2023年高二暑假话题阅读专练(词汇积累)：热点话题(含答案)

2023年高二暑假话题阅读专练（词汇积累）：
热点话题（含答案）
2023年高二暑假话题阅读专练（词汇积累）：热点话题
（共5题）
一、阅读理解题（共5题）
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Kevin Martin just relaunched the formal review of media ownership rules. The agency's "Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking," issued July 25, is vague, but its intention is clear: to let a few giant media corporations swallow up more local television channels, radio stations and newspapers in a single market. Martin's main target is the ban on "newspaper-broadcast cross-ownership" that prohibits one company from owning the major daily newspaper as well as radio and TV stations in the same area. He'd also like to allow one company to own more than one TV station in smaller markets and more than two in the largest cities.
A few powerful firms in major cities have won waivers (弃权) to the ban, or at least delays on enforcement, but those are the exceptions.
That Déjà vu you're feeling is because the FCC tried to push through the same rule changes in 2023 under then-Chairman Michael Powell. In response, millions of people—encouraged by groups such as the National Rifle Assn, and the National Organization for
Women—contacted the FCC and Congress to voice their opposition. The FCC approved the rule changes anyway, only to see them nearly overturned by Congress and then rejected by the courts. Despite the overwhelming public opposition, Martin's latest attempt to eliminate cross-ownership rules is driven by the massive lobbying (游说) of a cartel (企业联盟) of second-tier big media companies specializing in newspaper and broadcast station ownership, such as Gannett, Media General and Tribune. Their motive is bigger profits.
But what's good for Big Media's bottom line isn't always good for the rest of us. The first victim of "media company towns" would be journalism. When one firm owns most of a city's news outlets, who needs a bunch of competing newsrooms Investigative reporting and extensive local coverage requires a costly staff. It's far cheaper to syndicate (出售给多个媒体) fare from headquarters than to support a diversity of local voices. If your readers and viewers don't like it, where else are they going to go
Once the big chains start selling and exchanging their properties to build up larger fiefdoms (地盘), the already declining number of independent and minority owners will be further squeezed out. Today, just one in five daily newspapers is owned by individuals or companies that don't own any other newspapers. According to the most recent FCC data, fewer than 4% of radio stations and 2% of TV stations are owned by minorities.
Industry and Wall Street publicity says local media can't compete without further consolidation (整合). Yet media companies already enjoy higher profit margins than most industries. They say we must deregulate (解除控制). But radio and TV station ownership is by definition regulated—these are the public airwaves and there are only so many channels available in a community. The only question is on whose behalf will Washington make the rules: major media companies or the public (1) The rule on "newspaper-broadcast cross-ownership" intends to _____.
A．prevent companies from owning both television and radio stations B．limit a company from owning more than one television station C．replace giant media corporations with media company towns D．protect local voices, vigorous competition and diverse viewpoints (2) Which of the following will probably happen if the FCC's rule changes are approved
A．The government will completely dominate public speech.
B．The public will voice their strong opposition to Congress.
C．The number of radios and TV stations will decline sharply.
D．The local media competition will be almost eliminated.
(3) The underlined word "Déjà vu" in Paragraph 2 probably means a feeling that _____.
A．a new situation has occurred before
B．a familiar situation becomes unfamiliar
C．the situation has run out of control
D．the situation is better than expected
(4) Which of the following is true according to the text
A．The former chairman of the FCC ignored public opinion with a risk. B．A company is forbidden to own more than one newspaper.
C．The local news outlets are controlled by independent companies. D．Media industry used to be an unprofitable industry.
(5) Which of the following might be the best title of the passage A．Can We Hear More Local Voices
B．Do We Really Want Big Media to Get Even Bigger
C．How Will FCC's Action Affect Consumers
D．How Will Washington Make Media Ownership Rules
A 69-year-old grandmother with no teeth of her own has eventually won a long legal battle to stop a Scottish regional council adding fluoride chemical to the public water supplly.
In a case which has already cost the taxpayer 1,000,000, the judge ruled that it was beyond the powers of the local authority to add the chemical to the water in order to reduce tooth decay.
At her home last night Mrs Catherine McColl said, "I did what I thought was right and I would do it again, too." She claimed that adding fluoride to public drinking water made it into some kind of dirty soup. "Where
would it stop " she asked. "They might come up with the idea of putting drugs into the water to keep the unemployed quiet." It was a horrible poison, she said, that could have caused all kinds of diseases, including cancer.
The judge, however, concluded that there was no evidence to suggest that the inclusion of fluoride in the water supply would have had a negative effect on public health. Although the chemical might serve as an efficient and convenient means of achieving a beneficial effect on the dental health of consumers generally, he said, and its use was greatly favored by the dental profession, he could also understand why some members of the public, Mrs McColl in particular, might be passionately opposed to the action of the Water Authority in assuming the right to improve public well-being without consulting the public in the first case. The Authority's legal duty to provide "wholesome" water for public consumption which was both safe and pleasant to drink, did not, he said, extend to their right to safeguard public health by chemical means. (1) Mrs McColl felt so strongly about the fluoride issue that she eventually _____.
