SPSS软件应用具体操作及结果分析剖析

SPSS软件操作练习
参考书：《生物统计学》张勤主编（第 2 版）
一、均数差异显著性检验
（一）单个样本 t 测验
（二）独立样本测验（两个样本重组比较）
（三）两个样本配对比较
二、方差分析
（一）单因素方差分析（样本量相等、样本量不等）
三、相关回归分析
相关分析：Analyze → Correlate → Bivariate （简单相关）
相关回归： Analyze→ Regression→ Linear 注意： Dependent：因变量y Independent ：自变量x
四、卡方测验
（一）独立性： Date Weight →Cases→Frequency Variable（观察值)→ok
Analyze →Descriptive Statistics→Crosstabs→Row(行）、Columns(列)→Statistics→Chi-Square （二）适合性测验： Date Weight →Cases→Frequency Variable（观察值)→ok
Analyze →Nonparametric Tests →Chi-Squareic （注意比例的填写）
五、两因素方差分析
（一）两因素无重复值方差分析
（二）两因素有重复值方差分析
一、均数差异显著性检验
（一）单个样本 t 测验
One-Samp le Test
Test Value = 21
95% Conf idence
Interv al of the
Mean Dif f erence
t df Sig. (2-tailed)Dif f erence Lower Upper
Vit-1.03516.316-1.00000-3.0486 1.0486
由结果可知： t=-1.035 sig=0.316>0.05该批罐头的平均维生素C与规定的 21mg/g 无显著差异。

注： Sig.(2-tailed)双侧检验概率95% confidence....差值的95%置信下线和置信上线
（二）独立样本测验（两个样本重组比较）
P70 例 5.3
Independent Samples Test
Lev ene's Test f or
Equality of Variances t-test f or Equality of Means
95% Conf idence
Interv al of the
Mean Std. Error D if f erence
F Sig.t df Sig. (2-tailed) D if f erence D if f erence Lower U pper
增重Equal v ariances
.389-.92310.378-.81000.87744-2.76507 1.14507 assumed.812
Equal v ariances
-.9239.363.379-.81000.87744-2.78325 1.16325 not assumed
由结果可知：两样本方差齐质性测验中F=0.812 Sig=0.389>0.05方差同质，因此选择t=-0.923 Sig=0.378>0.05两种不同饲料对香猪生长无显著差异。

注： Levene’e text for equality of Variances两样本方差齐质性检验
P73例5.6
增重Equal v ariances
assumed
Equal v ariances
not assumed
Independent Samples Test
Lev ene's Test f or
Equality of Variances t-test f or Equality of Means
95% Conf idence
Interv al of the
Mean Std. Error D if f erence
F Sig.t df Sig. (2-tailed) D if f erence D if f erence Lower U pper
8.208.010 2.07118.0537.50000 3.62169-.1089015.10890
2.07112.021.0617.50000
3.62169-.3894315.38943
由结果可知方差同质测验结果F=8.208 sig=0.010<0.05说明方差不同质，因此应选择t=2.071 df=12.021 sig=0.061>0.05
（三）两个样本配对比较
P75例5.7
Paired Samples Test
Paired Dif f erences
95% Conf idence
Interv al of the
Std. Error Dif f erence
Mean Std. Dev iation Mean Lower Upper t df Sig. (2-tailed) Pair 1正常饲料组- VE缺乏组812.50000546.25347193.12977355.820671269.179 4.2077.004
有结果可知， t=4.207 sig=0.004<0.01用正常日粮饲喂的动物肝脏中的维生素 A 含量与用维生素
E 饲喂的动物肝脏中的维生素 A 的含量差异极显著。

注： Mean 差值均数Std.deviation 差值的标准差Std.error mean 差值的标准误
二、方差分析
（一）单因素方差分析（样本量相等、样本量不等）
P83例6.1
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
增重
Lev ene
Statistic df 1df 2Sig.
注： Test homogenity of variance 变异的同质性测验
方差同质测验结果Sig=0.302>0.05方差同质
ANOVA
增重
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups2970.0003990.00010.219.001 W ithin Groups1550.0001696.875
Total4520.00019
F=10.219 Sig=0.001<0.05差异显著需进行多重比较
注： ANOV A 方差分析表
Between... within...total.. .组间、组内、总变异
Sum of squares 离均差平方和
Mean square 均方
Post Hot Tests多重比较：
最小显著差数法（ LSD法）
Multiple C omparisons
D e pend ent Varia ble:增重
LSD
Mean
D if f erence
95% Conf idence Interv al
(I) 组别(J)组别(I-J)Std. Error Sig.Lower Bound Upper Bound
饲料 1饲料 221.00000* 6.22495.0047.803734.1963饲料 332.00000* 6.22495.00018.803745.1963
饲料 427.00000* 6.22495.00113.803740.1963饲料 2饲料 1-21.00000* 6.22495.004-34.1963-7.8037饲料 311.00000 6.22495.096-2.196324.1963
饲料 4 6.00000 6.22495.349-7.196319.1963饲料 3饲料 1-32.00000* 6.22495.000-45.1963-18.8037饲料 2-11.00000 6.22495.096-24.1963 2.1963
饲料 4-5.00000 6.22495.434-18.19638.1963饲料 4饲料 1-27.00000* 6.22495.001-40.1963-13.8037饲料 2-6.00000 6.22495.349-19.19637.1963
饲料 3 5.00000 6.22495.434-8.196318.1963 *.
