2022年考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：97

2022年考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Passengers have to pay（）charges for their extra language.
问题1选项
A.additional
B.confidential
C.respective
D.sufficient
【答案】A
【解析】句意:乘客不得不为自己额外的行李支付额外的费用。

考查形容词辨析。

Additional 附加的,额外的,外加的; confidential机密的,保密的,秘密的; respective分别的,各自的; sufficient足够的,充足的。

故A符合句意。

2.
单选题
There is supposed to be a safety（）which makes it impossible for trains to collide, thus it can avoid heavy losses.
问题1选项
A.appliance
B.accessory
C.machine
D.mechanism 【答案】D
【解析】句意:应该要有一个可以避免火车相撞的机制，从而避免重大损失。

考查名词辨析。

appliance 器具，器械，装置，家用电器；accessory 配件，附件，［法］从犯，（衣服的）配饰；machine 机械；mechanism 机制，机械装置。

因此D符合句意。

3.
翻译题
A popular way of mustering innovative and fresh ideas is to hold a brainstorming session —but according to a paper published recently in Applied Cognitive Psychology, this may not be the best approach. The study, which was carried out by Nicholas Kohn of the University of Texas at Arlington and Steven Smith of Texas A&M University, suggests that instead of enhancing creativity. brainstoiTnin.u sessions may give rise to a “collaborative fixation” on certain ideas.(1)
In keeping with previous studies, the authors first found that participants produced fewer ideas in total when taking part in a brainstorming session than if they had been working separately. The difference was as high as 44% in the first 5 minutes of a brainstorming session. The authors also found that when working separately particii)ants explored a greater variety of ideas, up to 55% more idea categories than dm.ing brainstomiing sessions. (2)
In a second experiment, the researchers found that participants in a brainstorming session tended to conform to ideas to which they were exposed, and the rate of conformity increased as the number of ideas exposed increased. (3) The authors wrote in their paper “Fixation to other people’s ideas can occur unconsciously and lead to you suggesting ideas that mimic your brainstoniiin»partners.’’ (4)Thus, you potentially become less creative,” Kohn explains in an accompanying press release. This doesn’t necessarily mean that you should ban brainstorming sessions from your lab meetings. You might just need to adjust the format. It seems odd, but, depending on what you want to achieve, the best approach might be to put everyone in a separate room. “Assuming it is desirable to have a wide variety of ideas or solutions to a problem...then one should split the brainstorming group into non-interacting individuals, avoiding a group sessio n,” the authors write in their research paper. “On the other hand, if the goal is to explore a few categories in depth, then interacting among the members should be encouraged. Also, taking a break might help alleviate fixation, leading to an improvement i n ideation, especially in temis of the quantity and variety of ideas. (5)’’
【答案】1.集体研讨会议不但没有提高创造性，反而可能在某些想法上会引起“合作的固定”。

2.作者们也发现，参与者独自工作吋会探讨出更多种类的想法，其数量比集体研讨会议上高出多达55%。

3.集体研讨会议的参与者倾向于顺应自己所接触到的想法，而这种顺应的比率随着所接触的想法数量的增加而增加。

4.“对其他人的想法的固执己见能不知不觉地发生，并且会导致你提出模仿你集体研讨会议伙伴的想法。

”
5.另外，休息一下可能帮助缓和固执己见，从而导致尤其是在想法数量和种类方面的思维能力的提高。

4.
单选题
African-American women poets also（）to the literary achievement of the Harlem Renaissance, particularly in their articulation of race, class and gender issues.
问题1选项
A.contributed
B.approached
C.adapted
D.elevated
【答案】A
【解析】句意:非裔美国女性诗人也对哈莱姆文艺复兴吋期的文学成就做出了贡献，尤其是她们在种族、阶级和性别问题上的表达。

