2019【中考英语】初中英语语法复习代词情态动词总结及练习题

初中英语代词情态动词总结及练习题
情态动词
专题：情态动词
（一）情态动词的定义
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态a的态度。

（二）情态动词的特点
1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。

（三）情态动词的分类和意义
意义
情态动词
（四）情态动词的基本用法
1. can (could)
1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。

Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。

Could the girl read befor e she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？
2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。

The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing.
气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。

He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car.他不可能有足够的钱买新车。

You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。

3）表示允许。

Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.
他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。

4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。

主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。

Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？
He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty.他不可能超过六十岁。

How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？
5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。

Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？
I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an a nswer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。

2. may (might)
1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。

You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。

He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。

May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly.
/ Please don’t ./ You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。

2）表可能（事实上）。

可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。

He may be at home. 他可能在家。

She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。

He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。

They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure.他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。

3. must
1）表示义务。

意为“必须”（主观意志）。

We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。

You mustn’t talk to her like that.你不可能那样对她说话。

--Must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？
--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.不必。

（这种情况下，一般不用mustn’t）2）表示揣测。

意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。

He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。

他的脸色苍白。

She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。

4. shall
1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。

Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？
Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？
What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？
2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。

You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。

（命令）
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。

（允诺）
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。

（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。

（决心）
5. will
1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。

I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。

None is so blind as those who won’t see.不愿看的人眼最瞎。

If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。

2）表请求，用于疑问句。

Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。

Won’t you drink some more coffee?再来一点咖啡好吗？
3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。

Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。

The door won’t open.这门打不开。

The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。

6. should
1）表义务。

意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。

You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。

You shouldn’t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。

2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。

The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。

They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。

7.would
1）表意愿。

They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。

I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。

2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。

Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？
Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？
They wouldn’t have anything against it.他们不会有什么反对意见。

3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。

Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。

他告诉我盒子打不开了。

8. ought to
1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。

You are his father. You ought to take ca re of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。

You oughtn’t to smoke so much.你不应该抽这么多烟。

2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。

Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。

There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。

9. used to
表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。

疑问式和否定式有两种。

He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。

There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。

I usedn’t (didn’t use) to smoke.我过去不抽烟。

Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？
（一）need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。

用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。

用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。

1.用作情态动词
--Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗？ --需要。

You needn’t telephone him now.你现在不必打电话给他。

I don’t think you need worry.我想你不必发愁。

She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。

H ow dare you say I’m unfair?你竟敢说我不公平？
Not one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事。

2.用作实义动词
You don’t need to do it yourself.你不必亲自做这件事。

We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。

The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。

We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。

He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。

I dare day he’ll come again.我想他会再来的。

（I dare say…为固定习语）
（二）情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法
1.情态动词后跟完成式，表“应当已经……”，“想必已经……”，“本来可以……”等意。

I should have finished the work earlier. 我应当早一点完成这项工作的。

He isn’t here. He must have missed the train.他还未到，一定是没赶上火车。

Where can (could) he have gone? 他能到那里去了呢？
You may (might) have read about it. 你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。

You could (might) have been more careful. 你本来可以更细心的。

He needn’t have worried abo ut it. 他本不必为此事担心。

There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. You ought to have come, but why didn't you?
昨天的聚会非常有意思。

你本应该来，为何不来呢？
2. 情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“应当正在”等意。

It’s twelve o’clock. They must be having lunch.现在是十二点。

他们一定正在吃饭。

They may be discussing this problem. 他们可能正在论讨这个问题。

He can’t be telling the truth.他说的不可能是真话。

She shouldn’t be working like that. She’s sti ll so weak. 她不应当那样干，她身体仍那么虚。

（三）几组词的辨异
1. can 和be able to
1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。

Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5.
玛丽会弹钢琴。

她五岁起就会弹了。

2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was∕were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。

在否定句中两者可通用。

He couldm across the English Channel. But he didn't feel like it that day.
他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。

Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。

2. must和have to
must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。

must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间，在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to代替。

I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。

We had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。

3. would和used to
1）used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would只表过去的情况。

People used to think that the earth was flat.
过去人们认为地球是平的。

（现在人们不这么认为。

）
She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.
在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。