The mean dif f erence is signif icant at the .05 lev el.
在 a=0.05 时，饲料 1 与饲料 2、 3、4 差异显著；饲料 2 与饲料 3、4 差异不显著；
Multiple C omparisons
D e pend ent Varia ble:增重
LSD
Mean
D if f erence
99% Conf idence Interv al
(I)组别(J) 组别(I-J)Std. Error Sig.Lower Bound U pper Bound
饲料 1饲料 221.00000* 6.22495.004 2.818339.1817饲料 332.00000* 6.22495.00013.818350.1817
饲料 427.00000* 6.22495.0018.818345.1817饲料 2饲料 1-21.00000* 6.22495.004-39.1817-2.8183饲料 311.00000 6.22495.096-7.181729.1817
饲料 4 6.00000 6.22495.349-12.181724.1817饲料 3饲料 1-32.00000* 6.22495.000-50.1817-13.8183饲料 2-11.00000 6.22495.096-29.18177.1817
饲料 4-5.00000 6.22495.434-23.181713.1817饲料 4饲料 1-27.00000* 6.22495.001-45.1817-8.8183饲料 2-6.00000 6.22495.349-24.181712.1817
饲料 3 5.00000 6.22495.434-13.181723.1817 *.
The mean dif f erence is signif icant at the .01 level.
在 a=0.01 时饲料 1 与饲料 2、3、4 差异极显著；饲料 2 与饲料 3、4 差异不显著
新复极差法（ Duncan’s法）
Homogeneous Subsets 表
增重
a
D uncan
Subset f or alpha = .05
组别N12
饲料 3518.0000
饲料 4523.0000
饲料 2529.0000
饲料 1550.0000
Sig..112 1.000
Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed
a.
U ses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 5.000.
在 a=0.05 时饲料 2、 3、 4 间差异不显著，饲料 1 与饲料 2、3、4 差异显著
增重
D uncan a
Subset f or alpha = .01
组别N12
饲料 3518.0000
饲料 4523.0000
饲料 2529.0000
饲料 1550.0000
Sig..112 1.000
Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed
a. U ses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 5.000.
P97 3
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
增重
Lev ene
Statistic df 1df 2Sig.
3.169425.031
Sig=0.031<0.05方差不同质（此时需对数据进行转换后在进行方差分析，详见书P290）
ANOVA 增重
Sum of
Between Groups
Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 2541.6674635.4177.252.001
W ithin Groups2190.5002587.620
Total4732.16729
F=7.252 Sig=0.001<0.01
Multiple Co mparisons
D e pend ent Var iable:增重
LSD
(I)5种不同品种的(J)5种不同品种的Mean
95% Conf idence Interv al 幼猪在相同饲养管幼猪在相同饲养管Dif f erence
理下的增重记录理下的增重记录(I-J)Std. Error Sig.Lower Bound U pper Bound
品种 1品种 2 1.66667 5.40432.760-9.463712.7971
品种 3-21.66667* 5.40432.000-32.7971-10.5363
品种 4.83333 5.40432.879-10.297111.9637
品种 5 2.50000 5.40432.648-8.630413.6304品种 2品种 1-1.66667 5.40432.760-12.79719.4637
品种 3-23.33333* 5.40432.000-34.4637-12.2029
品种 4-.83333 5.40432.879-11.963710.2971
品种 5.83333 5.40432.879-10.297111.9637品种 3品种 121.66667* 5.40432.00010.536332.7971
品种 223.33333* 5.40432.00012.202934.4637
品种 422.50000* 5.40432.00011.369633.6304
品种 524.16667* 5.40432.00013.036335.2971品种 4品种 1-.83333 5.40432.879-11.963710.2971
品种 2.83333 5.40432.879-10.297111.9637
品种 3-22.50000* 5.40432.000-33.6304-11.3696
品种 5 1.66667 5.40432.760-9.463712.7971品种 5品种 1-2.50000 5.40432.648-13.63048.6304
品种 2-.83333 5.40432.879-11.963710.2971
品种 3-24.16667* 5.40432.000-35.2971-13.0363
品种 4-1.66667 5.40432.760-12.79719.4637
*. The mean dif f erence is signif icant at the .05 lev el.
