初中英语首字母填空解题技巧(附江苏英语中考真题)

初中英语首字母填空解题技巧
首字母填空类短文题是近几年各省、市中考题经常采用的题型之一，这种题难度相对较大，考生失分现象很严重。

主观型首字母填空也称为限制型完形填空。

它的特点是将一篇文章中若干个词“掏空”，留下该词的首字母，它既作为提示又作为限制，让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整，使文章连贯。

学生们在通读全文、掌握大意的前提下，采用先易后难，再逐项填空的应试策略。

做题时要通过字里行间来捕捉信息，既要理清逻辑，又要综合考虑，最后通过复读全文来消除疏漏。

给首字母填空类短文的阅读题属于能力测试的范畴，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。

它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。

下面就讲一讲做这类题的方法与技巧：
1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解
与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。

每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。

因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。

因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。

2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。

在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。

在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。

另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。

有些短文填空题，有时出现约3%~5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。

3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲技巧
再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。

这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。

4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形
做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。

从实际中看，很多学生能够充分利用词首字母和短文内容填写单词，但是，问题往往出现在单词的形式变化上。

比如填q ，要求填写quickly ，而多数考生只知道填写quick ，忽略了词性问题。

因此，深思熟虑很重要。

通过以上对首字母填空类型题的讲解，同学们一定对这类题型有了更多的了解，掌握了此类题的考点和做题的技巧后，给同学们准备了以下的练习题，请同学们及时巩固学习内容。

1．2020南京中考真题
Do you have difficulty learning English words? Well, k 66 a vocabulary notebook for learning new English words is not difficult. Here are some easy steps. First, buy a notebook w
67 at least 100 lined pages. You should select the color and size notebook that you prefer. S
68 , write down any important words that you come across when reading or listening. This step r 69 you to decide whether a word is important enough for you to learn now. Do not assume (认为) that you will learn the word l 70 . The next step is a bit difficult because you need to decide w 71 information about each word you will write in the notebook. Some learners write only a t 72 of the word. Others write an example phrase using the word. I 73 information that matches your learning style and your needs. Finally, the most important thing you can do to learn the words in your notebook is to p 74 these words several times. If the pages of your notebook arc well organized, you are more likely to review the words and their information over and over. If you f 75 these important steps, you can improve your English greatly. Come and have a try!
2. 2019南京中考真题
Chinese writing is one of the world’s greatest writing systems. It is more w 66 in use then alphabetic(字母的) writing systems. More than half of the world’s books are written in Chinese, including historical writing and novels, along with writing on government and law.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based l 67 . It dates back several thousand years to the u 68 of animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved(刻) by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in t 69 hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were d 70 geographically, leading to different dialects(方言) and characters. This, however, c 71 under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty.
Emperor Qinshihuang united 统一) the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great i 72 in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what
dialect they speak, they can all still c 73 in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important method to c 74 China’s present with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
Today, Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a
g 75 role in the world, an increasing number of international students are beginning to
appreciate(欣赏) China’s culture through this amazing language. Written Chinese spreads Chinese
culture wherever it goes.
3. 2020扬州中考真题
Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born. We w ___66___ whether we should move back to our home country Brazil. I remember looking down at our newborn baby and thinking about how different his life would be there.
During the ten years away from my big family and my culture, I missed the delicious foods, samba, Brazilian jujitsu(柔术), and sunny skies. My wife m___ 67___ our homeland too. As a musician, it would be e___ 68___ for her to do her work in Brazil. But in the United Kingdom, I had the funding and lab resources for my research. Would such a move be a disadvantage to my career?
A few weeks later, my brother called from Brazil, telling me that our father had passed away. The great happiness I felt about my son’s birth suddenly gave way to deep s ___69___. We had no doubt it was the right time to r ___70___ to Brazil. We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown and b___ 71___ received offers.
H ___72___, it wasn’t easy getting started with my research in Brazil. I didn’t receive any start-up funding for my lab. Now, thanks to Brazilian funding, I have a team of bright young scientists and can a ___73___ expensive lab resources.
We are living the lives we wanted to live--working on rewarding research and feeling closer to our family and c ___74___ in our home country. My son is growing up close to his cousins. I take up Brazilian jujitsu training, which I haven’t been able to do during my years a ___75___. My wife and I feel happy to find a way home.
