动名词的用法及练习题

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动名词(Gerund)

动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词+ ing 构成,否定形式为not doing,

兼有动词的特征和名词的功能。

二、动名词相当于名词,在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和定语

1、作主语

动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如:

Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。

Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.

乘火车到杭州要16 个小时。

Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。

注意:动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词短语,一般采用"It is …" 和"There is …"两种句式来表示。例如:

It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.我从办公室回家要花十分钟。

It needs time to make three copies of it.把它复制三份需要时间。

It's nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。

It's no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。

It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。

There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。

There is no denying that she is very efficient. 她效率高是不容否认的。

2 、作定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍,一般只限于单个的动名词作定语,表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。例如:swimming pool 游泳池

walking stick 手杖opening

speech 开幕词waiting room 候车室reading material 阅读材料floating needle 浮针listening aid 助听器working people 劳动人民

3 、作表语动名词作表语的时候,特别要注意:不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语,表达的是“某件事”等。例如:

His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. (动名词)他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。

Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.(动名词)读书当然是学习,然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。

注意:动名词作表语,容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。记住:动名词表语

表达的是“某件事”(与不定式短语的意义相近),而现在分词表语表示“具有某个作用”。例如:

The situation is very much encouraging. (现在分词)形势非常令人鼓舞。

His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. (现在分词)他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。

Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year. (不定式)他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。

His wish is to become a pilot. (不定式)他的愿望是当飞行员。

4、作宾语。动名词既可以作动词的宾语,也可以作介词的宾语。例如:

He is fond of playing football.

I like swimming.

①在下列动词或词组后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式:admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny, dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feel like,finish,forgive,give up,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist,risk,suggest,can't help(情不自禁)等。

②下列动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try 。例如:

Let's go on studying Lesson 6.

(让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。)

Let's go on to study Lesson 6.

(让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。)

I remember doing the exercise. (我记得做过练习。)

I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事。)

I tried not to go there. (我设法不去那里。)

I tried doing it again. (我试着又干了一次。)

Stop speaking. (不要讲话。)

He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话。)

I mean to come early today. (我打算今天早些来。)

Missing the train means waiting for another hour.

(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。)

③在allow,advise,forbid,permit 等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:We don't allow smoking here.

We don't allow students to smoke.

④动词need,require,want 作“需要”解,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做,这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如:

The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.

Her method is worth trying.

⑤在短语devote to,look forward to,stick to,to be used to,object to,

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