中考英语 专项十四 特殊句型 牛津译林版

特殊句型
特殊句型主要指虚拟语气、倒装句、省略句等特殊句式。

虚拟语气是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表示与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况假设；倒装句是指在特殊情况下主语和谓语用倒装语序，这是中考的常考内容，因此，在复习过程中要认真理解并记忆。

考点一虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，不是表示客观存在的事实。

虚拟语气是通过句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表示的。

1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设
◇条件从句的谓语动词：动词过去式(be一般用were)；
◇主句的谓语动词：should(would)+动词原形。

如：
If I had more time, I should study Japanese.如果我有更多的时间，我就学日语。

If she were not so busy, she would come here with me.
要是她不那么忙，她就和我一起来这里了。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设
◇条件从句的谓语动词：had +动词过去分词；
◇主句的谓语动词：should (would) +have +动词过去分词。

如：
If you had worked hard, you wouldn’t have failed the exam.
如果你早用功，你就不至于考试不及格了。

He would have gone to bed if he had finished doing his homework in time.
假如他及时做完了作业，他早就上床睡觉了。

3. 表示与将来事实相反的假设
◇条件从句的谓语动词：
⑴动词过去式
⑵Should＋动词原形
⑶Were to＋动词原形
◇主句的谓语动词：should(would)+动词原形。

如：
If it rained tomorrow, our picnic w ould be put off. 如果明天下雨，我们的野餐就推迟。

If you should be late tomorrow, we would not wait for you. 万一你明天迟到了，我们就不等你了。

【链接中考】
（江苏常州）
If I ______ you, I would try my best to grasp the chance.
A. am
B. are
C. were
D. was
【答案】C
考点二倒装句
英语句子的语序有时由于修辞的需要，把谓语或部分谓语提到主语之前，这样的句子称为倒装句。

倒装句分为完全倒装(谓语全部置于主语之前)和部分倒装(部分谓语放在主语之前)两种。

1. 大部分疑问句使用倒装语序
Are you wa tching TV? 你在看电视吗？
What are you looking for? 你在找什么？
2. so，neither，nor引导的倒装句
so，neither，nor位于句首，表示与前面谓语所述情况相同。

如：
①-- I am a doctor. 我是医生。

-- So am I. 我也是(医生)。

②-- He will go skating. 他要去滑冰。

-- So will she. 她也要去(滑冰)。

③-- I didn’t finish my homework. 我作业没写完。

-- Neither did I. 我也没写完。

④-- I haven’t been to the Summer Palace. 我没有去过颐和园。

-- Neither have I. 我也没有去过(颐和园)。

⑤The two-year-old child can not eat a meal herself; nor can she dress (herself).这个两岁的孩子还不会自己吃饭, 她也不会自己穿衣服。

3. 以here, there开头的句子常用倒装语序
以here, there开头的句子，若后面的主语为名词，主谓语序要倒装。

如：
There comes a bus. 来了一辆公共汽车。

Here is your change. 这是找给你的零钱。

【注意】
以here, there开头的句子，若后面的主语为代词，主谓语序不能倒装。

如：
Here you are. 给你。

【链接中考】
（2015江苏无锡）—What language is that guy speaking? I can hardly catch a single word！—________. He’s from India, so I guess it is Hindi.
A. Neither I can
B. Neither can I
C. So I can
D. So can I
【答案】B
（2015湖南邵阳）—Mr. Black goes to work by car every day.
—______.
A. So does Mr. Green
B. So Mr. Green does
C. So is Mr. Green
【答案】A
考点三省略句
省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。

按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句。

其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。

1. 简单句的省略
⑴ 在对话中省略主语和连系动词。

如：
-- How are you, Bill? 比尔，你好吗?
-- Fine, thank you. 很好，谢谢称。

⑵ 在祈使句中，省略主语you。

如：
Don’t worry. 别急。

⑶在感叹句中，省略名词前的形容词、修饰动词的副词以及句子的主语和谓语。

如：
What a (beautiful) girl (she is)! 多么漂亮的女孩啊！
⑷ 在表示说话人的意见或看法的句子中，省略主语。

如：
-- Shall we go swimming this afternoon? 今天下午去游泳好吗？
-- Sounds great. 听起来好极了。

⑸ 在—艇疑问句中，省略主语和助动词。

如：
-- Jim，(do you) often play basketball? 吉姆，你经常打篮球吗?
-- Yes, I often play basketball.是的，我经常打篮球。

⑹ 省略句中与前一句相同的动词不定式符号后的部分，只留下动词不定式的符号to。

如：
-- Would you lik e to go shopping with us? 你愿意和我们一起买东西吗?
-- Ye s, I’d like(love) to. 是的，我愿意。

(省略了go shopping with us)
2. 并列句的省略
⑴ 在并列句中，如果后一分句的主语、谓语与前一分句的主语、谓语相同，则相同的部分通常省略。

如：
She was poor but (she was) honest. 她虽然穷，但很诚实。

⑵ 如果并列句中前一分句的谓语可以通过后一分句的谓语来体现，则前一分句中的谓语常省略。

如： Mary can (speak English) and Mary ought to speak English.玛丽会说英语，并且应该说英语。

3. 复合句的省略
⑴ 由which，when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。

如：
-- Will Tom come here? 汤姆回来这里吗？
-- Yes, he will. But I don’t know when (he will come).是的，他会。

