人教新目标版八年级英语下册Unit1What’sthematter短语语法知识点汇总

Unit 1
What’s the matter 一、必背短语
Section A 部分
1
.患感冒have a cold 2
.胃痛have a stomachache
3
.喉咙痛have a sore throat 4
.背痛have a sore back
5
.躺下歇息lie down and rest 6
.量体温
take one ’s
temperature
7
.说得太多talk too much 8
.歇息take breaks/a break
9
.下车get off 10
.拍 X光片get an X-ray
11 .看见某人正在
做 ..see sb. doing
12
.频频考虑think twice
13
.期望某人去做某事expect sb. to do 14
.使吃惊的to one ’s surprise
15
.赞同做某事agree to do sth.16
.实时in time
17
.多亏，因为thanks
to
18
.
堕入窘境；惹麻
烦get into trouble
Section B 部分
1
.歇息几日rest for a few
days
2
.把放下；低下put down
3
.告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do 4
.告诉某人不要去做tell sb. not to do
5
.做某事有问题 / 麻烦 / 困难have problems/trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth
6
.对感兴趣be interested in 7
.习惯于做某事
be used to doing
sth
8
.过去常常做某事used to do sth 9
.冒险take risks/a risk
10 .因为 / 因为
+n./pron.because of
11
.处于险境
in a dangerous
situation
12
.处于窘境ina difficult 13
.用尽，耗光run out (of)
situati on
14
.准备 / 乐于做某事be ready to do 15
.切除cut off
16
.这样以致于so
that
17
.以便于；为了
so that/in order
that
18
.走开；从 .. 出来get out
of
19
.做决定
make decisions/a
decision
20
.掌控，管理be in control of21 . 的重要性the importance of
22
.放弃give up 23
.用绷带包扎put a bandage on
24
.持续做某事keep on doing
25
.
仿佛 / 仿佛做某
事seem to do
【教材内容分析】
Section A
1. What’s the matter? (P. 1)
What’s the matter意为“怎么了？出什么事了？”，常用来咨询对方碰到什么麻烦或许有什么不
顺心的事，后接with sb./sth.表示“某人/某物怎么了”。

能够表示“你怎么了？”的句子有：(1). _____________________________________________
(2). _____________________________________________
(3)._____________________________________________
(4). _____________________________________________
(5). _____________________________________________
(6). _____________________________________________
2. I have a stomachache. (P. 1)
stomachache 用作名词，表示“胃疼、腹疼”，是一个复合名词，含有后缀ache的常有复合词还有：头痛 ______________ ；牙痛 _________________；耳痛 ________________
3. have a sore throat (P. 1)
sore是形容词，意为“痛苦的，酸痛的”可作定语或表语。

常有短语：
喉咙痛： _______________________
后背痛： _______________________
4. lie down and rest . (P. 2)
(1). lie down意为“躺下”。

【拓展 1】 lie用作动词能够表示“躺”或许“位于”，还能够表示“说谎”。

She is lying in bed with a bad cold.英译汉_________________________________
Beijing lies in the north of China.英译汉__________________________________
It is a bad habit to lie.英译汉___________________________________________
【拓展 2】 lie及lay一词多义
原形过去式过去分词此刻分词
lie（躺、位于）lay lain lying
lie（说谎）lied lied lying
lay （搁置、下蛋）laid（laid laying
记忆口诀：规则说谎，不规则躺；躺过下蛋，下蛋不规则。

(2).rest此处用作动词，表示“歇息”，rest也能够用作名词，表示“歇息”，常用的短语为“休息”： _______________________.
例句： Let ’s stop working and have a rest.
5. Maybe you have a fever...(P. 2)
perhaps ，能够与may be互相变换。

maybe作副词，表示“可能、或许”，常常放在句首，相当于
Maybe he is a foreigner.
=He may be a foreigner.
6. You need to take breaks away from the computer. (P. 2)
need 作动词时，不单能够作神态动词，还能够作实义动词，作神态动词时，后接动词原形；作实义
动词时，后接名词或许动词不定式（to do ）作宾语。

You need n’t go to the meeting too early.判断划线词性（）A.神态动词； B.实义动词We need three more workers.判断划线词性（）A.神态动词；B.实义动词
He doesn’t need to worry too much.判断划线词性（）A.神态动词；B.实义动词
7. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. (P.
without 用作介词，表示“无、没有”，后接名词、代词或许动名词，反义词是with 。

