情态动词与虚拟语气课件-2023届高考英语一轮复习
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常考点：4 1. Can (Could)/ May(Might) / Shall I do sth.? 2. Will (Would)/ Can (Could) you do sth.? 3. Shall I /we / he / she / they / Tom
/Rose/the applicant do sth.?
rained/were to rain/should rain 2.If it __________ (rain) tomorrow, the sports meeting __w_o_u_ld__b_e__ca_n_c_e_ll_e_d___(cancel)
3.If I __w_e_re____(be) you, I __w_o_ul_d_w__or_k___(work) harder at my lessons.
ought to have done …= should have done …
5. shall 的常见两种用法 1）肯定句中 对主语的命令、警告、威胁、强制、
允诺；法令条纹制度规则
2）疑问句中 用于第一第三人称表征求对方意见 或请求。Shall I /we/he/she/Tom/Rose/…do sth.?
与过去相反 would/could/might/ should+have done
状语从句的虚拟
so that / in order that –C 从句中用 “情态 动词can, could, may, might + 动词原形” 表达虚拟。
in case, for fear that从句中用“should + 动词原形”表达虚拟。
TIPS
虚拟语气
insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do; Insist 表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事 实。 suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。 suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。
• 1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气， 祈使语气和虚拟语气.
• 2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实， 或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的 情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的 语气叫虚拟语气。
虚拟语气
Types
时 间 If 条件句
过去 had done
现在 were/V-ed
did / were
将来 should do
情态动词
1. can 与 could四种常见用法 1) 能力； 2) 猜测、客观可能性：肯定句、疑问句、否定句 3) 请求与允许：疑问句中 4) 惊异、怀疑、不相信 (常放疑问句中)
How can it be (that) sb. + V? can’t 的三种含义： 1）不能；表没能力 2）不可能；表否定判断或猜测 3）不可以；表禁止，语气弱于mustn’t
could have done 过去本来打算做而未做用：
would (like to) have done ★如后but 分句, 分句中用一般过去时(时态)，表对过去事
实 的陈述。
过去一定是做了某事
must have done sth. 过去可能做了某事
肯定句中：may / might have done sth. 疑问句中: can/could have done sth. 过去不可能做了某事
were Leabharlann o do主句 would (could,might...) + have (been) done
would (could,might...) + do (be done)
would (could,might...) + do (be done)
虚拟语气
Practice:
1.If he _h_a_d_h_u_r_ri_e_d__(hurry), he _c_o_ul_d_h_a_v_e__ca_u_g_h_t (catch) the train yesterday.
Were you to succeed, you would be happy.
If you were to succeed, you would be happy. We would not go climbing if it should rain tomorrow. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. We would not go climbing should it rain tomorrow.
3.If it hadn’t been for the rain， we would have finished the work.
=But for the rain，we...
虚拟语气
2. Should +v 型
1）在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语 从句(即名词性从句）中。这种用法的词有：
物件不适用。如： The door won’t lock. 物件适用。如：100 yuan will do for my trip.
2）习惯，总是 3）客观趋势、真理 4）will表“临时起意”
4. should五种常见用法 1）现在或将来的义务、责任 “应该、应当” 2）猜测、推论 “理该、按道理该。。。” 3）虚拟条件句中， “万一” 4）意外、惊喜、不可思议 “竟然、居然” 5）名词性从句中的虚拟（should） + 动词原形 6）委婉 5. ought to 两种常见用法 同should的1、2中用法。较正式。 过去该做而未做
（2）虚拟语气的倒装： 有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即 “were / had / should +主语+...”。
If you had taken my advice, you would have succeed. Had you taken my advice, you would have succeeded.
3. If only I _co_u_ld__s_e_e_(see) the beautiful girl again.
wish 型（2）
would rather + sb.
现在或未来: did 过去: had done
wish 型（3）
一般过去时 It is (high/about) time that
情态动词 + have (been) done 表对过去的虚拟。 过去该做而未做用：
should have done/ ought to have done 过去没必要做而做了用：
needn’t have done 过去有可能做而未做用：
might have done /could have done 过去有能力或有可能做而未做用：
过去不敢做某事: dared not do sth. didn’t dare (to) do sth. 过去没必要做某事
needn’t do sth. didn’t need to do sth. It was not necessary to do sth. 过去不常做某事
use(d)n’t to do sth. didn’t use to do sth.
