资本业务英文简称
会计科目英文对照
中国会计制度科目英文对照应收票据Notes receivable应收股利Dividend receivable应收利息Interest receivable应收帐款Accounts receivable其他应收款Other receivables预付帐款Accounts prepaid期货保证金Future guarantee应收补贴款Allowance receivable应收出口退税Export drawback receivable产成品(库存商品) Finished goods待摊费用Prepaid and deferred expenses待处理流动资产净损失Unsettled G/L on current assets一年内到期的长期债权投资Long-term debenture investment falling due in a year长期投资：Long-term investment：其中:长期股权投资Including: Long term equity investment长期债权投资Long term securities investment*合并价差Incorporating price difference长期投资合计Total long-term investment固定资产原价Fixed assets-cost 固定资产净值Fixed assets-net value减：固定资产减值准备Less: Impairment of fixed assets固定资产净额Net value of fixed assets固定资产清理Disposal of fixed assets工程物资Project material 在建工程Construction in Progress待处理固定资产净损失Unsettled G/L on fixed assets其中:土地使用权Including: Land use rights递延资产（长期待摊费用）Deferred assets其中:固定资产修理Including: Fixed assets repair固定资产改良支出Improvement expenditure of fixed assets其他长期资产Other long term assets其中:特准储备物资Among it: Specially approved reserving materials无形及其他资产合计Total intangible assets and other assets递延税款借项Deferred assets debits应付票款Notes payable 应付帐款Accounts payab1e预收帐款Advances from customers应付工资Accrued payro1l应付福利费Welfare payable应付利润(股利) Profits payab1e应交税金Taxes payable其他应交款Other payable to government其他应付款Other creditors 预提费用Provision for expenses预计负债Accrued liabilities一年内到期的长期负债Long term liabilities due within one year其他流动负债Other current liabilities长期借款Long-term loans payable应付债券Bonds payable长期应付款long-term accounts payable专项应付款Special accounts payable其中:特准储备资金Including: Special reserve fund长期负债合计Total long term liabilities递延税款贷项Deferred taxation credit* 少数股东权益Minority interests实收资本(股本) Subscribed Capital国家资本National capital集体资本Collective capital法人资本Legal person's capital其中:国有法人资本Including: State-owned legal person's capital集体法人资本Collective legal person's capital个人资本Personal capital外商资本Foreign businessmen's capital资本公积Capital surplus盈余公积surplus reserve其中:法定盈余公积Including: statutory surplus reserve公益金public welfare fund补充流动资本Supplementary current capital* 未确认的投资损失（以“-”号填列）Unaffirmed investment loss未分配利润Retained earnings外币报表折算差额Converted difference in Foreign Currency Statements所有者权益合计Total shareholder's equity负债及所有者权益总计Total Liabilities & Equity现金Cash in hand 银行存款Cash in bank其他货币资金-外埠存款Other monetary assets - cash in other cities其他货币资金-银行本票Other monetary assets - cashier‘s check其他货币资金-银行汇票Other monetary assets - bank draft其他货币资金-信用卡Other monetary assets - credit cards其他货币资金-信用证保证金Other monetary assets - L/C deposit其他货币资金-存出投资款Other monetary assets - cash for investment短期投资-股票投资Investments - Short term - stocks短期投资-债券投资Investments - Short term - bonds短期投资-基金投资Investments - Short term - funds短期投资-其他投资Investments - Short term - others短期投资跌价准备Provision for short-term investment长期股权投资-股票投资Long term equity investment - stocks长期股权投资-其他股权投资Long term equity investment - others长期债券投资-债券投资Long term securities investment - bonds长期债券投资-其他债权投资Long term securities investment - others长期投资减值准备Provision for long-term investment应收票据Notes receivable 应收股利Dividends receivable 应收利息Interest receivable 应收帐款Trade debtors 坏帐准备- 应收帐款Provision for doubtful debts - trade debtors 预付帐款Prepayment 应收补贴款Allowance receivable 其他应收款Other debtors坏帐准备- 其他应收款Provision for doubtful debts - other debtors其他流动资产Other current assets物资采购Purchase 原材料Raw materials 包装物Packing materials低值易耗品Low value consumables 材料成本差异Material cost difference自制半成品Self-manufactured goods 库存商品Finished goods商品进销差价Difference between purchase & sales of commodities委托加工物资Consigned processing material委托代销商品Consignment-out 受托代销商品Consignment-in分期收款发出商品Goods on installment sales存货跌价准备Provision for obsolete stocks待摊费用Prepaid expenses待处理流动资产损益Unsettled G/L on current assets待处理固定资产损益Unsettled G/L on fixed assets委托贷款-本金Consignment loan - principle委托贷款-利息Consignment loan - interest委托贷款-减值准备Consignment