They left ___________ (with) saying goodbye.（用所给词的正确形式填空）
We can’t live __________(with) air and water.（用所给词的正确形式填空）
8. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. (P. 2)
本句是含有if指引的条件状语从句的主从复合句，可按照三条原则：
(1).主将从现：即主句用一般未来时态，从句用一般此刻时态。

(2).主祈从现：即主句为祈使句，从句用一般此刻时态。

(3).主情从现：即主句含有神态动词，从句用一般此刻时态。

翻译句子：假如明日下雨，我将不会去公园。

__________________________________________________
翻译句子：假如明日不下雨，我们会去野餐。

__________________________________________________
翻译句子：假如你不善于英语，你能够向老师追求帮助。

__________________________________________________
9. ...when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. (P. 3)
(1). see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，重申所看到的动作正在进行。

翻译： I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday.
(2). see sb do sth看到某人做了或常常做某事。

翻译： I often see her dance in the park.
10. The bus driver...stopped the bus without thinking twice. (P. 3)
(1). think twice意为“一再考虑、衡量利害”。

翻译：You should think twice before you make the final decision.
【拓展】think的有关短语
think about思虑、考虑； think of想起、以为； think over认真考虑
11. He
got off and asked the woman what. (P. 3)
happened
(1). get off意为“下车”，反义词是get on “上车”。

翻译： Before getting off the bus, you should take care.
(2). happen 表示“发生”的时候，作不及物动词，常用的构造为： sth. happens to sb. “某人发生了某事”。

翻译： An accident happened to him yesterday and now he lies in hospital.
12. Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. (P. 3)
have to表示“一定、不得不”，重申客观上的一定，must 重视于个人意志和主观上的一定。

翻译： We have to walk home because the car has broken down.
翻译： We must study hard.
13. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. (P.
3)
(1) expect 的常有用法：
① expect to do sth.期望做某事
翻译： The fans are expecting to see the football star.
② expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事
翻译： The man expects his son to pass the exam successfully.
(2) wait的常有用法：
①wait for sb./sth.“等候某人或许某事”
翻译： We are waiting for the result of the exam.
②wait to do sth.“等候做某事”
翻译： All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus.
③ can’t wait to do sth.“急不行待做某事”
翻译： The children can’t wait to rush out after the class is over.
14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. (P. 3)
① agree with sb.赞同某人
翻译： I can ’t agree with you more.
② agree to sth.赞同某事
翻译： Do you agree to the plan?
③agree on sth.在某事上完成一致建议
翻译： They finally agreed on the design of the bridge.
④ agree to do sth.赞同做某事
翻译： Her parents don’t agree to marry( 嫁 ) their daughter to the man.
15. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time. (P. 3)
(1). thanks to表示“多亏、因为”，后接名词或代词，作原由状语，相当于because of。

翻译： Thanks to the warm and sunny weather, oranges grow well here.
(2).in time“实时”重申正好追上预先商定的时间，没有迟到。

翻译： I am just in time for the plane.
【拓展】 on time“准时”指按计划做某事，重申不迟到，不早不晚。

翻译： Please hand in your homework on time.
16. “It’s sad that many people don ’t want to help others because they don ’t want any
trouble,” says one passenger. (P. 3)
(1)本句是“ It is+形容词 +that从句”，句中的it作形式主语，取代真实的主语that从句。

翻译： It is important that we should protect the environment.
(2) other:意为“其余、其余的”，常用来修饰可数名词。

the other:表示“二者中另一个”，是特指；
the other以后也能够加复数名词，特指“其余的”。

another:表示“三者中另一个”。

others:用作代词，泛指“其余的人或物”是复数观点。

the others:特指在一个整体中的“其余的人或物（所有）”。

翻译： We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects.
翻译： There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys.
翻译： You should think of others.
翻译： There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others
are boys.
17. Bus No. 26hit an old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P. 3)
hit表示“撞击、打击”，表示“打某人某个部位”时用“hit sb.+介词（on, in） +the+ 身体部位”，若打的部位较硬用on，打的部位较软用in 。

