专题19 书面表达(图画图表类) 写作指导 - 2021年高中英语寒假辅导讲义

专题十九书面表达（图画图表类）
高考英语作文可简单分为应用文、说明文、记叙文和议论文。

应用文的主要形式为：建议信、申请信、投诉信、邀请信、电子邮件、通知、倡议书、演讲致辞等；说明文和记叙文的主要形式为图画叙述和图表说明；议论文可分为陈述观点型、正反观点型和说明利弊型。

以下对高考英语书面表达中常见的错误进行汇总：
高考英语书面表达常见错误
一、写作点拨（图画图表类）
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，要求用简洁明快的语言来解说事物、阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。

近几年高考说明文多数以图表、表格或文字的形式给出提示，并往往融合应用文体进行考查，一般分为场所路线介绍、事物介绍、方式方法或计划安排介绍三大类。

时态通常用一般现在时。

写说明文宜采用三段式：
第一段：主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的。

第二段：说明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步骤。

第三段：进行总结概括。

二、词句模板（图画图表类）
1．说明方位、路线常用语：
(1)…is located at the foot of/by the side of/to the east of/to the north of…
(2)In front of it is…，with…on its left and…on its right.
(3)Turning to the left, you will see…，behind which is…
(4)Walking past…，you will see the building that appe ars in front of you is…
(5)Along the road are lines of trees, from which students can find shade from the hot sun.
(6)A walk around…is a feast for the mind as well as the eyes.
(7)On your left lies a(n)…，with all kinds of…in it.
(8)Next to the door ag ainst the wall there is a(n)…，in which we sit to watch TV every evening. 2．说明事物特点或优势的常用语：
(1)…is a new kind of…produced by…，which is…
(2)Made of…，it is light, small, and easy to carry.
(3)Containing much top and new technique, …is famous for its exce llent quality and reasonable price.
(4)It is rich in natural resources such as coal and gold and has mild weather.
(5)Built in the 16th century, the castle has witnessed too much coming and going in history. 3．格式模板（图画图表类）：
【示例一】
①From the picture (graph, chart, table, pie, bar), we know that ________(图表内容总概括).
②On the one hand, the left/first picture tells us that ________(情况一，图一/表一的内容).
③On the other hand, (the right/second)picture informs us that ________( 情况二，图二/表二的内容).
④It can easily be seen that ________(揭示图画/表寓意).
【示例二】
①As is vividly shown/described/depicted in the cartoon/picture, ________(图表内容总概括).
②In the first picture, ________(描述图/表一内容，如果是一个表，则可左或上半部分).
③As is shown in the second drawing/picture, ________(描述图/表二内容，如果是一个表，则右或下半部分).
④It is safe to draw the conclusion that ________(提示寓意，或主题句，回应主题但不是主题句的重复).
10 议论文写作之陈述观点型、正反观点型、说明利弊型
一、写作点拨
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。

论点、论据和论证是不可缺少的三要素。

考生在给出的材料和话题的基础上自由发挥，对所给材料进行判断、论述和发表个人观点。

这种题材有利于体现学生个性发展和思维的灵活性，符合新课程的理念。

对于绝大部分议论文基本上宜用“三段式”的写法，具体来讲就是：
第一段：开头——引论。

用以引出一个令人关注的问题(topic)，阐明观点或看法。

第二段：主体——本论。

全文的主要部分，对提出的问题进行分析、推论，运用材料对观点进行论述，使论点得到足够的支持。

第三段：结尾——结论。

对主体部分内容进行概括，明确论点所要解决、论证的问题。

有时则是提出建议或给出解决问题的方法或策略。

议论文的写作较之于其他题材的文章相对有规律可循，文章的开头具有一定的共性，行文中段落的过渡和观点之间的转化也有相似之处，因此使用规律性的语句不但可以显得条理清楚，而且可以提高文章档次。

二、词句模板
1．段首常用语：
(1)We have had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
(2)We have had a survey on whether students should be allowed to carry mobile phones to school.
(3)Different people hold different opinions/views.
(4)People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards/to…
(5)People take different views on this question.
(6)People have different opinions on this problem.
2．段落过渡常用语：
(1)Others have different opinions.
(2)Sixty per cent of the students are for the idea, while forty per cent of them think otherwise.
(3)Sixty per cent of the students think it necessary to…，but forty per cent of them don't think so.
(4)However，…of them hold a different view/…of them hold the opposite opinion.
(5)People who are against it don't think so. (6)However, every coin has two sides.
3．段尾常用语：
(1)As far as I am concerned，I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that…
(2)In a word，the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of…
(3)Only in this way can…in the future.
4．议论文格式模板：
(1)：观点对比型
There is a widespread concern over the issue that 作文题目. But it is well-known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.
The majority of people think that 观点一. In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude. In the first place, 原因一．Furthermore/In the second place, 原因二. So it goes without saying that 观点一．
The other people, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. They hold the idea that 观点二. In their point of view, on the one hand, 原因一. On the other hand, 原因二. Therefore, there is no doubt that 观点二．
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that 观点一或观点二. It is not only
because ________，but also because ________. The more ________，the more ________. (2)：说明利弊型
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First, A 的优点之一. Besides，A 的优点之二．
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that A 的第一个缺点. To make matters worse, A 的第二个缺点．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to 我的看法. From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it seriously and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only in this way，对前景的预测．
(3)：观点陈述型
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) 作文题目．It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no effort to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know, there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, 途径一. In addition, another way contributing to successfully solving the problem is 途径二．
Above all, to solve the problem of 作文题目，we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, 方法×××．。