在 a=0.05 时，品种 1 与品种 3 差异显著，与品种 2、4、5 差异不显著；品种 2 与品种 3 差异显著、与品种 4、 5 差异不显著；品种 3 与品 1、2、4、5 差异显著。

Multiple Co mparisons
D epend ent Var iable:增重
LSD
(I)5种不同品种的(J)5种不同品种的Mean
99% Conf idence Interv al 幼猪在相同饲养管幼猪在相同饲养管 D if f erence
理下的增重记录理下的增重记录(I-J)Std. Error Sig.Lower Bound U pper Bound 品种 1品种 2 1.66667 5.40432.760-13.397516.7309品种 3-21.66667* 5.40432.000-36.7309-6.6025
品种 4.83333 5.40432.879-14.230915.8975
品种 5 2.50000 5.40432.648-12.564217.5642品种 2品种 1-1.66667 5.40432.760-16.730913.3975品种 3-23.33333* 5.40432.000-38.3975-8.2691
品种 4-.83333 5.40432.879-15.897514.2309
品种 5.83333 5.40432.879-14.230915.8975品种 3品种 121.66667* 5.40432.000 6.602536.7309品种 223.33333* 5.40432.0008.269138.3975
品种 422.50000* 5.40432.0007.435837.5642
品种 524.16667* 5.40432.0009.102539.2309品种 4品种 1-.83333 5.40432.879-15.897514.2309品种 2.83333 5.40432.879-14.230915.8975
品种 3-22.50000* 5.40432.000-37.5642-7.4358
品种 5 1.66667 5.40432.760-13.397516.7309品种 5品种 1-2.50000 5.40432.648-17.564212.5642品种 2-.83333 5.40432.879-15.897514.2309
品种 3-24.16667* 5.40432.000-39.2309-9.1025
品种 4-1.66667 5.40432.760-16.730913.3975 *. The mean dif f erence is signif icant at the .01 lev el.
在 a=0.01 时. 。

邓肯法
ANOVA
增重
Sum of
Between Groups
Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 2541.6674635.4177.252.001
W ithin Groups2190.5002587.620 Total4732.16729
增重
Duncan a
5种不同品种的幼Subset f or alpha = .05
猪在相同饲养管N12
理下的增重记录
630.0000
品种 5
品种 2630.8333
品种 4631.6667
品种 1632.5000
品种 3654.1667
Sig..678 1.000
Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed.
a. Uses Harm onic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.
增重
Duncan a
5种不同品种的幼Subset f or alpha = .01
猪在相同饲养管N12
理下的增重记录
630.0000
品种 5
品种 2630.8333
品种 4631.6667
品种 1632.5000
品种 3654.1667
Sig..678 1.000
Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed.
a. Uses Harm onic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.
P975
ANOVA Test of Homogeneity of Variances奶牛阴性乳房炎的阳性率
奶牛阴性乳房炎的阳性率Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Lev ene Between Groups2886.46121443.23018.070.000
奶牛阴性乳房炎的阳性率 奶牛阴性乳房炎的阳性率 D uncan a
Subset f or alpha = .01
a D uncan 组 别
N 1 2
Subset f or alpha = .05 7 23.3143
组 别 N 1 地 区 3
2
地 区 3 7 23.3143 地 区 2 7 31.3143
地 区 2 7 31.3143 地 区 1 7 51.2000
地 区 1 7 51.2000 Sig. .111 1.000
Sig. .111 1.000
Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed
Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed
a. U ses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 7.000. a. U ses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 7.000.
