高考英语非谓语动词专项精练

高考英语非谓语动词专项精练
非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，V-ing分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词。

注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词
to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，not to mention…(更不用说)，Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说)
sb’s
在前加not
特别注意复合
结构的否定式：
sb’s not doing
sb’s not having
done
（一）辨别谓语与非谓语
特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。

①The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 pounds must be in a
child safety seat.
A. being weighed
B. weighs
C. weighed
D. weighing
【解析】容易误选B或C，将其当成谓语看待。

under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds 用作children的定语。

动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。

②______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A. Giving
B. Give
C. Given
D. To give
【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选A或C项。

这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。

答案B。

（二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点
1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语
①It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。

②I think it important for us to learn English very well.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。

it作形式主语使用动名词的句型
①It is no use/no good/useless+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭没有用。

②It is fun(a great pleasure, a waste of time)
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。

2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定
下列常见的这些动词（组）后要用动词动名词作宾语
suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）
finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）
give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）
insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（坚持欣赏要实践）
pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对）
keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）
be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）
（三）非谓语作表语的重点
①不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。

不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主
语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。

Our plan is to keep the affair secret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。

Their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。

The music they are playing sounds exciting.他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。

This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world.
这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。

②现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。

现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。

现在分
词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。

如：
This dog is frightening.这条狗让人害怕。

（说明狗的特征）
This dog is frightened.这条狗有些害怕。

（说明狗的心理状态）
Climbing is tiring and we are completely tired after a day's climbing.
爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我们都全累坏了。

（tiring说明climbing的特征，tired说明我们的状态）注意：在下列句中，非谓语动词具体的语法功能
What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales.
他想建议的是降价促销。

（不定式作表语，说明主语“是什么”）
My American teacher is to leave China soon.
我的美国老师即将离开中国。

（不定式作表语，表示将来）
Her work is taking care of the children.她的工作是照顾小孩。

（现在分词作表语，说明主语“是什么”）She is taking care of the children.她在照料小孩。

（构成进行时，说明主语正在执行的动作）
The cup is broken.杯子碎了。

（过去分词作表语，说明主语所处的状态）
The cup was broken by Peter.杯子是被彼得打坏的。

（构成被动语态，说明主语是动作的承受者）（四）非谓语作宾语补足语的重点
1.理解下表中所列的关系
When I came in, I saw her dancing happily. （主动进行）
I saw him go to the cinema.（主动，全过程）
We heard her singing next door.（主动进行）
We heard the song sung by her next door. （被动完成）
We heard the song being sung next door. （被动进行）
2.下列动词和短语必须以用不定式作宾语补足语
wish, want, ask, require/request, order, warn, allow/permit, forbid, expect, remind, encourage, inspire, call on,
depend on
注意：advise/allow/permit/forbid +宾语+不定式作宾语补足语
advise/allow/permit/forbid +动名词作宾语时
（五）非谓语作定语的重点
1.理解下表中所列的关系
It is a good chance to practice your spoken English.这是练习你的口语的好机会。

He was the last one to leave the office. 他是最后一个离开办公室的。

The woman standing over there is our English teacher.站在那边的那个妇女是我们的英语老师。

The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.（将要建的）The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.（正在建的）
The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.（已经建成的）
I like reading books written by Lu Xun.我喜欢读鲁迅写的小说。

2.动词不定式尾后的介词不能丢。

（六）非谓语作状语的重点
1.理解下表中所列的关系
Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.
Having (=Because we have) made full preparations, we are sure to be successful.
Having been shown around(=After we had been shown) the library, we were then taken to see the laboratory.
Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
Locked (=When he was locked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.
2.too…to…, enough to do…, only to…等结构表示结果
The boy is too young to join the navy.这男孩太小参不了海军。

The hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people. 这厅大得足以容纳一千人。

They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet他们搬起石头结果却砸了自己的脚。

注意：动词作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然或必然的结果。

Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.。