翻译： The man hit the little boy in the face.
18. The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital
right away意为“马上、马上”，相当于at once或许right now
Section B 。

right away. (P. 3)
1. Someone felt sick. (P. 5)
sick用作形容词，意为“患病的、有病的”，能够作定语或许表语，而ill表示“患病的”，只能用作表语。

I have to look after my sick grandpa.问：sick
The old woman is seriously sick/ill.问：ill 2. have problems breathing(P. 6)
have problems (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有问题have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.。

翻译： She has problems (in) riding a bike.
在此处作 __________语。

在此处作 __________ 语。

/ 麻烦”，相当于：
___________________________________________________
3. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. (P. 6)
(1). as用作介词，表示“作为、身为”。

As a student, you should study hard.
(2).辨析：used to do sth；be used to do sth；与be /get used to doing sth
used to do sth.过去常常做某事be used to do sth.被用来做某事be /get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事记忆口诀： used to do常常过；
be used to do被用做；
be used to doing习惯做
翻译： The boy used to play computer games.
______________________________________________________
翻译： More and more wood （木材）is used to make paper.
______________________________________________________
翻译： His father is used to watching TV before going to bed.
______________________________________________________
(3) risk表示“冒险时”，既能够作名词，也能够作动词，作名词常和动词take连用，take a risk “冒险”；作动词时，后接动名词作宾语。

The fireman took the risk of losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building.
翻译： __________________________________________________________________
4. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. (P. 6)
because of 意为“因为，因为”，后跟名词短语。

在句中常和because 指引的原由状语从句连用，可是 because 后边跟句子。

翻译： We can’t go out because it rains heavily.=We can’t go out because of the heavy
rain.
___________________________________________________________________例题：— Did you have a sports meeting yesterday?
— No, we didn ’t. It was put off ____________ the heavy rain.
A. Instead of
B. because of
C. as for
D. across from
5. But when his water ran out , he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. (P. 6)
(1) run out意为“用尽、用完”，后接宾语时，需要加上介词of 。

翻译： They ran out of their money. ____________________________________________
(2) 动词不定式短语to save his own life在句子作目的状语。

动词不定式组成的目的状语可位于
句首，用逗号与主句分开，也能够位于谓语动词以后。

翻译： To learn Japanese, she went to Japan. _____________________________________
翻译： You should work hard to get good grades. _________________________________
6. He was not ready to die that day. (P. 6)
① be/get ready for sth.“为做准备”
The students are reviewing (复习) lessons to get ready for the coming final exams.
翻译： __________________________________________________________________
②be/get ready to do sth.“准备做某事、愿意做某事”
The kind girl is ready to help anyone in trouble.
翻译：_________________________________________________________________
7. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. (P. 6)
(1) so that指引目的状语从句，用以说明主句动作的目的，能够与in order that
常会出现表示“能够的神态动词”，如can, could, may, might, will, would等。

翻译： We started early so that we could catch the first train.
交换，从句经
________________________________________________________________翻译： He studies hard so that he could find a good job in the future.
________________________________________________________________翻译： We used the computer in order that we might save time.
________________________________________________________________
(2) too much用来修饰不行数名词或许动词，much too 用来修饰形容词或许副词。

翻译： There is too much pollution today.
________________________________________________________________翻译： The doctor asked him to lose weight because he was much too fat.
________________________________________________________________
8. After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. (P. 6) called此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与named同义。

翻译：This is a book named/called Journey to the West.
_____________________________________________________________
翻译： The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate.
____________________________________________________________
9. This means being
in a difficult situation that you cannot to get out of. (P. 6)
seem
seem用作系动词，表示“仿佛、仿佛”，常用的构造有：seem+adj./to be/that+句子。

翻译： The story seems true. ___________________________________________
翻译： What he said seemed to be a lie.
____________________________________________________________
翻译： It seems that they are going to work all weekend.
_____________________________________________________________
10. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of one’s life. (P. 6)
(1)make a decision或许make decisions表示“做出决定”。

翻译：他们期望你来做出决定。

________________________________________________________
(2) in control of意为“控制、管理”。

翻译：Who is in control of the project (项目 )?
________________________________________________________
(3). the importance of sth/doing sth.（做）某事的重要性
翻译：Most students don’t know the importance of studying hard.
________________________________________________________
11. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. (P. 6)
(1)在由so...that指引的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。

