动词不定式和动名词总结

动词不定式和动名词总结
Translation
1.奥运会的起源可以追溯到公元前776年的古希腊。

(origin)
2.以前，⼈们以为魔术师有超能⼒，⽽现在，聪明的观众发现魔术师只不过是运⽤⼀些熟练的把戏来娱乐⼤众罢了。

(however)
3.苹果公司计划⽣产⾼分辨率（high resolution）的iPad以吸引更多的年轻⼈。

(appeal to)
4.缺乏可靠的市场是农村发展的最⼤障碍，因为没有市场，农民就没有种植更多粮⾷的积极性。

(for)
Introduction—Vocabulary
1.attempt 常⽤搭配：__________________试图做某事
__________________没有企图做某事
翻译：他赢取第⼀名的尝试失败了。

2.universe 宇宙universal 宇宙的，普遍的
翻译：宇宙起源之⼀是宇宙源于⼀次⼤爆炸。

普遍真理世界通⽤语⾔
3.gift 天赋，才能gifted 有才能的
常⽤搭配：have a gift for (doing) sth 有做某事的天赋
be gifted in/at (doing) sth在某⽅⾯有天赋
4.offer to do主动提出做
offer / offer提供某⼈某物
provide/ provide提供某⼈某物
这个公司出⾼薪聘⽤他，但他婉⾔谢绝了。

5.let sb down 让某⼈失望
let sb in让某⼈进来let sb off饶恕某⼈
篮球队在锦标赛中的糟糕表现让学校⾥的每个⼈都很失望。

6.agree with (sb/ one’s idea/ one’s words/ what sb say) 同意某⼈的想法/话
agree with sb on/ about sth 在某⽅⾯与某⼈取得⼀致意见
agree with sb （对某⼈的健康或胃⼝）适合
agree to do sth 同意做某事
agree on (doing) sth 在（做）某事上达成⼀致
他们对于在哪⼀天举⾏婚礼未能取得⼀致意见。

这⾥的海鲜不太适合我。

Presentation---不定式
本课重点：不定式作主语、宾语、宾补、状语
动词不定式的⽤法
A ．作主语/表语
B ．动词不定式作动词宾语
结构
常⽤动词例句动词+to do afford, agree, aim, attempt, choose, continue, decide, determine, expect, fail, forget, hate, hope, manage, intend, mean, offer, plan, prefer, pretend, promise, refuse
I long to become a football
star.
He agreed to keep it secret.
动词+疑问词+to do know, decide, wonder, learn, remember, see, understand, think, find out 等
I don’t know what to say to
comfort her. 动词+间接宾语+
疑问词+to do
show, teach, advise, tell, inform 等 The farmer showed us how to pick up strawberries. 动词+形式宾语
it+补⾜语+to do find, think, consider, feel, make 等 I find it important to learn a second foreign language.
We t hink it better to set off
early.
C ．动词不定式作宾语补⾜语
1．不定式短语在句⾸作主语
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 主语
The greatest happiness one can get is to love and to be loved. 表语
2. ⽤it 作形式主语
（为了平衡句⼦，⼈们常⽤先⾏词 it 作形式主语，⽽把真正的作主语不定式放在后边。

）掌握⼀门语⾔需要下功夫。

常⽤结构：
① It+be+名词+to do
在这演说很荣幸。

___________________________________
②It takes sb + some time +to do
做完这些⼯作需要花你多少时间？
③It+be+形容词+for sb +to do
在⼀刻钟⾥写完这边作⽂对我们来说是很难的。

④It+be+形容词+of sb +to do
你写下⽼师说的任何事是⾮常愚蠢的。

⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
对这个贫困家庭来说，现在去存钱似乎是不可能的。

注意：在疑问句和感叹句中只能⽤it 作形式主语的结构：
在沙滩上沐⽇光浴多令⼈放松啊！
结构
常⽤动词例句动词+宾语+to do Wish, cause, ask, beg, expect, force, remind, persuade, invite, allow, encourage, advise 等The doctor advise to have a
blood test.
The teacher encouraged us to join in the discussion.
动词词组+宾语+to do arrange for, wait for, ask for, prepare for, long for, rely on 等 I’ll arrange for the guests to
tour seven country towns.
The students waiting for the
exam results to come.
动词+宾语+（to be ）+名词或形容词
consider, prove, believe, suppose, know, think 等 Everyone though David (to
be )a clever boy. 动词+宾语+省略to 的不定式⼀感：feel ⼆听：hear, listen to 三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look
at
I saw the young man slip in
quietly.
注意：转为被动语态时，原不带to 的不定式要变成带to 的不定式。