4. 2020南通中考真题
Reyes Guana grew up in a poor Mexican family. He has seven brothers and sisters. His parents always had two jobs to make ends meet. At weekends, the whole (66) f_____ went to fields to work. When the children were young, they stayed in the car. As they grew (67) o______ they worked too.
As a boy, Guana was a “very shy” child who was very (68) q______ in school. He had few friends but he had a good relationship with the school cleaner. He liked to call the friendly lady “Nike” because she usually wore Nike clothes and shoes. Nike was well organized and the boy liked (69) h_______ she made everything clean. He told her he wanted to be a cleaner, too. “Well,
it’s good if you want to be a cleaner,” Nike said to little Guana with (70) k______. “But make sure you go to college and make it as one of your steps there.”
Guana also looked up to the principal (校长) of his school. He was a tall and good-looking man. Also, he always went to someone in (71) n_______. The principal told the boy that his job was to help students and teachers. “Wow, when I grow up, I want to do what you’re doing.”“Well, you can do it!” the principal (72) r______. Gu ana did get there, and the two men remain friends. The former principal is now almost 90 years old.
But (73) b_____ becoming a school principal, Guana followed in Nike’s footsteps and worked for three schools in Lodi, California. And being a cleaner at a school made him think about how to show respect for everyone in an organization. In Guana’s school system today, everyone is (74) i________ to parties and events. Everyone is important not only the people who clean the floors or drive the buses but also the people who teach the students or lead the schools.
He never (75) f____ where he came from, or how he felt. Now, Guana tells his own three children how important an education is for their lives.
5. 2020盐城中考真题
Dear Peter
I'm so excited. Guess what-it's my Dad's 40th b 71 next week, so we are going to London to celebrate it! Cool, ch?
We're flying over on Thursday evening. As soon as we a 72 , we’ll go on a tour of the city. We'll take a trip on the River Thames, which divides the city into two parts. This way, we can see almost every place of i 73 in London.
On F 74 morning, were going to the Tate Modem Since it's not f 75 from our hotel, we’re going to the London Eye. I can’t w 76 to see the Houses of Parliament from up there!
Saturday is for s 77 . Mum advises me to buy a teddy bear for my cousin as a p 78 . W e’re going to Portobello Road in the morning. Then in the afternoon, we'll visit Harrods-the most famous shop in London! Dad’s not very happy about it, but I'm sure he'll e 79 it when we are there.
On Sunday morning, were going to Hyde Park, and we’re going home by p 80 in the afternoon..
It's my dream trip-and it's happening!
Hope everything’s OK with you.
Lois of love
Cynthia
6．2019镇江中考真题
As I entered an international high school all my friends felt surprised at my short hair．This is because，my old school thinks teenage y（1）aren't the time for looking pretty．Then I colored my hair blue．For the first time，I felt free and beautiful．This international school s（2）to meet my needs．
I had a t（3）education background．I went to public schools，received normal
（常规的）education and was required to follow r（4）like every other student．Later，I began to wonder w（5）this education was truly suitable for me．However，in the new school my high hopes were not met．For a while，I found myself in a surprising situation as I faced before．It was s（6）the biggest challenge I faced in my education﹣the freedom to try new things．In the old system，I was strongly advised a （7）trying new things．But in my new school，it worked the opposite way﹣we had many chances to try new things．But if I f（8），I must be responsible （负责任的）because I put myself in such risk．Finally，it led me to get into trouble again．As time went by，I started to find my o（9）balance．In fact，none of the education systems in the world are perfect．I am l （10）enough to have a chance to bring great value from both systems together．As a result，I've built a system for myself．7. 2018镇江中考真题
With the development of modern technology，digital devices（数码设备）have been seen everywhere．People often check what is （1）h in the world on the Internet，keep
in touch with friends through emails，or even start to read e﹣books．（2）H，many people still prefer paper books to e﹣books because they think that brains work （3）b when reading paper books．
Now，some scientists have come up with some （4）d ideas．They believe how brains work is not greatly affected by the way people read，but depends on the following factors（因素）．They （5）i the type and content of reading materials，the （6）p of reading．etc．When people read for entertainment，like news about star families or （7）f stories，reading paper books or e﹣books makes no difference．When people read to gain （8）k about science，reading paper books is more helpful．Brains need longer to deal with harder problems．Usually，taking notes by （9）h on paper books takes longer than typing（打字）notes out on digital devices．So it's （10）e for you to remember key points when you read paper books．Next time，when you read e﹣books about science，just remember to slow down and give your brain more time．
8. 2018南京中考真题
As you've just found out, opening a book doesn't require much effort. However, even that would be i 66 if you spent the night on the streets.
