案】短文改错
76. 【解析】from后加a “来自一个低收入家庭”为泛指，需加a。

77. 【解析】have→had和上下文对应，用一般过去时。

78. 【解析】one my first job “我的第一份工作”，one多余。

89. 【解析】felt→feeling feeling和and前的going相对应。

80. 【解析】harder→hard此处的hard无比较意义。

81. 【解析】very→too 构成too. . . to. . . 结构，“太……而不能”。

82. 【解析】that→it it在宾语从句中作形式主语，真正主语是to earn money。

83. 【解析】knowle dges→knowledge knowledge是不可数名词。

84. √
85. 【解析】as→than构成more. . . than(比……多)比较结构。

【河北省石家庄市2014高考英语质量检测】
短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词
注意：l．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I've learned from the newspaper that your company is looking for receptionist．I’m very interesting in the job and I’d like to apply to the position．
First of all, allow me to introduce myself．I had just graduated from high school and taken the University Entrance Examination． I want to find out a part-time job in the summer． I'm 18 year old and have a good command of English, especial in terms or speaking and listening In fact, I once won the rust prize in die English speech competition hold in our school Besides, I'm quite easy-going hut therefore very popular among my classmates．
【参考答案】短文改错（10×1=10）：
I have learned from the newspaper that your co mpany is looking for∧ receptionist.
a
I’m very interesting in the job and I’d like to apply to the position.
interested for
First of all, allow me to introduce myself. I had just graduated from high school have
and taken the University Entrance Examination. I want to find out a part-time job in the
summer. I’m 18 year old and have a good command of English, especial in terms of speaking
years especially
and listening. In fact, I once won the first prize in the English speech competition hold in our
held
school. Besides, I’m quite easy-going but therefore very popular among my classmates. and
I sincerely hope you can give us a chance. I’m looking forward to your early reply.
me。