2019-2020大学英语期末考试原题

英语测试
一、听力略
二、阅读理解（共20题，每题2分）
PartⅠ:Reading comprehension
A
The tourist trade is booming. With all this comingand going, you'd expect greater understanding todevelop between the nations of the world. Not a bitof it! Superb systems of communication by air, seaand land make it possible for us to visit each other'scountries at a moderate cost. What was once the'grand tour', reserved for only the very rich, is nowwithin everybody's grasp? The package tour andchartered flights are not to be sneered at. Moderntravelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lordsand ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn'thave dreamed of. But what's the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations ofthe world remain basically ignorant of each other?
Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. Theydeliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population.The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where heeats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from adistance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed tosee only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes itimpossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always abarrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to anew and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the citeuniversitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated atTorremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.
The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of nationalstereotypes. We don't see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have beenbrought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say,French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these fiveadjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insightinto the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act asbarriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are thosewhich confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurateimpression that, say, 'Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites' of that 'Latin peoples shout a lot'. You onlyhave to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful nationalstereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best toprevent you?
Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stirup racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact—how trite it sounds! – That all people arehuman. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.
1. The best title for this passage is
[A] tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations.
[B] Tourism is tiresome.
[C] Conducted tour is dull.
[D] tourism really does something to one's country.
2. What is the author's attitude toward tourism?
[A] apprehensive.
[B] negative.
[C] critical.
[D] appreciative.
3. Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lot?
[A] silent.
[B] noisy.
[C] lively.
[D] active.
4. The purpose of the author's criticism is to point out
[A] conducted tour is disappointing.
[B] the way of touring should be changed.
[C] when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception.
[D] national stereotypes should be changed.
5. What is ‘grand tour’ now?
[A] moderate cost.
[B] local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization.
[C] people enjoy the first-rate comforts.
[D] everybody can enjoy the ‘grand tour’.
B
Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic(脑电图的)sense we share it with all the primates(灵长类动物)and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles(爬行动物).
There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life style. of the animal, and that predators(食肉动物)are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are inturn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized(使固定不动)and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we haveall witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sensethat today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleepthan the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved?
Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal's vulnerability, Ray Meddis of London University has suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals that are too stupid to be quite on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.
6.Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?
A.Evolution of Sleep.
B.Two Types of Sleep.
C.The Original Function of Sleep.
D.Animals and Sleep.
7.Predators are ___________.
A.able to prey even when they are in deep dream sleep
B.more likely to experience dream sleep
C.incapable of preying when immobilized by dreamless sleep
D.good at preying on stupid animals
8.The example of dogs and cats in the second paragraph is intended to _•
A. explain which animals are mammals
B. show the differences between mammals
C. illustrate how shallow dreamless sleep is
D. reveal how smart they are
pare with dreamless sleep, deep dream sleep is _______.
A. not the result of natural selection
B. less likely to appear to primates
C. more protective to the animals
D. at a higher stage of evolution
10.According to some scientists’ research findings, dolphins seldom sleep because __.
A.of their stupidity
B.of their vulnerability
C.there are possible dangers in the ocean
D.aquatic mammals do not need sleep
C
Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, thinkthe auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.
The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer,and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.
Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.
When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail,the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car’s movements.
The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.
11. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ________.
A. its power source
B. its driving system
C. its monitoring system
D. its seating capacity
12. What is the author’s main concern?
A. How to render automobiles pollution-free.
B. How to make smaller and safer automobiles.
C. How to solve the problem of traffic jams.
D. How to develop an automated subway system.
13. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?
A. A rail.
B. An engine.
C. A retractable arm.
D. A computer controller.
14. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is ________.
A. keep in the right lane
B. wait to arrive at his destination
C. keep in constant touch with the computer center
D. inform the system of his destination by phone
15. What is the author’s attitude toward the future of autos?
A. Enthusiastic.
B. Pessimistic.
C. Optimistic.
D. Cautious.
D
Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come indistinct waves from distinct regions. Most of thegreat performers if the late 19th and early 20thcenturies were born and brought up in Russia andEastern Europe.I asked Isaac Stern, one of theworld’s greatest violinists the reason for thisphenomenon. It is very clear, he told me. Theywere all Jews(犹太人) and Jews at the time wereseverely oppressed and ill treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into theprofessional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage. As aresult, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was apassport to the West.
Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellencein a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to bein the Far East. “In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours. ”says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, includingmusic. When Western music came to Japan after World WarⅡ, that music not only became partof their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know,are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.
That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work,biologicalinheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, wasthe top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant
careers inmusic.
16.Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school
because ______ .
A. it would allow them access to a better life in the West
B. Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent
C. they wanted their children to enter into the professional field
D. it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country
17.Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that ______ .
A. enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence
B. treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development
C. encourage people to compete with each other
D. promise talented children high positions
18.Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to ______ .
A. all-round development.
B. the learning of Western music
C. strict training of children
D. variety in academic studies
19.Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according
to the passage?
A. A natural gift.
B. Extensive knowledge of music.
C. Very early training.
D. A prejudice-free society.
20.Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. Jewish Contribution to Music.
B. Training of Musicians in the World
C. Music and Society
D. The Making of Prodigies
三、单项选择（共25题，每题1分）
21.It was quite an attractive room with its own little balcony _________ the garden.
A.overwhelm
B.overwhelming
C.overlooking
D.overlook
22.Detectives hunting the London bombers are ________interview Runnels, who was near the spot where the bombing happened.
A.keen in
B. keen at
C.keen on
D.keen to
23.“The reason why we were unable to_____a decision is that everybody has his or her own opinion,”he said
A.reach
B.make
C.take
D.approve
24.You may actually_____more problems when using public transport,simply because you have less control over events.
A.grasp
B.encounter
C.analyze
D.solve
25.When asked, he said he didn't know it was_____to ride on the sidewalk there.
A.illegal
B.legal
C.inlegal
D.unlegal
26.Years have passed, yet he still can't help_____ over the past events whenever his wife's name is mentioned.
A.negotiating
B.pondering
C.discussing
D.considered
27. The child spilled juice on the floor and_____ his mother's new white carpet.
A.accident
B.thing
C.stained
D.issue
28.Don't rub too hard with your cleaning brush or you could_____the paint away.
A.scrub
B.make
C.wash
D.screw
29.He considered studying medicine but fainted_____blood, so he switched to civil engineering.
A.at the sound of
B.at the smell of
C.at the thought of
D.at the sight of
30.During wintertime, snow may fall in southern China______.
A.on the occasion of
B.on rare occasions
C.on every occasion
D.on occasion
31.At the peak of its ___________in the late nineties, the band sold ten million albums a year.
A.fashion
B.popularity
C.popular
D.trend
32.They were all dressed in_____gowns and lovely clothes and were cheering for her.
A.general
B.superb
C.special
D.gorgeous
33.The pianist had to change his style to suit the singer's_____voice.
A.distinctive
B.obvious
C.outstanding
D.particular
34.You should keep an open mind to what new experiences_________.
A.bring out
B.bring in
C.bring forth
D.bring about
35.An obvious solution to the problems is to_________technology and management expertise from outside.
A.bring out
B.bring in
C.bring up
D.bring back
36. Translation software would eventually be able to______Chinese to English and vice versa in seconds.
A.convert
B.invert
C.revert
37.At the end of that scene, she opens her arms wide and_________,“What a day!" .
A.exclaims
B.proclaims
C.disclaims
38.The biggest concern was about who would _________ to his post after his retirement.
A.succeed
B. proceed
C.exceed
39.Many steps of production are done__________but we also use the latest technology.
A.on hand
B.by hand
C.at hand
D.in hand
40.They ate in an Italian restaurant, which is a little_________.
A.in the way
B.on the way
C.by the way
D.out of the way
41.It is difficult to remove overnight all the problems________over the years.
A.accumulate
B.accumulative
C.accumulated
D.accumulable
42.There are more________, creative ways to have fun and save money than you might think possible.
A. delight
B.delights
C.delighted
D.delightful
43.Remember:_________must you tell them what happened.
A.on condition that
B.on no condition
C.on one condition
D.on condition
44.In developing a design, one has to__________many factors.
A.account of
B.take account of
C.on account of
D.be account of
45.He could not continue with his studies_________his illness.
A.owe to
B.beacuse
C.owing to
D.owe
四、汉译英（用括号中给出的句型翻译共5题，每题3分）
46.中国在新世纪将发生重大而深远的变化。

（The new century will see...）
47.在高海拔地区，人们用很多方法来阻挡紫外线（ultraviolet rays）。

（wipe off）
48.没有一种不幸可与失去时间相比。

（There is no other...）
49.更重要的是学生们明白了在学习和娱乐之间需要找到平衡点。

50.正如剑是战士的武器，笔是作家的武器。

（just as...is...,...is...）。