（可能现在仍有散步的习惯。

）
2）used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。

He used to ∕would smoke while writing.过去他写东西时常抽烟。

She used to be fat. 她过去很胖。

1. I __________ you, because I thought I must be wrong.
A. dare not ask
B. dare not to ask
C. dare not asking
D. dare to not ask
2. There __________ some flowers in the garden.
A. were used to be
B. used to be
C. uses to be
D. used to be having
3. "__________ I take it out?" "I'm sorry, you __________."
A. Could ...couldn't
B. Might...might not
C. Could...can
D. May...can't
4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You __________ hurt yourself.
A. may
B. might
C. will
D. might have
5. You __________ those letters. Why didn't you ?
A. should post
B. should have posted
C. must have posted
D. ought to post.
6. All the lights are on, the Smiths __________ up.
A. must get
B. is getting
C. must be getting
D. would get
7. He __________ lead a horse to the water but he __________ not make it drink.
A. will...can
B. may...can
C. may...dares
D. dare...can
8. "Need we do this job now?" "Yes, __________."
A. you need
B. you should
C. you must
D. you can
9. __________ to have lunch with us today?
A. Do you likes
B. Would you like
C. Will you liked
D. Have you liked
10. He said that you __________ watch TV all the evening if you wished.
A. may
B. must
C. can
D. might
11. -Is John coming by train? --He should, but he __________ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must
B. can
C. need
D. may
12. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must
B. can
C. may
D. will
13. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short.
A. needn't
B. can't
C. shouldn't
D. won't
14. I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.
A. may
B. might
C. can
D. could
15. I wonder how he __________ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say
B. dare saying
C. not dare say
D. dared say
16. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may
B. must
C. can
D. need
17. Amy did best in the English test. She __________ hard last week.
A. must have working
B. should have worked
C. should work
D. must work
18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __________ get out.
A. had to
B. would
C. could
D. was able to
19. ---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ---Oh, did you? You __________ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed
B. could stay
C. would stay
D. must have stayed
20. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack __________ be here at any moment.
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. can
答案：
1.A
2.B
3.D
4.D
5.B
6.C
7.B
8.C
9.B10.D11.D12.C13.B14.B15.D16.B17.A18.D19.A20.C
中考二轮复习——完形填空专题（讲义）
【知识点睛】
一、命题特点
题型上来看：越来越降低了对单词本身词义及语法的考查，而注重上下文联系，主要考查学生运用英语基础知识的能力、上下文对照并捕捉关键词的能力、分析行文逻辑及文章的整体理解能力、结合语境分析推理的能力等。

体裁上来看：中考完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文为主，以叙为主，叙议结合，题材新颖。

二、做题步骤
第一步：___________，___________。

完形填空题是一篇意思完整的短文，准确理解短文是解答此类题的关键。

在做此题时，要跳过空格，将全文快速浏览一遍，特别要留意文章首尾句和每段首尾句。

（对文章内容有一个大概的了解，在阅读时，不需要看到全部的信息，根据部分信息就可以了解大意。

千万不要读一句填一句，因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后在语法上都成立，但从全文看却并非正确答案。

）
第二步：___________，___________。

了解文章大意后便要开始填入所缺部分。

在选择答案时，一定要考虑到上下文的逻辑关系，前后对照，从上下文中找出关键性启示。

同时兼顾句子的结构，习惯用法，固定搭配和词类的功能，先选出比较容易的答案，遇到较难的题，可以跳过本题，继续做后面的题，完形填空题文章前后、上下多有暗示和线索提示（文章为了使语篇相互衔接及文章的连贯，有些词会以原词或同义、近义词等形式重复出现在文章中）。

第三步：___________，___________。

初读初选后，还有一些题目没有思路，此时就要逐句细读，逐题分析选项、对上一步骤未确定的个别试题多方推敲，把握全局思维，注意前后逻辑（选连词的空格前后两句可形成指代、列举、因果、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系）。