（除let ）
a.The naturalist saw a pack of wolves cross the plain and run away.
A pack of wolves were seen to ______the plain and ______away ．
虽然经常是哥哥弄哭⼩妹妹，但今天他却被⼩妹妹弄哭了。

__________________________________________________________________
D ．动词不定式作定语
结构
例句
不定式与被修饰名词构成动宾关系
I have a lot work
to do. 在处于动宾关系的情况下，若不定式为
不及物动词，其后动词须加上结构和意
义上所需的介词。

Henry is a pleasant man to talk to. I’ve bought a motorcycle to go to work on. 不定式为及物动词，后接宾语和介词，介词与被修饰的名词构成介宾关系
I want a bookcase to put my books in.
The boy had no children to play with. 被修饰名词和后接不定式构成主谓关
系
He is the right person to do that task. 不定式和被修饰名词构成同位关系
Her wish to be an air hostess has never come true.
E ．动词不定式作状语 1．表⽰⽬的
To save the child, he laid down his life.
I'll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it.
2．表⽰结果
他上了⽕车站，可只发现⽕车已经⾛了。

会议之后，他们分开了，再也没有见过彼此。

很多粉丝等⼏个⼩时仅仅就是为了看⼀眼明星。

Focused Practice
Ⅰ.Choose the best answer for the following questions.
1. It is not always easy __________ invitations.
A. to refuse
B. refusing
C. to be refused
D. being refused
2. To answer correctly is more important than __________
A. a quick finish
B. to finish quickly
C. finishing quickly
D. you finish quickly
3. How __________ the problem will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.
A. to solve
B. to be solved
C. being solved
D. solving
4. It was polite _________ the child to give up his seat to the elderly woman.
A. for
B. of
C. to
D. with
5. I don’t think it’s much good __________ to him.
A. writing
B. to write
C. to be written
D. being written
6. _______time, the man stepped into one of the airport bars and ordered a coffee.
A. To kill
B. Killing
C. By killing
D. For killing
7. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
8. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.
A. make friend with
B. make friends of
C. make friends
D. make friends with
9．Which do you enjoy __________ your weekends, fishing or watching TV? A．spending B．to spend C．being spent D．spend
10. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to
B. so as not to
C. so as to not
D. not so as to
11. I need a day or two ________.
A. to think it over
B. to think over
C. of thinking
D. to think
12. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
13. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.
A. ride；ride
B. riding；ride
C. ride；to ride
D. to ride；riding
14. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.
A. sit
B. sit on
C. be sit
D. be sat on
15. Don’t talk with him any more. He is a man who is hard to ________.
A. be pleased
B. pleasant
C. pleasing
D. please
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with the words given bellow.
1.Others will tell you that she is______(modesty),funny, clever, warm.
2.Ryle accepted more out of ________(curious) than anything else.
3.As a result of the _________(growth)fears about home security, more people are arranging for
someone to stay in their home when they are away.
4.Most statesmen regarded a war as an _________(inviting) to disaster.
5.Ted managed to combine business with________(please).
6.I have a very high _________(repute) for your friends and relatives.
7.He is a violinist who spent years________(perfect)his techniques.
8.The entire audience broke into loud_________(applaud)
9.Bach and Mozart were musical________.
A. talent
B. gifts
C. geniuses
D. genius
10.They didn’t ______one another as to what type of computer they would buy.
A. agree to
B. agree on
C. agree about
D. agree with
11.________by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but_______up.
A. Surrounded; to give
B. Having surrounded; to give
C. Surrounding; to give
D. Surrounding; give
1.你尽管放⼼，这台机器不会让你失望。

（let down）
2.温家宝总理对国家强烈的责任感声名远扬。

（reputation, a sense of responsibility）
3.史密斯夫妇主动提出开车送我去机场，他们真是太好了。

（offer）
4.只有在物理、化学、医学、⽂学、经济学和和平领域为⼈类作出杰出贡献的⼈才能获得诺贝尔奖。

（honor）。