标准化成本英文共30页文档
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• Cannot compare std. product cost with actual product cost
as each product may involve combination of different operations
so which manager is responsible for variance and how can control be achieved effectively?
Once variances are allocated to responsibility centres, managers analyse according to Price & Quantity
Investigation is done as to why variance occurred so that corrective actions can be taken
Standard Costing & Variance Analysis
• Financial control systems operated in std. cost centres
std. costing system (Variance analysis)
enables any deviations from budgets to be analysed in detail
able to measure output & input required to produce each unit of output, and hence control cost more effectively especially for manufacturing activities
1)Standard Costing System
• Std. Costing System suitable for manufacturing organisations - because activities are repetitive & series of common operations - because output can be measured with input being specified to produce p/unit output - applied to organisations that produce large product range with few number of operations
hence, variances are allocated to responsibility centres (operations) and so managers are responsible for variances in own responsibility centres.
Effective control
i.e. financial and non-financial controls
this chapter: examines detailed financial controls
std.cost & revenue centres (this chp.)
profit & investment centres (chp 5 & 6)
Std.Hours Produced x Hourly O/H Rate
std.hours produced = actual output (units) x std.hour / time p/unit produced
标准化成本英文
幽默来自智慧，恶语来自无能
Chapter 6: Standard costing and variance analysis
Costing & Variance Analysis
• Management Accounting Control System
broad approach to control systems
Standard Costing System
An overview of a standard costing system
Standard Costing System
• In establishing variances, comparison is made between total std. cost & total actual cost per operation cost
2) Std. Cost
Direct Material Std.
Std. Qty (of input) x Std. Price (of input)
Direct Labour Std.
Std.Time / Hours x Std. Wage Rate
Man.O/H Std.
Flexible O/H
• Std. cost: predetermined costs on per unit basis • Budgeted cost: predetermined cost on entire activity
E.g..: Budgeted outputs = 10,000 units Std. cost is £3 p/unit Hence, budgeted cost is = £3 x 10,000 units = £30,000
Eg.: Maybe excessive usage of DM, and if so why?
Standard Costing System: Example
Operation of a standard costing system
Comparison is made between total std cost & total actual cost to establish variances according to operations / responsibility centres
as each product may involve combination of different operations
so which manager is responsible for variance and how can control be achieved effectively?
Once variances are allocated to responsibility centres, managers analyse according to Price & Quantity
Investigation is done as to why variance occurred so that corrective actions can be taken
Standard Costing & Variance Analysis
• Financial control systems operated in std. cost centres
std. costing system (Variance analysis)
enables any deviations from budgets to be analysed in detail
able to measure output & input required to produce each unit of output, and hence control cost more effectively especially for manufacturing activities
1)Standard Costing System
• Std. Costing System suitable for manufacturing organisations - because activities are repetitive & series of common operations - because output can be measured with input being specified to produce p/unit output - applied to organisations that produce large product range with few number of operations
hence, variances are allocated to responsibility centres (operations) and so managers are responsible for variances in own responsibility centres.
Effective control
i.e. financial and non-financial controls
this chapter: examines detailed financial controls
std.cost & revenue centres (this chp.)
profit & investment centres (chp 5 & 6)
Std.Hours Produced x Hourly O/H Rate
std.hours produced = actual output (units) x std.hour / time p/unit produced
标准化成本英文
幽默来自智慧，恶语来自无能
Chapter 6: Standard costing and variance analysis
Costing & Variance Analysis
• Management Accounting Control System
broad approach to control systems
Standard Costing System
An overview of a standard costing system
Standard Costing System
• In establishing variances, comparison is made between total std. cost & total actual cost per operation cost
2) Std. Cost
Direct Material Std.
Std. Qty (of input) x Std. Price (of input)
Direct Labour Std.
Std.Time / Hours x Std. Wage Rate
Man.O/H Std.
Flexible O/H
• Std. cost: predetermined costs on per unit basis • Budgeted cost: predetermined cost on entire activity
E.g..: Budgeted outputs = 10,000 units Std. cost is £3 p/unit Hence, budgeted cost is = £3 x 10,000 units = £30,000
Eg.: Maybe excessive usage of DM, and if so why?
Standard Costing System: Example
Operation of a standard costing system
Comparison is made between total std cost & total actual cost to establish variances according to operations / responsibility centres