第四步：___________，___________。

初定选项后，很重要的一步就是要将整篇文章再复读一遍。

对答案进行核实调整，清除疏漏。

再次迅速复读，对短文的理解会更为深刻，更容易判断有疑点或误解的地方（这时要注意时态语态、主谓一致、固定搭配等）。

五读法：
1. 细读首句，预测主题；
2. 跳读全文，领会大意；
3. 通读全文，试选答案；
4. 细读全文，推敲难题；
5. 复读全文，调整答案。

精简步骤：
1. _______。

跳开选项了解信息，初步掌握文章大意。

(1min)
2. _______。

仔细阅读全文，抓住短文的每段、每句作者的思想。

(5min)
3. _______。

再次阅读文章，检查答案，是否符合文章逻辑推理。

(2min)
三、真题演练
A
The greatest feeling in the world comes not from receiving presents, or even getting an A on the math test you studied so hard for. Rather, it 1________ when you hand a cup of hot coffee to that older man sitting on the side of the street asking for money. You feel it when you drive an hour and a half to a 2________ to meet children with cancer. And you feel it when you sit down with your friend to comfort her 3________ her mother died. Helping others can be the greatest feeling in the world, and I 4________ this just one year ago.
My friend asked me to attend a Youth Group meeting at his church. After an hour of listening to them 5________ their opinions, I was invited to go with them to help 6________ the homeless.
Early that Saturday morning, a team of 15 teenagers began making sandwiches and counting bags of candy. For the first time in my life I realized that we, the teens of America, can make a 7________. Since it was my first time, and I wasn’t part of the group, I felt a little out of place. But watching the others 8________ the food drove my nervousness away.
Before long, all 150 bagged lunches were gone and the group was 9________ its way home. I realized that not only is my friend an amazing person, but that all of those people are amazing. That’s what made me join the Youth Group.
I work at a coffee shop but don’t make much. It’s not the best job, but there are times when it’s worth it. For example, a few weeks ago, when the store was 10________ and I was bored, looking out of the window, I noticed an old man sitting outside. He had been there before. As a matter of fact, he 11________ came in to buy anything because he didn’t have any money. I took up a cup of coffee, walked outside, and handed it to him. The smile on his face made my day, and as I walked back into the store, I put my own money into the drawer. Then I knew how the members of the Youth Group feel every time they help someone. Knowing that you can help is 12________ – the greatest feeling in the world.
1. A. starts B. stops C. lasts D. fails
2. A. shop B. church C. country D. hospital
3. A. after B. until C. though D. before
4. A. expected B. discovered C. touched D. offered
5. A. write B. experience C. voice D. discuss
6. A. teach B. encourage C. move D. feed
7. A. decision B. success C. dream D. difference
8. A. take out B. pick out C. hand out D. point out
9. A. in B. on C. through D. by
10. A. empty B. free C. busy D. crowded
11. A. even B. usually C. never D. often
12. A. helpful B. wonderful C. hopeful D. useful
B
It was a cold afternoon in winter. My oldest son, Stephen, was at school, and Reed, my husband, at work. My 1________ little ones were sitting around the kitchen table. Tom was perfecting a paper plane, while Sam was 2________ on an oil painting.
But Laura, our only daughter, sat quietly and was 3________ in her project. Every once in a while she would ask how to 4________ the name of someone in our family, then carefully form the letters one by one. Next, she would add flowers with small items. She finished off each with a sun in the upper right hand corner. Holding them at eye level, she let out a long sigh (叹息) of 5________.
“What are you doing, Honey?” I asked. She looked quickly at her brother before looking back at me. “It’s a 6________.” she said, covering up her work with her hands.
Next, she put her work into a box. When she had finished, she disappeared up the stairs.
It wasn’t until later that evening that I 7________ a “mailbox” taped onto the doors to each of our bedrooms. There were little notes saying that she loved all of us. She hadn’t 8________ Sam or baby Paul. They are pages of colored scenes including flowers with happy faces. “He can’t read yet,” she whispered (低声说), “9________ he can look at the pictures.” Each time I received one of my little girl’s gifts, it 10________ my heart. I was touched at how carefully she paid attention to what wrong happened to us. When Stephen lost a baseball game, there was a letter telling him she thought he was the best ballplayer in the whole world. After I had a 11________ day, there was a message thanking me for my efforts.
This same little girl is grown now, driving off every day to the state college, but some things about her have 12________ changed. Yesterday I found a love note next to my bedside. “Thanks for always being there for me, Mom,” it read, “I’m glad that we’re th e best friends.”
There are angels among us. I know I live with one.
1. A. two B. three C. four D. five
2. A. working B. getting C. holding D. putting
3. A. absent B. lost C. bored D. upset
4. A. complete B. afford C. spell D. check
5. A. satisfaction B. carefulness C. tiredness D. regret