loan - provision固定资产-房屋建筑物Fixed assets - Buildings固定资产-机器设备Fixed assets - Plant and machinery固定资产-电子设备、器具及家具Fixed assets - Electronic Equipment, furniture and fixtures固定资产-运输设备Fixed assets - Automobiles累计折旧Accumulated depreciation 固定资产减值准备Impairment of fixed assets工程物资-专用材料Project material - specific materials工程物资-专用设备Project material - specific equipment工程物资-预付大型设备款Project material - prepaid for equipment工程物资-为生产准备的工具及器具Project material - tools and facilities for production在建工程Construction in progress 在建工程减值准备Impairment of construction in progress 固定资产清理Disposal of fixed assets无形资产-专利权Intangible assets - patent无形资产-非专利技术Intangible assets - industrial property and know-how无形资产-商标权Intangible assets - trademark rights无形资产-土地使用权Intangible assets - land use rights无形资产-商誉Intangible assets - goodwill 无形资产减值准备Impairment of intangible assets 长期待摊费用Deferred assets 未确认融资费用Unrecognized finance fees其他长期资产Other long term assets 递延税款借项Deferred assets debits应付票据Notes payable 应付帐款Trade creditors 预收帐款Advances from customers代销商品款Consignment-in payables 其他应交款Other payable to government其他应付款Other creditors 应付股利Proposed dividends待转资产价值Donated assets 预计负债Accrued liabilities应付短期债券Short-term debentures payable预提费用Accrued expenses 应付工资Payroll payable 应付福利费Welfare payable短期借款-抵押借款Bank loans - Short term - pledged短期借款-信用借款Bank loans - Short term - credit短期借款-担保借款Bank loans - Short term - guaranteed一年内到期长期借款Long term loans due within one year一年内到期长期应付款Long term payable due within one year长期借款Bank loans - Long term应付债券-债券面值Bond payable - Par value应付债券-债券溢价Bond payable - Excess应付债券-债券折价Bond payable - Discount应付债券-应计利息Bond payable - Accrued interest长期应付款Long term payable专项应付款Specific payable其他长期负债Other long term liabilities应交税金-所得税Tax payable - income tax应交税金-增值税Tax payable - VAT应交税金-营业税Tax payable - business tax应交税金-消费税Tax payable - consumable tax应交税金-其他Tax payable - others递延税款贷项Deferred taxation credit股本Share capital 已归还投资Investment returned利润分配-其他转入Profit appropriation - other transfer in利润分配-提取法定盈余公积Profit appropriation - statutory surplus reserve利润分配-提取法定公益金Profit appropriation - statutory welfare reserve利润分配-提取储备基金Profit appropriation - reserve fund利润分配-提取企业发展基金Profit appropriation - enterprise development fund利润分配-提取职工奖励及福利基金Profit appropriation - staff bonus and welfare fund利润分配-利润归还投资Profit appropriation - return investment by profit利润分配-应付优先股股利Profit appropriation - preference shares dividends利润分配-提取任意盈余公积Profit appropriation - other surplus reserve利润分配-应付普通股股利Profit appropriation - ordinary shares dividends利润分配-转作股本的普通股股利Profit appropriation-ordinary shares dividends converted to shares 期初未分配利润Retained earnings, beginning of the year资本公积-股本溢价Capital surplus - share premium资本公积-接受捐赠非现金资产准备Capital surplus - donation reserve资本公积-接受现金捐赠Capital surplus - cash donation资本公积-股权投资准备Capital surplus - investment reserve资本公积-拨款转入Capital surplus - subsidiary资本公积-外币资本折算差额Capital surplus - foreign currency translation资本公积-其他Capital surplus - others盈余公积-法定盈余公积金Surplus reserve - statutory surplus reserve盈余公积-任意盈余公积金Surplus reserve - other surplus reserve盈余公积-法定公益金Surplus reserve - statutory welfare reserve盈余公积-储备基金Surplus reserve - reserve fund盈余公积-企业发展基金Surplus reserve - enterprise development fund盈余公积-利润归还投资Surplus reserve - returned investment by investment主营业务收入Sales 主营业务成本Cost of sales 主营业务税金及附加Sales tax营业费用Operating expenses 管理费用General and administrative expenses财务费用Financial expenses 投资收益Investment income其他业务收入Other operating income营业外收入Non-operating income 补贴收入Subsidy income其他业务支出Other operating expenses 营业外支出Non-operating expenses所得税Income tax无形资产减值准备(本地) Provision-impairment loss-intangi. Asset(LOCAL)经营活动长期待摊费用Long term operating deferred expenses短期借款-财务公司Short-term loan - SAIC Finance无发票物料应付款项Payable for material without invoice应付帐款-寄售Consignment payables应付账款-国内Accounts payable-domestic应付账款-国外Accounts