其构造是:“...so +形容词（副词）+ that +从句”。

翻译： He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.
________________________________________________________
翻译： The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.
________________________________________________________
翻译： Grandmother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.
________________________________________________________
(2). keep on doing sth.意为“持续做某事”，重申持续或许重复做某事。

例句： You shouldn ’t ke ep on thinking about it.
mind taking risks. (P. 7)
12. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t
① mind doing sth.介怀做某事
翻译： Would you mind opening the window please?
________________________________________________________
② mind sb ’s/sb doing sth.介怀某人做某事
翻译： Do you mind my/me calling you at night?
________________________________________________________
13.Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. (P. 7)
give up 表示“放弃”，后接名词、代词或许动名词作宾语。

翻译： Don't give up your dream easily.
____________________________________________
翻译：He has given up playing computer games.
____________________________________________
【语法解说】
（一）should和shouldn't表示建议
1．Should为神态动词，意为“应当；应当”，否认式为shouldn ’t ，后来接动词原形，无人称和
数的变化。

常用来表示征询建议、建议、劝说、要求或义务等。

翻译：你应当喝加有蜂蜜的热水。

_______________________________________
翻译： He should put his head back _______________________________________
翻译：你不该当看电视。

________________________________________________
2．Should 用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询建议。

翻译：我应当给它敷上药吗？___________________________________________
翻译：我们应当告诉她这件事吗？________________________________________
【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有好多，并且都是中考考察的要点。

主要构造有：
①Would you like (to do) sth．？你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？
翻译：你想要和我一同打篮球吗？________________________________________
②Shall I/we do sth ?我／我们做,,好吗？
翻译：明日我们去动物园，好吗？________________________________________
③Why not do sth ? 为何不呢？
翻译：为何不给她量下体温呢？________________________________________
④How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样？
翻译：去游泳怎么样？_________________________________________________
⑤Let ’s do sth让我们做吧。

翻译：我们回家吧。

___________________________________________________
⑥You’d better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。

翻译：你最好不要独自去那边。

_________________________________________
（二）反身代词
1．反身代词能够用作一些动词( 短语 ) 或介词的宾语，此时，句子的主语和宾语一定同一个人或物。

(1). We must look after ourselves and keep fit．
我们一定照料好自己，保持身体健康。

(2). She often buys herself nice clothes．
她常常为自己买美丽的衣服。

(3).Don’t think too much of yourself!
别过多地为自己考虑!
2．反身代词在句中还能够用作主语或宾语的同位语，用来增强语气，表示“亲身、自己、自己”等
意思。

但反身代词在句中不可以独自作主语。

如：
(1).I don’t need any help．I can do it myself．我不需要帮助，我自己能做。

( 主语的同位语 ) 这句话不行表示成I don’t need any help，myself can do it．
(2). If you want to know more， you may ask Miss White herself．
假如你想认识更多状况，你能够问一问怀特小姐自己。

( 宾语的同位语)
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3．反身代词在句中还能够用作连系动词的表语。

如：
(1). The little boy in the photo was himself．
照片中的那个小男孩就是他自己。

反身代词组成的固定表达：
4. ★ by oneself意为“独自，凭自己”，相当于alone；
enjoy oneself意为“玩得快乐，过得快乐”，相当于have fun或have a good time；
help oneself to意为“随意吃或喝点，随意用" ；
keep to oneself意为“不将某事说出去”；
say to oneself意为“喃喃自语”。

（三） have 表示“患病、遭到（病痛）”
(1)咨询某人患了何种疾病或碰到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种构造来表达：
What’s the matter (with sb．)? （某人）怎么了？
What’s wrong (with sb．)? （某人）怎么了？
What’s the trouble (with sb．)? （某人）出什么事了？
What happened (to sb．)?（某人）发生了什么事？
Are you OK?你没事吧？
Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？
(2)要表达身体痛苦或不舒畅，可用以下构造：
①某人 +have/has+ 病症．
The twins have colds．双胞胎感冒了。

Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.
She had a stomachache last night．她昨晚肚子痛。

③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位．He has a sore throat．他喉咙痛。

④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词．He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。

⑤某部位 +hurt(s).
My head hurts badly．我头痛得厉害。

⑥ [ 拓展 ] 某人 +have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位，I have a pain in my chest
．我胸口痛。

⑦(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位．
There is something wrong with my right eye.我的右眼有缺点。