4. If I __h_a_d____(have) time now, I _w_o_u_l_d_a_t_t_en_d_ (attend) the meeting.
（1）时间错综虚拟句：当虚拟条件状语从句所表 示的与主句表示的发生的时间不一致时，动词的形 式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。“各自为政” If you had listened to the teacher carefully yesterday, you could answer the teacher's question now. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) If you __h_a_d_s_t_u_d_ie_d____(work) hard before, you ___w_o_ul_d__be____ a college student now.
can’t / couldn’t have done sth. shouldn’t have done 三层含义： 1) 过去该做而未做=ought to have done 2) 过去理该做了某事= ought to have done 3) 过去竟然做了某事
Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气）
should + 动词原形
此处should 不省略
虚拟语气 典型句型（4）
一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if…）, 其后的句子与if型虚拟中主句用法一致。
but for +n(要不是),
without +n,
+句子
otherwise(否则)
与现在/将来相反 would/could/might/ should +V. (原)
一个坚持 insist 两个命令 order, command 四个建议 advise, suggest, propose, recommend 六个要求 demand, require, request, ask, desire, urge
其后的宾语从句及其同根名词 (order,advice,suggestion,proposal,requirement,etc)引导的主 语，表语，同位语从句中谓语动词用(should) do
2. may 三种常见用法 1) 许可 否定形式mustn’t
--- Might I…? --- Yes, you may / can. …No, you mustn’t./ you’d better not. 2) 猜测、可能（不用于疑问句）
否定形式may not (意为 “可能不 ”) 3）祝愿（用于祈使句） 3. will与 would四种常见用法 1) 意愿 → 不乐意 won’t / wouldn’t
6. must的常见三种用法： 1）义务、意图、建议
否定形式：mustn’t 禁止，不允许 2）猜测“必定、肯定”
否定形式 ：can’t 不可能 3) 主张 “偏要、非得要、一定要”
条件句、疑问句中
7.表请求、允许、允诺
注意：人称与情态动词之间的呼应。
表委婉的could / would / might，回答中恢复原形: can, will, may.
T. or F.
You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. F
Your pale face suggests that you are ill. T
I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. F
I insisted that you were wrong. T
典型句型
1. would rather sb. did sth. (表对现在、将来的虚拟) had done sth. (表对过去的虚拟)
I would rather you _h_ad_n_’t__to_ld__(not tell) me the truth. I won’t have a good sleep tonight.
wish 型（1）
wish
现在: did（were）
as if /as though 过去: had done
if only
未来: would/could/might +V.(原)
+从句
if only 虚拟用法同wish:
1. If only I _w_e_r_e___(be) rich.
2. If only I _ha_d__t_a_ke_n_(take) the doctor's advice then.
(3).含蓄虚拟句：有时if引导的虚拟条件从句，可用介词 without 或but for 引导的短语来代替。
1.If there were no water, fish could not live. Without water, fish could not live.
2. If you had not helped me, I would have failed. Without /but for your help, I would have failed.
/Rose/the applicant do sth.?
rained/were to rain/should rain 2.If it __________ (rain) tomorrow, the sports meeting __w_o_u_ld__b_e__ca_n_c_e_ll_e_d___(cancel)
3.If I __w_e_re____(be) you, I __w_o_ul_d_w__or_k___(work) harder at my lessons.
ought to have done …= should have done …
5. shall 的常见两种用法 1）肯定句中 对主语的命令、警告、威胁、强制、
允诺；法令条纹制度规则
2）疑问句中 用于第一第三人称表征求对方意见 或请求。Shall I /we/he/she/Tom/Rose/…do sth.?
与过去相反 would/could/might/ should+have done
状语从句的虚拟
so that / in order that –C 从句中用 “情态 动词can, could, may, might + 动词原形” 表达虚拟。
in case, for fear that从句中用“should + 动词原形”表达虚拟。
TIPS
虚拟语气
insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do; Insist 表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事 实。 suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。 suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。
• 1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气， 祈使语气和虚拟语气.
• 2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实， 或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的 情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的 语气叫虚拟语气。
虚拟语气
Types
时 间 If 条件句
过去 had done
现在 were/V-ed
did / were
将来 should do
情态动词
1. can 与 could四种常见用法 1) 能力； 2) 猜测、客观可能性：肯定句、疑问句、否定句 3) 请求与允许：疑问句中 4) 惊异、怀疑、不相信 (常放疑问句中)
How can it be (that) sb. + V? can’t 的三种含义： 1）不能；表没能力 2）不可能；表否定判断或猜测 3）不可以；表禁止，语气弱于mustn’t
could have done 过去本来打算做而未做用：
would (like to) have done ★如后but 分句, 分句中用一般过去时(时态)，表对过去事
实 的陈述。
过去一定是做了某事
must have done sth. 过去可能做了某事
肯定句中：may / might have done sth. 疑问句中: can/could have done sth. 过去不可能做了某事
were Leabharlann o do主句 would (could,might...) + have (been) done
would (could,might...) + do (be done)
would (could,might...) + do (be done)
虚拟语气
Practice:
1.If he _h_a_d_h_u_r_ri_e_d__(hurry), he _c_o_ul_d_h_a_v_e__ca_u_g_h_t (catch) the train yesterday.