考查动词辨析。

选项均为对应动词的过去式。

contribute贡献，出力，投稿，捐献；approach接近，着手处理； adapt使适应，改编；elevate提升，维起，振奋情绪等。

5.
单选题
Please（）yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them. 问题1选项
A.restrain
B.hinder
C.restrict
D.prohibit
【答案】A
【解析】句意:请不要在公共场所吸烟以及随地吐痰！这可是违法的！
考查动词辨析。

restrain制止，阻止，管制，忍住，后可接反身代词和from,构成restrain oneself from...表示戒掉…习惯，符合题意。

hinder 妨碍，阻止，后不接from,故排除。

restrict 限制，后接介词 to,构成restrict to表示仅限于……，不符合句意，故排除。

prohibit 禁止，可以直接接宾语，后面不接from，也排除。

因此选A。

6.
单选题
I am surprised（）this city is a dull place to live in.
问题1选项
A.that you should think
B.by what you are thinking
C.that you would think
D.with what you were thinking
【答案】A
【解析】句意:你竟然认为这座城市生活起来无趣，这让我感到意外。

语法题。

考查宾语从句。

“what you are thinking” 或“what you were thinking”后面不能接“this city is a dull place to live in”,故排除。

Should本身有“竟然,竟会”的意思,因此选A。

7.
单选题
The damage to my car was（）in the accident, but I have a lingering fear even today.
问题1选项
A.insufficient
B.ambiguous
C.negligible
D.ignorance
【答案】C
【解析】句意:事故中，我的车损伤并不严重，但我至今仍然心有余悸。

考查形容词辨析。

insufficient 不足的，不够的；ambiguous 含糊的，不确定的；negligible 无足轻重的，微不足道的；ignorance无知，愚昧。

But表转折,后面句意为:我至今仍然心有余悸。

因此可知C 符合句意。

8.
单选题
The men were full of（） because they thought their friends had been unjustly punished.
问题1选项
A.diagnosis
B.indigestion
C.indignation
D.aggression
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这些人非常愤怒，因为他们认为他们的朋友受到了不公正的惩罚。

考查名词辨析。

diagnosis 诊断，结论；indigestion 消化不良，难理解；indignation愤怒，愤慨;aggression侵略。

故C符合句意。

9.
单选题
Many functions available from modern software are quite（）and have a number of options. 问题1选项
A.flexible
B.sustainable
C.accessible
D.applicable
【答案】A
【解析】句意:现代软件提供的许多功能非常灵活且有多种选择。

考查形容词辨析。

Flexible能适应新情况的,灵活的,可变动的,柔韧的;sustainable,足可支撑的, 养得起的,可持续的,;accessible ,易接近的,可进入的,可理解的,;applicable ,可适用的,可应用的。

根据and后面的关键信息“have a number of options (有多种选择)”可知A符合句意。

10.
单选题
Fewer and fewer of today’s workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field,（）the same company.
问题1选项
A.all else
B.much worse
C.let alone
D.less likely
【答案】C
【解析】句意:如今越来越少的工人期望在工作生涯中都一直在同样的领域工作，更不必说一直在同样的公司工作。

考查短语辨析。

all else 其他所有;much worse 更糟糕的是;let alone 更不用说，听任，不打扰；less likely 最不可能的是，较少可能。

空格前后表示递进,故选C。

11.
单选题
Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not（）for her work.
问题1选项
A.enough good
B.good enough
C.as good enough
D.good as enough
【答案】B
【解析】句意:尽管苏珊工作非常努力，但是她的薪水相对于她的工作而言却不够好。

考查固定搭配。

由enough修饰形容词时一般需要放在形容词后面且不能与as结构连用。

12.
单选题
The mailman should be here（）; in fact, lie should be here in about five minutes.
问题1选项
A.retrospectively
B.previously
C.currently
D.presently
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个邮差应该一会儿就到这里了；事实上，他应该是在5分钟后到这里。

考查副词辨析。

retrospectively 回顾地；previously 以前，预先，仓促地；currently 当前，现在；presently 回前，一会儿，不久。

根据后半句句意可知D符合句意。

13.
单选题
As a start toward better policy making, the administration should put forward a detailed analysis（）each major proposed policy change.
问题1选项
A.justifying
B.criticizing
C.designing
D.prohibiting
【答案】A
【解析】句意:作为更好政策制定的开始，行政机构应提出一个详细的分析来证明每个被提议的主要政策变化都是有道理的。