方差同质测验结果： Sig=0.602>0.05 方差同质
由方差分析表可知： F=18.070 Sig=0.000<0.01 差异极显著 需进行多重比较
多重比较结果：
在 a=0.05 时 地区 2、 3 间差异不显著，地区 1 与地区 2、3 差异显著在
a=0.01 时 地区 2、 3 间差异不显著，地区 1 与地区 2、3 差异极显著
SAS 转换成 SPSS
单因素试验（各处理重复数相等）
DATA E;
INPUT TRS y@@;
Cards;
A1 15 A1 16 A1 15 A1 17 A1 18
A2 45 A2 42 A2 50 A2 38 A2 39
A3 30 A3 35 A3 29 A3 31 A3 35
A5 40 A5 35 A5 31 A5 32 A5 30
;
PROC anova;
CLASSTR;
Model y=TR;
MEANSTR/T;
RUN;
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
观察值
Lev ene
Statistic df 1df 2Sig. 1.804420.168
ANOVA 观察值
Sum of
Between Groups
Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1905.4404476.36034.320.000
W ithin Groups277.6002013.880 Total2183.04024
LSD法：
Multiple C ompar isons
D e pend ent Varia ble:观察值
Mean
95% Conf idence Interv al
D if f erence
(I)组别(J )组别(I-J)Std. Error Sig.Lower Bound U pper Bound
LSD A1A2-26.60000* 2.35627.000-31.5151-21.6849 A3-15.80000* 2.35627.000-20.7151-10.8849
A4-10.60000* 2.35627.000-15.5151-5.6849
A5-17.40000* 2.35627.000-22.3151-12.4849 A2A126.60000* 2.35627.00021.684931.5151 A310.80000* 2.35627.000 5.884915.7151
A416.00000* 2.35627.00011.084920.9151
A59.20000* 2.35627.001 4.284914.1151 A3A115.80000* 2.35627.00010.884920.7151 A2-10.80000* 2.35627.000-15.7151-5.8849
A4 5.20000* 2.35627.039.284910.1151
A5-1.60000 2.35627.505-6.5151 3.3151 A4A110.60000* 2.35627.000 5.684915.5151 A2-16.00000* 2.35627.000-20.9151-11.0849
A3-5.20000* 2.35627.039-10.1151-.2849
A5-6.80000* 2.35627.009-11.7151-1.8849 A5A117.40000* 2.35627.00012.484922.3151 A2-9.20000* 2.35627.001-14.1151-4.2849
A3 1.60000 2.35627.505-3.3151 6.5151
A4 6.80000* 2.35627.009 1.884911.7151 *.
The mean dif f erence is signif icant at the .05 lev el.
a=0.05 时 A3 与 A5 差异不显著其他各组差异显著
Multiple C ompar isons
D e pend ent Varia ble:观察值
Mean
D if f erence
99% Conf idence Interv al
(I)组别(J)组别(I-J)Std. Error Sig.Lower Bound U pper Bound
LSD A1A2-26.60000* 2.35627.000-33.3044-19.8956 A3-15.80000* 2.35627.000-22.5044-9.0956
A4-10.60000* 2.35627.000-17.3044-3.8956
A5-17.40000* 2.35627.000-24.1044-10.6956 A2A126.60000* 2.35627.00019.895633.3044 A310.80000* 2.35627.000 4.095617.5044
A416.00000* 2.35627.0009.295622.7044
A59.20000* 2.35627.001 2.495615.9044 A3A115.80000* 2.35627.0009.095622.5044 A2-10.80000* 2.35627.000-17.5044-4.0956
A4 5.20000 2.35627.039-1.504411.9044
A5-1.60000 2.35627.505-8.3044 5.1044 A4A110.60000* 2.35627.000 3.895617.3044 A2-16.00000* 2.35627.000-22.7044-9.2956
A3-5.20000 2.35627.039-11.9044 1.5044
A5-6.80000* 2.35627.009-13.5044-.0956 A5A117.40000* 2.35627.00010.695624.1044 A2-9.20000* 2.35627.001-15.9044-2.4956
A3 1.60000 2.35627.505-5.10448.3044
A4 6.80000* 2.35627.009.095613.5044 *.
The mean dif f erence is signif icant at the .01 lev el.
a=0.01 时 A3 与 A4 A5 差异不显著其他各组差异极显著
邓肯法：
观察值
Subset f or alpha = .05
组别N1234
D uncan a A1516.2000
A4526.8000
A3532.0000
A5533.6000
A2542.8000
Sig. 1.000 1.000.505 1.000 Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed.
a. U ses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 5.000.
观察值
Subset f or alpha = .01
组别N123
D uncan a A1516.2000
A4526.8000
A3532.0000
A5533.6000
A2542.8000
Sig. 1.000.012 1.000
Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed.
a.
U ses Harm onic Mean Sample Size = 5.000.
有方差同质表可知： Sig=0.168>0.05方差同质
由方差分析表可知： F=34.320 Sig=0.000<0.01差异极显著需进行多重比较：
LSD法:
在 a=0.05A3 与 A5 差异不显著其他各组差异显著
在 a=0.01A3 与 A4 A5 差异不显著其他各组差异极显著
邓肯法 :
在 a=0.05A3 与 A5 差异不显著其他各组差异显著
在 a=0.01A3 与 A4 A5 差异不显著其他各组差异极显著
综上： A3与 A5 差异不显著 A3 与 A4 差异显著其他各组差异极显著
二、相关回归分析
相关分析：Analyze → Correlate → Bivariate （简单相关）
相关回归： Analyze→ Regression→ Linear 注意： Dependent：因变量y Independent ：自变量x P125 例 9.1
Correlation s
305天的产奶量X Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
150天的产奶量Y Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
**.
Correlation is signif icant at the 0.01 lev 305天的150天的产奶量X产奶量Y
1.888**
.001
1010 .888**1
.001
1010
el (2-tailed).