6. A. goal B. dream C. wish D. surprise
7. A. realized B. noticed C. knew D. predicted
8. A. cared B. remembered C. followed D. forgotten
9. A. but B. and C. because D. so
10. A. deepened B. froze C. broke D. brightened
11. A. boring B. different C. hard D. crazy
12. A. never B. already C. ever D. Even
C
Taking a Nap during the Day
Medical experts say most Americans do not get enough sleep. They say more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day, 1________ continuing with other activities.
One study earlier this year found that persons who 2________ for a few minutes during the day were less likely to die of heart disease. The study 3________ more than 2,300 Greek adults for about six years. Adults who rested for half an hour at least three times a week had a 37 percent 4________ risk of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap.
The study organizers said the strongest evidence was in working men. They said naps might improve 5_______ by mitigating (减低) tension caused by work.
Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the 6________ of napping for many years. They urge people to 7________ work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some companies let workers rest briefly in their offices. They believe this reduces 8________ and accidents, and 9________ increases the amount of work a person can do.
Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times. They say people should not 10________ important duties when they feel sleepy. And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is all you need. Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effectiveness 11________ the end of the day. But experts 12________ that a nap should last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep and waking up will be difficult.
1. A. as B. when C. before D. after
2. A. laugh B. sleep C. walk D. move
3. A. knew B. learned C. studied D. followed
4. A. less B. more C. lower D. higher
5. A. life B. health C. thinking D. ability
6. A. way B. idea C. suggestion D. experiment
7. A. leave B. repeat C. change D. improve
8. A. work B. time C. energy D. mistakes
9. A. too B. also C. never D. seldom
10. A. make B. bring C. carry out D. create
11. A. until B. while C. unless D. during
12. A. say B. think C. guess D. warn
D
As sixth graders, kids were separating into groups, but I wasn’t sure where I belonged.
Our teacher gave us a task called “secret friends” for the coming week. We were supposed to do nice things 1_______ our friends without letting them know who was doing it. We could leave encouraging notes or cards either on their desks or in their bags. Before doing the task, with our eyes closed, from a basket, we 2________ a name of a classmate who we were to secretly befriend over the next five days.
Soon, the task was turned into a competition of giving 3________ instead of notes. Everyone was getting cool presents except me. My friend exactly 4________ what the teacher had told us. So I received nothing but hand-made cards with nice words about me.
On the last morning, I finally got a package. When I 5________ it, the girls around all 6________. It was an “old lady” gift. My face went red.
I tried to forget about the shaming gift, but when the same girls 7________ it again during the break in the bathroom, I joined in, “How stupid! My grandmother wouldn’t 8________ want it.”The girls laughed at my words and went out of the bathroom. Washing my hands, I let the water run through my fingers 9________ I thought about my words. It wasn’t 10________ like me to say things like that.”
“I’m your secret friend.”It was Rochelle. “I’m sorry about the gift,”she said to me, tears running down her face.
From a poor family, she was a target (目标) at school for those with rich parents. Yet she just took all the terrible treatment silently.
I was sick to my stomach as my 11________ words ran through my mind. She had heard everything. How could I have been so unkind?
Later I learned she had felt bad all week about not being able to leave me any cool present and her mum had given up her only luxury (奢侈品). And I had destroyed everything for her.
I told her that I had only said those things to try to fit in.
“We aren’t that different from each other, are we?” She smiled understandingly. Her simple 12________, spoken from her heart, found their way straight into mine.
1. A. for B. behind C. through D. like
2. A. drew B. changed C. found D. picked
3. A. chances B. help C. hope D. gifts
4. A. learned B. copied C. followed D. understood
5. A. discovered B. opened C. caught D. held
6. A. cheered B. shouted C. laughed D. clapped
7. A. mentioned B. saw C. showed D. suggested
8. A. just B. ever C. even D. only
9. A. if B. as C. since D. because
10. A. exactly B. perfectly C. normally D. necessarily
11. A. powerful B. hurtful C. useful D. helpful
12. A. cards B. actions C. choices D. words
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A 1-5：ADABC 6-10：DDCBA 11-12：CB
B 1-5：BABCA 6-10：DBDAD 11-12：CA
C 1-5：CBDCB 6-10：BADBC 11-12：AD
D 1-5：AADCB 6-10：CACBC 11-12：BD。