After lying for hours on cold ground, with only a thin sleeping bag to protect you from rain or ice, your fingers would probably be so numb(麻木的)that you could hardly m 67 them. You'd most likely spend the day trying to find something to eat and somewhere to shelter from the freezing cold.
You might be surprised to hear that the number of people sleeping rough(露宿)in London has doubled in the last five years and has i 68 by 30% across the rest of the country during the last two years.
Once we bring a homeless person out of the freezing cold, we need your help to give him a w 69 welcome at St Mungo's very much.
Will you please give a Christmas gift of £25, which could p 70 a homeless person with a St Mungo’s welcome pack? It could have a towel, shampoo, soap(肥皂), so a homeless person can have a hot s 71 and a proper clean up. The difference you could make won't end there. You see, welcoming someone into warmth and safety is just the b 72 . You really could enable someone to change their life for good.
For Harvey, it was losing his job that led to him becoming homeless. Since Harvey was we lcomed into St Mungo’s, he has received t73 for his health and so much more. After he took courses in useful life skills, he recently moved into his own flat.
With your gift, you could help us offer a warm welcome to someone l 74 Harvey who's come in from the freezing streets. I'm sure you'll a 75 that’s a wonderful present to give at Christmas. I hope you will send £25, or as much as you can, today.
9. 2019泰州中考真题
Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous as first-hand
smoke. But have you ( 71) h_________ of "third-hand" smoke?
Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces
(表面) of things around, (72) l____________ furniture or clothes.
When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles(粒子) in
tobacco (烟草) smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his
clothes, even after the cigarette (香烟) has been put out. This can
cause a great danger to your family, (73) e_________
younger children.
Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely
to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is(74)b_________ they
are often close to surfaces of things. such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they (75) t_________ these surfaces, they get their hands polluted.
So, it is necessary and important to say (76) n__________ to third-hand smoke. To achieve this, strict ( 77 ) r_________ for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. If one of your family members smokes, please make sure he smokes (78) o________ the house. Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he (79) f__________ smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house. Moreover, make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby.
Many times, you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn't mean he or she is (80)s_____________". Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke.
10. 2019南通中考真题
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. A short video about seven people wearing prosthetic devices(人造装置) who (66) t on a desert race challenge has become popular.
The seven disabled people (67)j in the 108-kilometer desert race from May 11 to 14 in Dunhuang, Northwest China’s Ga nsu Province. Six of the seven had one leg amputated(截肢)，and (68) o had two legs amputated.
Cheng Baojun, a man from Luohe, Central China’s Henan Province, the double amputee, said he never (69) i he could take part in the desert race. “It i s great, I can do it, and you can also. ” “It is easy to say, but walking it is (70) h. ” Cheng said. On the first day, they finished a complete section of 27 kilometers of the race, and on the second day, they finished 20 kilometers.
“My legs were painful while I was walking. We also met with a very big sandstorm on the way. But (71) s it was a challenge, we could not gwe up. We all encouraged each other to continue. ” he said. After getting (72) t, they rested on the third day and walked on the fourth.
Lao Tongyi walked the longest of the group, a distance of more than 70 kilometers. Team leader SunNaicheng said that they had to (73) p through depulation (人烟稀少) areas of the Gobi Desert. He also added that team members challenged themselves and realized their (74) d .
They are good (75)e for everyone to learn from. It’s up to you how far you go. If you don’t try, you will never know.
答案：
1.
66. keeping 67. with 68. Second 69. requires/reminds 70. later
71. what 72. translation 73. Include 74. practice/practice 75. Follow
2.
66. widely nguage 68. use 69. today’s 70. divided
71. changed 72.importance 73. communicate 74. connect 75. great/greater 3.
66. shape 67. middle 68. watched 69. impatient 70. slow/slowly
71. running 72. around 73. think 74. it 75. Never
4.
66. family 67. older 68. quiet 69. how 70. Kindness
71. need 72. replied 73. before 74. invited 75. Forgot
5.
71. birthday 72. arrive 73. interest 74. Friday 75. far
76. wait 77. Shopping 78. Present 79. enjoy 80. Plane
6.
1. years
2. seems
3. terrible
4. rules
5. whether
6. still
7. against
8.fail
9. own 10. Lucky
7.
1. happening
2. However
3. better
4. different
5. include
6. purpose
7. funny
8. knowledge
9. hand 10 easy
8.
66. impossible 67. move 68. increased 69. warm 70. provide
71. shower 72. beginning 73. treatment 74. like 75. agree/accept
9.
71. heard 72. like 73. especially 74.because 75. touch
76. no 77. rules 78. outside 79. finished 80. Safe
10.
66. took 67. joined 68. others 69. imagining 70. hard 71. since 72. growing / getting 73.pass 74. dream 75. examples。