但我不知道他什么时候来。

⑵ 用I’m afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答时，其后的宾语从句常省略。

如果从句是肯定句，则用so代替；如果从句是否定句，则用not代替。

如：
-- Can you come to the party tomorrow evening? 明天晚上你能来参加聚会吗？
-- I think so/ that I can come to the party tomorrow evening. 我想能来。

【链接中考】
（湖北省宜昌）—Don’t forget to turn off the lights if you are the last one to leave.
—_______.
A. Me neither
B. I won’t
C. Me too
D. I will
【答案】B
（浙江省杭州）—Will you be able to come and help us clean the room?
—______, b ut I’m doing my homework.
A. I’d love to
B. I hope not
C. I do care
D. I’m afraid not
【答案】A
（2015湖南益阳）—A re you sure you can do well in today’s test, Lily?
—______. I have got everything ready.
A. It’s hard to say
B. I’m afraid not
C.I think so
【答案】C
（2015 湖北黄冈）—I haven’t been to the science museum for a long time. What about you?—_______. Could you go with me this weekend?
A. Me too
B. Me neither
C. So have I
D. Me either
【答案】B
考点四直接引语变间接引语
直接引语是直接引用别人的话，而间接引语是由第三者转述别人所说的话。

1. 由直接引语变为间接引语
将直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语均需做相应的变化。

⑴ 第一人称需转换为第二或第三人称。

⑵ 现在时态、将来时态均需转换为相应的过去时态，—般过去时态需改为过去完成时态。

⑶ 指示代词this，these需转换为that，those。

⑷ 时间状语也需做相应变化，ago需改为before。

⑸ 表地点的here应改为there。

2. 各种句型的直接引语改为间接引语的方法
⑴ 陈述句改间接引语时，常用动词said，told，连接词是that，多被省略。

如：
Ben said, “I won’t go to Marcia’s house on Friday night.”
→Ben said (that) he wouldn’t go to Marcia’s house on Friday night.
Lana said, “I’m not mad at you anymore.”
→Lana told me (that) she wasn’t mad at me anymore.
⑵ 一般疑问句常使用if或whether来将其改为间接引语（选择疑问句只能用whether），常用ask来引述，可以加间接宾语，如：me，him，us，you等。

语序使用陈述句语序。

如：
She said, “Could I copy your homework?”
→She asked (me)if／whether she could copy my homework.
She sa id, “Is this book yours or hers?’’’
→She asked (me) whether that book was me or hers.
⑶ 特殊疑问句的间接引语仍由原来的特殊疑问词引导，语序使用陈述句语序。

如：
She said, “Why do you not think it is a good idea?”
→She asked why I didn’t think it was a good idea.
⑷ 祈使句的间接引语需用tell(ask, advise) sb. (not) to do sth.句式。

如：
He said to Jim, “Don’t do the work any more.”
→He told Jim not to do the work any more.
She sa id to us, “Please have a rest.”
→She asked us to have a re st.
3. 直接引语变为间接引语时，下列内容一般不改变
⑴ 直接引语是客观真理时，在间接引语中时态不变。

如：
The teacher said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
→The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.
⑵ 直接引语有明确的表示过去的时间状语时，在间接引语中时态不变。

如：
He said, “I was born in 1990.”
→He said that he was born in 1990.
⑶ 直接引语中有when，since引导的表示过去时间的状语从句时，在间接引语中时间状语从句的时态不变。

如：
Tom said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”
→Tom said that he had studied English since he was a boy.
⑷ 如果是当时当地转述，地点、时间状语不变。

【链接中考】
（2015贵州安顺）She said, “I have seen the interesting film.”（改为间接引语）
She said that seen the interesting film.
【答案】she had
一、单项选择。

1. If I ______ you, I would go with him.
A. am
B. are
C. were
D. was
2. If it ______ tomorrow, we should change our plane.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. shall rain
D. should rain
3. -- Have you ever been to Beijing?
-- No, but I wish I ______.
A. have
B. had
C. do
D. will
4. Without electricity human life ______ quite different today.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D. would be
5. -- I usually have milk and bread for breakfast.
-- ______.
A. So have I
B. So I have
C. So do I
D. So I do
6. -- It’s very hot, but quite wet today.
-- ______.
A. So is it
B. It is so
C. So it is
D. So it does
7. -- I’ve given all my pocket money to the people in Sichuan.
-- ______. I hope they can get over the difficulties they are meeting.
A. So am I
B. So have I
C. So I have
D. So I am
8. -- Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
-- I don’t know, _____.
A. nor don’t I care
B. nor do I care
C. I don’t care neither
D. I don’t care also
9. Be quick! _____.
A. The bus comes here
B. The bus here comes
C. Here the bus comes
D. Here comes the bus
10.-- Would your sister go to Hainan this summer?
-- If I don’t go, ______.
A. neither will she
B. neither does she
C. so will she
D. so does she
二、将下列直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词。

1.Mother said, “Don’t read in bed! It’s had for your eyes.”
Mother told me _____ _____ read in be d. It’s had for my eyes.
2. “Can you help me carry the heavy box upstairs?” Mr. White asks.
Mr. Whit e asks _____ _____ _____ help _____ carry the heavy box upstairs.
3. He said, “I like math very much.”
He said that _____ _____ math very much.
4. “Where will you wait for me?” She asked me.
She asked me _____ I _____ wait for her.
5.Mr. Wang asked Lin Tao, “Does he live in Beijing?”
Mr. Wang asked Lin Tao _____ he _____ in Beijing.
【答案】
一、1-5 CDBDC 6-10 CBBDA
二、1.not to 2.if / whether I can, him 3.he liked 4.where, would 5.if / whether, lived。