有结果可知，相关系数r=0.888 sig=0.001<0.01所以存在极显著相关
Model Summary
Adjusted Std. Error of
Model R R Square R Square the Estimate
1.888 a.788.761 4.94143
a.
Pre dicto rs: (C ons tant ), 305 天的产奶量 X
R=0.888
ANOVA b
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1Regression725.1581725.15829.698.001
a Residual195.342824.418
Total920.5009
a.
Pre dicto rs: (C onst ant ), 305 天的产奶量 X
b.
De pend ent Var iable: 150 天的产奶量 Y
有方差分析表可知F=29.698 sig=0.001 <0.01回归关系极显著存在
Coefficients a
Unstandardized Standardized
Coef f icients Coef f icients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) -18.316 14.91
2 -1.228 .254
305天的产奶量X 2.184 .401 .888 5.450 .001
a. De pend ent Var iable: 150 天的产奶量Y
由上表可知： a=- 18.316 b=2.184 y=- 18.316+2.184X
对回归截距 a 进行显著性测验： t=- 1.228 sig=0.254>0.05 回归截距存在不显著 / 回归截距存在没有统计
学意义
对回归系数 b 进行显著性测验： t=5.450 sig=0.001<0.01 回归关系极显著存在
P135 9.2
Correlations 表
Correlatio ns
体 重 饲料消耗
体 重 Pearson Correlation 1 .818**
Sig. (2-tailed) .004
N 10 10
饲料消耗 Pearson Correlation .818** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .004
N 10 10
**. Correlation is signif
icant at the 0.01 lev el (2-tailed).
Regreesion 表
Model Summary
Adjusted Std. Error of
Model R R Square R Square the Estimate
1 .818 a .670 .629 2.36560
a. Pre dicto rs: (C ons tant ), 体 重
ANOVA b
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1Regression90.836190.83616.232.004 a Residual44.7688 5.596
Total135.6049
a.Pre dicto rs: (C onst ant ), 体重
b.
D e pend ent Var iable: 饲料消耗
Coefficien
a ts
Unstandardized Standardized
Coef f icients Coef f icients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1(Constant)55.2639.535 5.796.000体重7.690 1.909.818 4.029.004
a. De pend ent Var iable:饲料消耗
R=0.818 抽样误差 Sig=0.004 <0.01体重和饲料消耗存在极显著相关；
有方差分析表可知， F=16.232 sig=0.004<0.01回归关系极显著存在；
a=55.263 b=7.690 y=55.263+7.690X
回归截距 t=5.796 sig=0.000<0.01回归截距极显著存在
回归系数 t=4.029 sig=0.004<0.01回归系数极显著存在
P144 3
Correlatio ns
胸围体重
胸围Pearson Correlation1.847**
Sig. (2-tailed).002
N1010
体重Pearson Correlation.847**1
Sig. (2-tailed).002
N1010
**. Correlation is signif icant at the 0.01 lev el
(2-tailed).
R=0.847 sig=0.002<0.01胸围与体重存在极显著相关
ANOVA b
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1R egression415.1411415.14120.393.002 a R esidual162.859820.357
Total578.0009
a. Pre dicto rs:(C onst ant ), 胸围
b.
D e pend ent Var iable: 体重
F=20.393 sig=0.002<0.01回归关系极显著存在
C oefficien
a ts
U nstandardized Standardized
C oef f icients C oef f icients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1(Constant)-115.37540.632-2.839.022胸围 2.547.564.847 4.516.002 a.
D e pend ent Var iable:体重
a=-115.375 b=2.547 y=-115.375+2.547X
对回归截距： t=-2.839 sig=0.022<0.05回归截距显著存在
对回归系数： t=4.516 sig=0.002<0.01回归关系极显著存在
胸围 Y对体重 X
ANOVA b
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1R egression45.967145.96720.393.002
a R esidual18.0338 2.254
Total64.0009
a.
Pre dicto rs:(C onst ant ), 体重
b. D e pend ent Var iable: 胸围
F=20.393 sig=0.002<0.01回归关系极显著存在
C oefficien
a ts
U nstandardized Standardized
C oef f icients C oef f icients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1(Constant)52.824 4.27312.362.000体重.282.062.847 4.516.002 a.