考查动词辨析。

选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。

Justify 证明正当（或有道理、合理），替…辩护；criticize 批评，评论;design 设计，计划，构思; prohibit 阻止，禁止。

因此A符合句意。

14.
单选题
The vast majority of people in any given culture will（）to the established standards of that culture.
问题1选项
A.confine
B.conform
C.confront
D.confirm
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在任何特定文化中的绝大多数人将遵守那种文化己确立的标准。

考查动词辨析。

confine 限制，限定，禁闭，confine to 只限于，关在…里面；conform 使遵守，使—致，使顺从，conform to 符合，遵守;confront （为及物动词，其后可以直接跟宾语）使…无法回避，降临于，处理，面对；confirm （为及物动词，其后可以直接跟宾语）确认，证实。

空格与介词to的宾语standards(标准),因此B无论从语义还是搭配上都符合题干要求。

15.
单选题
Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little lias changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class—whether a person is "working-class" or "middle-class"—is one area in which changes have been extremely slow.
In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her "housekeeping", would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.
The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was and still is inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as an important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans. Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about "tomorrow". Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.
The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups. 1.Which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?
2.The writer seems to suggest that the description of（）is closer to truth?
3.According to the passage, which of the following is not a typical feature of the middle class?
4.Working-class people's sense of security increased as a result of all the following factors except?
5.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
问题1选项
A.life style and occupation
B.Attitude and income
C.income and job security
D.job security and hobbies
问题2选项
A.middle -class ways of spending money
B.working-class ways of spending the weekend
C.working-class drinking habits
D.middle-class attitudes
问题3选项
A.desiring for security
B.Making long term plans
C.having priorities in life
D.saving money
问题4选项
A.better social security
B.more job opportunities
C.higher living standard
D.better legal protection.
问题5选项
A.Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.
B.The gap between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing.
C.difference in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.
D.middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。

第二段指出: In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence (过去，工人阶级的工资往往低于中产阶级，如教师和医生。

由于这一点，也由于工人的工作普遍不太稳定，生活方式和态度出现了明显的差异),因此选C “收入和工作稳定”。

2.细节事实题。

第三段指出: The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth (中产阶级花钱的旧模式或许更接近真实),因此A项“中产阶级花钱的方式”正确。

3.细节事实题。

A: 渴望安全,C: 在生活中有优先考虑的事情,第三段指出: Not only did he regard buying a house as an important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security (他(中产阶级) 不仅将买房子看成是一件重要的事情，且他还认为自己孩子的教育非常重耍。

这两个方而为他和自己的家庭提供了安全),因此A和C属于中产阶级的典型特点。

B: 制定长远的计划,由第三段“He was and still is inclined to take a longer-term view(他（即中产阶级）过去且现在仍然倾向于去采取更长远的观点)”可知B项属于中产阶级的典型特点。

只有D项“攒钱”没提及,故选D。

4.细节事实题。

A:更好的社会保障,B: 更多的工作机会,C:更高的生活水平,D:更好的法律保护,第三段指出: Social security and laws, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about "tomorrow"(社会保障和法律，以及 20 世纪以来生活水平的普遍提高，让大家相比以前更没有必要去担心‘明天’),故A、C、D属于导致工人阶级安全感提升的因素。

B项文章未提及。

5.细节事实题。

A:英国社会的各个方面都正在发生缓慢变化,第一段指出: Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned (过去 25 年里，英国社会发生了很大变化或至少它的很多方而发生了很大的变化，但有些方而却没什么变化),因此A项与原文不符。

B: 工人阶级和中产阶级年轻人之间的差距正在缩小,由最后一段“The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people(（工人阶级与中产阶级）在生活方式和态度上的改变可能最容易在年轻人身上被看到)”可知B与原文相符。

C: 收人差异将仍然存在，但是在职业上的那些差异将会消失,最后一段指出: Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid （whatever the type of job they may have） and the low-paid(然而，我们在收入高的人（无论他们可能有的工作种类是什么）和收人差的人之间仍然将会有大的落差),因此C 与原文相符。

D: 中产阶级有时感觉不如工人阶级,第四段指出: In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position (实际上，在过去数年里中产阶级为自己的位置感到有些羞愧的倾向在不断增加),因此D项与原文相符。

故答案选A。