A．took the local council to court
B．had a physical fight with the judge
C．urged the authority to apologize
D．spent much money removing the chemical
(2) According to what the judge said in the passage, adding fluoride to the water _____.
A．was not proved to be harmful
B．was the duty of the local authority
C．was strongly opposed by dentists
D．was surely beneficial to the public
(3) The word "wholesome" in the last paragraph can be best replaced by the word "_____".
A．clear B．poisonless C．healthy D．recycled
(4) From the passage we learn that people like Mrs McColl are more concerned about _____.
A．the improvement of their personal health
B．the problem of unemployment in their community
C．the chemicals to be used for the improvement of water quality D．their right to be informed of the authorities' decisions
I looked at my beautiful Christmas tree and sighed. It was time. The New Year was a week old and my tree still stood in the corner of our room with its collection of memories proudly displayed in a shower of colorful lights. I'd procrastinated long enough.
I got up, went to the garage and dragged all the boxes into the room. The garland (花环) was the first to take down. The branches looked naked (光秃的) already. I took the large decorations off next. They made a large
pile on our bed. An hour later, our bed was covered with Christmas memories. Each pile contained an ornament along with its matching brothers and sisters from sets bought many years ago.
I prepared the boxes and carefully placed ornaments in their protective packaging, pausing every few minutes to admire a favorite. "Hey, little Santa!" I held the Santa from my childhood. "Thanks for being my friend for almost 50 years." He was a little ragged (衣着破烂的) but still gave me a flood of wonderful memories." Until next year, my dear friend." There was a collection of handmade ones. My children made in their first years of school, more than 20 years ago. Made by tiny hands, they are far from perfect in design, but every year they go on my memory tree—memories of young giggles (咯咯笑) on Christmas morning and a smiling face when they handed them to me when I came home from work. "Look what we made, Daddy!"
"Oh! It is beautiful. Let's find a special spot on the tree for it." Every year since, they are displayed.
A few hours after I started, the filled boxes were back in the garage and the room was vacuumed (用真空吸尘器清扫) and I sat staring at a barren (空荡荡的) corner. The room seemed so empty. It took me two days of work to assemble (收集) and decorate my tree, but only a few hours to take it apart.
My tree is like a good marriage or a great friendship. Like the tree, they
take a long time to assemble and decorate with memories, but can be torn down quickly.
Every year I have to put my tree away, but not my marriage or friendships. I take great care of those. They get to glow in the corner of my life for as long as I live. I get to analyze my tree and find memories for a few weeks every year. I can do the same with the loves in my life every day. Take great care of your friendships and your marriage. Once they come down, they aren't as easy to put back together as a Christmas tree. Stand them in that special spot in the corner of your heart and admire their glow.
(1) In the author's eyes, the Christmas tree _____.
A．is a collection of childhood memories
B．is a symbol of long-lasting relations
C．takes too much time to decorate
D．is full of out-of-date ornaments
(2) The underlined word "procrastinated" in Paragraph 1 probably means _____.
A．reflected B．celebrated C．decorated D．delayed
(3) To the author, a Christmas tree is similar to a good marriage in that _____.
A．both take time to build but fall apart easily
B．both remind him of bittersweet (苦乐参半) memories
C．both need to be admired for some time
D．both get less attractive over the years
(4) What is the main theme of the article
A．We'd better put away Christmas decorations and recycle them each year.
B．Friendships and the marriage should be valued and managed carefully. C．Memories with friends and family should be cherished and relived. D．We should decorate Christmas trees with personal stuff and recycle. Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies (补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies "dumped" their products in the United States at "less than fair value." Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief (救济).
Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs
of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company's products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.
Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations (控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate (联合企业) with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The "United States" company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the "Canadian" companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.
(1) The passage is chiefly concerned with _____.
A．arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations B．warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has
unintended consequences
C．recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices
D．advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports
(2) What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC _____.
A．A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value
B．A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US
C．The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products
D．The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US
(3) What is the function of the last paragraph
A．It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.
B．It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier. C．It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph. D．It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier. (4) Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws
A．They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US. B．Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.