D e pend ent Var iable:胸围
a=52.824 b=0.282 y=52.824+0.282X
对回归截距假设性测验：t=12.362 sig=0.000<0.01回归截距极显著存在对回归系数假设性测验：t=4.516 sig=0.002<0.01回归关系极显著存在
P145.4
Correlations
日龄20
天体重Y初生重X
日龄20天体重Y Pearson Correlation1.939**
Sig. (2-tailed).002
N77
初生重X Pearson Correlation.939**1
Sig. (2-tailed).002
N77
**. Correlation is signif icant at the 0.01 lev el (2-tailed).
Model Summary
Adjusted Std. Error of
Model R R Square R Square the Estimate
1.939 a.88
2.859.148813
a. Pre dicto rs: (C ons tant ), 初生重 X
ANOVA b
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1R egression.8291.82937.543.002 a R esidual.1105.022
Total.9406
a. Pre dicto rs:(C onst ant ), 初生重 X
b. D e pend ent Var iable:日龄20天体重Y
Coefficien
a ts
Unstandardized Standardized
Coef f icients Coef f icients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1(Constant) 2.189.477 4.592.006
初生重X 2.129.348.939 6.127.002
a. De pend ent Var iable:日龄20天体重Y
由结果可知，相关系数 R=0.939 抽样误差 Sig=0.002<0.0出生平均个体重与20 日龄平均个体重相关关系存在极显著相关；
由方差分析表可知， F=37.436 sig=0.002<0.01回归关系极显著存在；
a=2.189 b=2.129 y=2.189+2.129X
对回归截距假设性测验t=4.592 sig=0.006<0.01回归截距极显著存在
对回归系数假设性测验t=6.127 sig=0.002<0.01回归关系极显著存在
SAS转换成 SPSS
SAS-线性回归
SAS（一元线性回归与相关分析）
DATA G;
CARDS;
80 2350 86 2400 98 2720 90 2500 120 3150 102 2680
95 2630 83 2400 113 3080 105 2920 110 2960 100 2860
;
PROCREG CORR
MODEL y x;
RUN;
Correlatio ns
X Y
X Pearson Correlation1.977**
Sig. (2-tailed).000
N1212
Y Pearson Correlation.977**1
Sig. (2-tailed).000
N1212
**. Correlation is signif icant at the 0.01 lev el
(2-tailed).
Model Summary
Adjusted Std. Error of
Model R R Square R Square the Estimate
1.977 a.955.95160.95250
a. Predictors: (Constant), X
ANOVA b
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
a 1R egression794339.61794339.599213.808.000
R esidual37152.067103715.207
Total831491.711
a.
Predictors: (C onstant), X
b. D ependent Variable: Y
Coefficien
a ts
Unstandardized Standardized
Coef f icients Coef f icients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1(Constant)582.185147.315 3.952.003
X21.712 1.485.97714.622.000
a. Dependent Variable: Y
由结果可知，相关系数r=0.977抽样误差Sig=0.000<0.05 X和Y相关关系存在极显著相关；
由方差分析表可知， F=213.808 sig=0.000<0.01回归关系极显著存在；
a=582.185 b=21.712 y=582.185+21.712X
对回归截距假设性测验t=3.952 sig=0.003<0.01回归截距极显著存在
对回归系数假设性测验t=14.622 sig=0.000<0.01回归关系极显著存在
四、卡方测验
（一）独立性： Date Weight→Cases→Frequency Variable（观察值)→ok
Analyze→Descriptive Statistics→Crosstabs→Row(行）、Column s(列)→ Statistics→Chi-Square P193 13.4
两行两列
抽烟与否 * 死亡与否 C ross tab ul ation
C ount
死亡与否
死亡存活Total
抽烟不吸1179501067与否吸烟54348402 Total17112981469
C hi-Squar e Tests
Pearson Chi-Square
a C ontinuity Correction Likelihood R atio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by -Linear Association
N of Valid C ases
a.C omputed only
b.
0 cells (.0%) hav
80.
Asy mp. Sig.Exact Sig.Exact Sig.
Value df(2-sided)(2-sided)(1-sided)
1.728 b1.189
1.4971.221
1.6851.194
.202.111
1.7271.189
1469
f or a 2x2 table
e expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4
由结果可知 X2 =1.497 df=1 Sig=0.221>0.05吸烟与死亡不产生显著关联注： Continuity correction连续性矫正的X2Asymp.Sig （ 2。

）表示双侧近似概率
P203 13.12 两行四列
地区 * 等级 Cross tab ul ation
Count
等级
优良中劣Total 地区甲地1010601090
乙地105201045 Total20158020135
Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by -Linear Association
N of Valid Cases Chi-Square Tests
Asy mp. Sig.
Value df(2-sided)
7.500 a3.058
7.3383.062
.4691.494
135
a. 0 cells (.0%) hav e expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 5.00.
由结果可知 X 2 =7.500 df=3 Sig=0.058>0.05甲乙两地水牛体型无显著关联
P208 6
两行两列
C hi-Squar e Tests
Pearson Chi-Square
a C ontinuity Correction Likelihood R atio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by -Linear Association
N of Valid C ases
a.C omputed only
b.