Were you to succeed, you would be happy.
If you were to succeed, you would be happy. We would not go climbing if it should rain tomorrow. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. We would not go climbing should it rain tomorrow.
3.If it hadn’t been for the rain， we would have finished the work.
=But for the rain，we...
虚拟语气
2. Should +v 型
1）在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语 从句(即名词性从句）中。这种用法的词有：
物件不适用。如： The door won’t lock. 物件适用。如：100 yuan will do for my trip.
2）习惯，总是 3）客观趋势、真理 4）will表“临时起意”
4. should五种常见用法 1）现在或将来的义务、责任 “应该、应当” 2）猜测、推论 “理该、按道理该。。。” 3）虚拟条件句中， “万一” 4）意外、惊喜、不可思议 “竟然、居然” 5）名词性从句中的虚拟（should） + 动词原形 6）委婉 5. ought to 两种常见用法 同should的1、2中用法。较正式。 过去该做而未做
（2）虚拟语气的倒装： 有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即 “were / had / should +主语+...”。
If you had taken my advice, you would have succeed. Had you taken my advice, you would have succeeded.
3. If only I _co_u_ld__s_e_e_(see) the beautiful girl again.
wish 型（2）
would rather + sb.
现在或未来: did 过去: had done
wish 型（3）
一般过去时 It is (high/about) time that
情态动词 + have (been) done 表对过去的虚拟。 过去该做而未做用：
should have done/ ought to have done 过去没必要做而做了用：
needn’t have done 过去有可能做而未做用：
might have done /could have done 过去有能力或有可能做而未做用：
过去不敢做某事: dared not do sth. didn’t dare (to) do sth. 过去没必要做某事
needn’t do sth. didn’t need to do sth. It was not necessary to do sth. 过去不常做某事
use(d)n’t to do sth. didn’t use to do sth.
4. If I __h_a_d____(have) time now, I _w_o_u_l_d_a_t_t_en_d_ (attend) the meeting.
（1）时间错综虚拟句：当虚拟条件状语从句所表 示的与主句表示的发生的时间不一致时，动词的形 式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。“各自为政” If you had listened to the teacher carefully yesterday, you could answer the teacher's question now. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) If you __h_a_d_s_t_u_d_ie_d____(work) hard before, you ___w_o_ul_d__be____ a college student now.
can’t / couldn’t have done sth. shouldn’t have done 三层含义： 1) 过去该做而未做=ought to have done 2) 过去理该做了某事= ought to have done 3) 过去竟然做了某事
Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气）
should + 动词原形
此处should 不省略
虚拟语气 典型句型（4）
一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if…）, 其后的句子与if型虚拟中主句用法一致。
but for +n(要不是),
without +n,
+句子
otherwise(否则)
与现在/将来相反 would/could/might/ should +V. (原)
一个坚持 insist 两个命令 order, command 四个建议 advise, suggest, propose, recommend 六个要求 demand, require, request, ask, desire, urge
其后的宾语从句及其同根名词 (order,advice,suggestion,proposal,requirement,etc)引导的主 语，表语，同位语从句中谓语动词用(should) do
2. may 三种常见用法 1) 许可 否定形式mustn’t
--- Might I…? --- Yes, you may / can. …No, you mustn’t./ you’d better not. 2) 猜测、可能（不用于疑问句）
否定形式may not (意为 “可能不 ”) 3）祝愿（用于祈使句） 3. will与 would四种常见用法 1) 意愿 → 不乐意 won’t / wouldn’t
6. must的常见三种用法： 1）义务、意图、建议
否定形式：mustn’t 禁止，不允许 2）猜测“必定、肯定”
否定形式 ：can’t 不可能 3) 主张 “偏要、非得要、一定要”
条件句、疑问句中
7.表请求、允许、允诺
注意：人称与情态动词之间的呼应。
表委婉的could / would / might，回答中恢复原形: can, will, may.
T. or F.
You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. F
Your pale face suggests that you are ill. T
I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. F
I insisted that you were wrong. T
典型句型
1. would rather sb. did sth. (表对现在、将来的虚拟) had done sth. (表对过去的虚拟)
I would rather you _h_ad_n_’t__to_ld__(not tell) me the truth. I won’t have a good sleep tonight.
wish 型（1）
wish
现在: did（were）
as if /as though 过去: had done
if only
未来: would/could/might +V.(原)
+从句
if only 虚拟用法同wish:
1. If only I _w_e_r_e___(be) rich.
2. If only I _ha_d__t_a_ke_n_(take) the doctor's advice then.
(3).含蓄虚拟句：有时if引导的虚拟条件从句，可用介词 without 或but for 引导的短语来代替。
1.If there were no water, fish could not live. Without water, fish could not live.
2. If you had not helped me, I would have failed. Without /but for your help, I would have failed.