C．They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.
D．Those helping one unit within a parent company won't necessarily help other units.
Once considered an optional lifestyle choice, recycling has become a commonplace activity in most areas. One type of recycling, called downcycling, involves re-purposing a material into a new product of lesser quality.
Downcycling is also known as downstream recycling. It is most common in terms of industrial materials. These products lose their value as they are recycled, which limits their capacity for new use. White writing paper, for example, is often downcycled into cardboard; once downcycled to this new form, it can no longer be used as white paper again. Another example of downcycling includes the use of plastic components.
Giving products a new life is considered a good way to reuse materials and avoid waste. Once downcycled to their full capacity, however, these materials are eventually so degraded that they cannot be reused further. Since downcycled products are considered of lower quality than their
original form, they cannot be used in remaking their original product. Plastic, glass, and aluminium products coded with the number one may be remade into something of equal or greater value. This type of recycling is known as upcycling, and represents the forward compatibility of recycled components. Materials available for downcycling, such as water, juice, and milk bottles, are coded with the number two.
Items available for downcycling often require additional chemicals, energy, and other treatments in order to transform them into something usable. Durable plastic products in particular require much additional treatment. Trash bins, tables, and chairs are also considered materials with a high energy cost to recycle.
When a product reaches a code seven, it is considered no longer recyclable. Since these products can no longer be made into new ones, they will either have to be reused or discarded, typically in a landfill.
(1)
A．These recycled materials may often be put into new use.
B．It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials.
C．Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one.
D．They may not be used to contain food-grade items again upon being
downcycled.
E．Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and whether or not they may be recycled.
F．A code will determine the type of the recycled materials and give an idea of how many times they can be recycled.
G．This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types of plastic with various recycling codes.
(2)
A．These recycled materials may often be put into new use.
B．It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials.
C．Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one.
D．They may not be used to contain food-grade items again upon being downcycled.
E．Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and whether or not they may be recycled.
F．A code will determine the type of the recycled materials and give an idea of how many times they can be recycled.
G．This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types of plastic with various recycling codes.
(3)
A．These recycled materials may often be put into new use.
B．It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials.
C．Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one.
D．They may not be used to contain food-grade items again upon being downcycled.
E．Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and whether or not they may be recycled.
F．A code will determine the type of the recycled materials and give an idea of how many times they can be recycled.
G．This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types of plastic with various recycling codes.
(4)
A．These recycled materials may often be put into new use.
B．It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials.
C．Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one.
D．They may not be used to contain food-grade items again upon being downcycled.
E．Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and
whether or not they may be recycled.
F．A code will determine the type of the recycled materials and give an idea of how many times they can be recycled.
G．This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types of plastic with various recycling codes.
(5)
A．These recycled materials may often be put into new use.
B．It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials.
C．Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one.
D．They may not be used to contain food-grade items again upon being downcycled.
E．Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and whether or not they may be recycled.
F．A code will determine the type of the recycled materials and give an idea of how many times they can be recycled.
G．This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types of plastic with various recycling codes.答案
一、阅读理解题（共5题）
1. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) D
(3) A
(4) A
(5) B
2. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) A
(3) C
(4) D
3. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) D
(3) A
(4) B
【解析】
(1) 通过自己拆卸圣诞树的事情告诉我们，友谊或者婚姻这些人与人之间的关系很难建立，但是却很容易就被破坏了。

我们应该珍惜。

推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段中的“I get to analyze my tree and find memories for a few weeks every year. I can do the same with the loves in my life every day. Take great care of your friendships and your marriage.”可知在的眼里圣诞树是长久的友谊或者婚姻等关系的标志。

(2) 词义猜测题。

根据文章第一段中的“The New Year was a week old and my tree still stood in the corner of our room with its collection of memories proudly displayed in a shower of colorful lights.”可知，新年已经过去一周了，“我”的圣诞树还没有被拆走。

“我”已经拖延得够久了。

(3) 推理判断题。

根据文章倒数第二段“My tree is like a good marriage or a great friendship. Like the tree, they take along time to assemble and decorate with memories, but can be torn down quickly.”可知把圣诞树比喻成婚姻，因为它们的建立都要花费很多的时间，但是拆除却很快。

(4) 主旨大意题。

通过自己拆卸圣诞树的事情告诉我们，友谊或者婚姻这些人与人之间的关系很难建立,，但是却很容易就被破坏了。

我们应该珍惜。

4. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) D
(3) C
(4) D
5. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) E
(4) D
(5) G。