0 cells (.0%) hav
50.
Asy mp. Sig.Exact Sig.Exact Sig.
Value df(2-sided)(2-sided)(1-sided)
1.143 b1.285
.7311.392
1.1501.284
.393.196
1.1371.286
200
f or a 2x2 table
e expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1
由结果可知， X2 =0.731 df=1 Sig=0.392>0.05因此新疫苗的免疫效果与常规疫苗免疫效果无显著差异。

疫苗类型与发病与否无显著差异。

P209 10
每胎糕数 * 羔皮品质 Cross tab ul ation
Count
羔皮品质
1甲级乙级丙级等外级Total
每胎311231410178糕数21084336025626 3241295640249
4045312
500055 Total163689135831070
C hi-Square Tests
Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood R atio Linear-by -Linear Association
N of Valid Cases
Asy mp. Sig. Value
a
df(2-sided) 153.63112.000 112.81712.000 73.9871.000
1070
a.
7 cells (35.0%) hav e expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is .39.
X2=153.631 sig=0.000<0.01羔皮品质和每胎糕数间存在极显著关系
（二）适合性测验： Date Weight→Cases→Frequency Variable（观察值)→ok Analyze→Nonparametric Tests→Chi-Squareic（注意比例的填写）P196 例 13.7
灰色常长翅灰色残翅黑色长翅黑色残翅
Total
分类性状
Observ ed N Expected N Residual
175157.517.5
4252.5-10.5
3852.5-14.5
2517.57.5
280
Test Statistics
分类性状
Chi-Square
a
11.263
df3
Asy mp. Sig..010
a.
0 cells (.0%) hav e expected f requencies less than
5. The minim um expected cell f requency is 17.5.
X2=11.263 Sig= 0.01差异极显著偏离9:3:3:1的理论值P207 5
分类性状
Observ ed N Expected N Residual 翻毛鸡143150.0-7.0
正常羽5750.07.0 Total200
Test Statistics
分类性状
C hi-Square a 1.307
df1
Asy mp. Sig..253
a.
0 cells (.0%) hav e expected f requencies less than
5. The minim um expected cell f requency is 50.0.
2
有本表可知 X =1.307 df=1 Sig=0.253>0.05所以实际鸡羽毛显隐性关系与理论显隐关系无显著差异，即鸡羽毛显隐关系受显隐性基因控制。

333
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
存活天数
Lev ene
Statistic df 1df 2Sig.
1.804420.168
ANOVA
存活天数
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups1905.4404476.36034.320.000
W ithin Groups277.6002013.880
Total2183.04024
存活天数
a
Duncan
Subset for alpha = .05组别N123
A1516.2000
A4526.8000
A3532.0000 A5533.6000 A25
Sig. 1.000 1.000.505 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a.
Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 5.000.
存活天数
D uncan
a
Subset f or alpha = .01
组别N123
A1516.2000
A4526.8000
A3532.0000
A5533.6000
A2542.8000 Sig. 1.000.012 1.000 Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed a.
U ses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 5.000.
有方差同质表可知： Sig=0.168>0.05方差同质
由方差分析表可知： F=34.320 Sig=0.000<0.01差异极显著需进行多重比较邓肯法：
在 a=0.05A3 与 A5 差异不显著其他各组差异显著
在 a=0.01A3 与 A4 A5 差异不显著其他各组差异极显著
综上： A3与 A5 差异不显著 A3 与 A4 差异显著其他各组差异极显著
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
增重
Lev ene
Statistic df 1df 2Sig.
.494420.740
ANOVA
增重
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups46.498411.625 5.986.002 W ithin Groups38.84220 1.942
Total85.34024
4
42.8000
1.000
增 重
增 重
Subset f or alpha = .05
Subset f or alpha = .01
品 种
N
1 2
3
品 种 N
1 2
D uncan a,b
B5
4 16.6250
D uncan a,b
B5
4 16.6250
B2 6 17.1667
B2 6 17.1667 17.1667
B3 5 18.3000
18.3000 B3 5 18.3000
18.3000 18.3000 B4
4 19.6250 B4 4 19.6250 19.6250 B1
6
20.1667
B1 6
20.1667
Sig. .091 .061
Sig.
.091
.016
.061
Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display
ed
ed.
a. U ses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 4.839.
Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display
a.
U ses Harm onic Mean Sample Size = 4.839.
b.
The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean
b.
The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of
the group
of the group sizes is used. Ty pe I error lev els are
not guaranteed.
sizes is used. Ty
pe I error lev els are not guaranteed.
有方差同质表可知： Sig=0.740>0.05 方差同质
有方差分析表可知： F=5.986 Sig=0.002<0.01
差异极显著，需进行多重比较
邓肯法
当 a=0.05 B2 与 B3 B5 差异不显著 B1 与B3B4 差异不显著 B2 B3 B5 与 B1 B3 B4 差异显著
当 a=0.01 B2 与 B3 B5 差异不显著 B2 与B3B4 差异不显著 B1 与 B3 B4差异不显著 其他各组差异
极显著
综上： B2与 B3 B5差异不显著 B1 与 B3 B4差异不显著 B2 与 B4 差异显著
其他各组差异极显著
P135 例 9.2
Correlations
体 重 X 饲料消耗Y
体 重 X Pearson Correlation 1 .818**
Sig. (2-tailed) .004 Model Summary
N 10 10
Adjusted Std. Error of
饲料消耗Y Pearson Correlation .818** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .004 Model R R Square R Square the Estimate
N 10 10 1 .818 a .670 .629 2.36560
**. Correlation is signif icant at the 0.01 lev el (2-tailed). a. Pre dicto rs: (C ons tant ), 体 重 X
ANOVA b
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 R egression 90.836 1 90.836 16.23
2 .004 a
R esidual 44.768 8 5.596
Total 135.604 9
a. Pre dicto rs: (C onst ant ), 体重 X
b. D e pend ent Var iable: 饲 料 消耗 Y
Coefficien a
ts
Unstandardized Standardized
Coef f icients Coef f icients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) 55.263 9.535 5.796 .000
体 重 X 7.690 1.909 .818 4.029 .004
a. De pend ent Var iable: 饲 料消 耗 Y
R=0.818 Sig=0.004<0.01 体重与饲料消耗存在极显著相关
有方差分析表可知： F=16.232 Sig=0.004<0.01 相关关系极显著存在
a=55.263 b=7.690 y=55.263+7.690X
回归截距 t=5.796 sig=0.000<0.01 回归截距极显著存在
回归系数 t=4.029 sig=0.004<0.01 回归系数极显著存在
( 一) 无重复值
Analyze → General Lineal Model→ Univariate→（观察值）Dependent List→ fixed factor固定因素→ Random factor随机因子→ Model对话框（选择custom将Factors中的移到Model中，并将Include intercept in model 前的√删去）→ Post Hoc.. 选择邓肯法多重比较→ Options
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
De pend ent Varia ble:观察值
Ty pe III Sum
Source of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
品种Hy pothesis332.2503110.750189.857.000 Error 3.5006.583 a
饲料Hy pothesis10.5002 5.2509.000.016 Error 3.5006.583 a
a. MS(Error)
观察值
Duncan a,b
Subset
品种N1234
D343.0000
C347.0000
A352.0000
B357.0000
Sig. 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed.
Based on Ty pe III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .583.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sam ple Size = 3.000.
b. Alpha = .01.
P110 2
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects De pend ent Varia ble: 观察值
Ty pe III Sum
Source of Squares df Mean Square 受试Hy pothesis806.2197115.174者Error84.15621 4.007放置Hy pothesis943.5943314.531时间Error84.15621 4.007
F Sig.
28.740.000 a
78.487.000 a
a. MS(Error)
由结果可知：对受试者F=28.740 Sig=0.000<0.01差异极显著，需进行多重比较对放置时间 F=78.487 Sig=0.000<0.01差异极显著，需进行多重比较
对受试者进行多重就比较：
观察值
D uncan a,b
Subset
受试者N12345
8489.2500
2490.2500
1490.5000
4495.0000
5496.250096.2500
7498.250098.2500
3499.5000
64104.7500
Sig..414.387.172.387 1.000
Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed.
Based on Ty pe III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 4.007.
a.
U ses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 4.000.
b.
Alpha = .05.
a=0.05 时子集 8、2、1 和子集 4、5 和子集 5、7 和子集 7、 3 间差异显著
观察值
D uncan a,b
Subset
受试者N1234
8489.2500
2490.2500
1490.5000
4495.0000
5496.250096.2500
7498.250098.2500
3499.5000
64104.7500
Sig..414.040.040 1.000
Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed.
Based on Ty pe III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 4.007.
a.
U ses Harm onic Mean Sample Size = 4.000.
b.
Alpha = .01.
a=0.01 时子集 8、2、1 和子集 4、5、7 和子集 5、7、3 间差异极显著对放置时间进行多重比较
观察值
D uncan a,b
Subset
放置时间N123
135min887.1250
90min894.2500
45min899.5000
0min8101.0000
Sig. 1.000 1.000.149
Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed.
Based on Ty pe III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 4.007.
a.
U ses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 8.000.
b.Alpha = .05.
a=0.05 时 45min 、 0min 间差异不显著其他各组之间差异显著。