payable-foreign应付账款-关联公司Accounts payable associated companies预收账款Downpayment received应付工资-上年结转Salary payable to employee-prior year应付工资-应计Accrual salary expenses应付福利费-应计Accrued welfare expenses应交增值税-进项税额Input VAT应交增值税-已交税金VAT paid应交增值税-转出未交增值税Transfer-out of unpaid VAT应交增值税-减免税款VAT deductions and exemptions应交增值税-销项税额Output VAT应交增值税-出口退税Refund of export VAT应交增值税-进项税额转出Transfer-out of input VAT应交增值税-出口抵减内销产品应纳税Export duty deductible-domestic sales 应交增值税-转出多交增值税Transfer-out of overpaid VAT应交增值税-未交增值税Unpaid VAT预付帐款-存货downpayment made for inventories在途物资Goods in transit原材料-铝Raw Material - Aluminium原材料-其他BOM外辅料Auxiliary materials not in BOM包装材料-已列入物料清单Packaging Material in BOM包装材料-未列入物料清单Packaging Material not in BOM低值易耗品-消耗品LVA-expendable items半成品Semi-finished goods在制品(生产定单) Work in process(production orders)产成品Finished goods外购商品Trading goods存货跌价准备-材料Provision-value decline of material存货跌价准备-半成品Provision-value decline of semi-finished存货跌价准备-产成品Provision-value decline of finished good发出商品Goods sent out待摊费用Deferred expenses机械及设备租赁(IFRS) Machinery and equipment lease (IFRS)机械及设备(IFRS) Machinery and equipment (IFRS)应交消费税excise tax payable应交所得税income tax payable应交车船使用税vehicle tax payable应交个人所得税(代扣代缴) Individual Income tax payable应交关税Custom Duty payable其他应交款-河道管理费riverway management charges其他应付款项-公积金，养老金other payables-housing fund其他应付款项-教育基金other payables-training funds其他应付款项-医疗保险other payables-medical insurance其他应付款项-失业保险other payables-unemployment insurance其他应付款项-工会经费other payables-trade union其他应付款项-其他(员工) other liabilities to employees其他投资活动应付款other payable for investing activities预提费用-利息费用Accrued interest expense预提费用-维修费Accrual-maintenance预提费用-技术开发费Accrual-royalties and developing expense预提费用-租赁费Accrual-leasing expense预提费用-产品质保三包费用Accrual-warranty expense__________________一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loan due within one year应付融资租赁款项(IFRS) Payable for capital leasing(IFRS)应付融资租赁款项(本地) Payable for capital leasing(Local)股本capital stock资本公积-其他资本公积other capital reserve盈余公积-法定公积legal surplusreserve盈余公积-任意公积discretionary surplusreserve盈余公积-法定公益金statutory public welfare fund留存收益retained earning利润分配-其他转入profit allocation-transfered from others利润分配-提取法定盈余公积profit allocation-legal surplus reserves利润分配-提取法定公益金profit allocation-statutory welfare fund利润分配-提取职工奖励及福利基金profit allocation-emplyee welfare fund 利润分配-提取任意盈余公积profit allocation-discretionary surplus reserve 利润分配-应付普通股股利profit allocation-dividend payable利润分配-转作资本profit allocation-transfer into capital本年利润undistributed profit损益类：原材料消耗-其他组件Raw material consumption-Other component列入物料清单内包装材料消耗Consumption packaging material in BOM 半成品消耗Consumption semi-finished goods物料差异Material variance采购价格差异Purchasing price variance物料用量差异Material usage variance报废原材料-其他组件Scrap Raw Material Other Components报废已列入物料清单包装材料Scrapping Packaging Material in BOM报废半成品Scrapping semi-finished goods完工结转(生产订单) Manufacturing output半成品库存变动(委外结转) Inventory change unfinished good(w/o CE)生产产出差异manufacturing output variance外部加工费(委外) External processing cost(without time)外协加工工序Extended work bench能源-电费energy-electricity能源-天然气费energy-natural gas能源-水费energy-water能源-汽油及其他油类energy-gasoline and oil直接人工-岗位工资Direct labor post salary直接人工-绩效工资及奖金Direct labor-Bonus wages直接人工-加班费Direct labor-Overtime premiums直接人工-社保费用及法定津贴Direct labor-Statutory social expense预提直接人工费用Accrual expenses - wages直接人工福利费-伙食费用及补贴wages welfare - expensesfor food直接人工福利费-托费wages welfare - subsidy for kindergarten直接人工福利费-子女及家庭补贴wages welfare - subsidy for bady,family 直接人工福利费-职工疗养费wages welfare - employee recuperate直接人工福利费-医务人员工资wages welfare-salary infirmary employee 直接人工福利费-医药费用及补贴wages welfare - medical expenses直接人工福利费-其他wages welfare - others直接人工福利费-补充养老金wages welfare - additional pension预提直接人工福利费Accrual expenses - wages welfare管理人员--加班费Salary-overtime premiums管理人员--绩效工资及奖金Salary-bonus salary管理人员-岗位工资Salary-post salary管理人员--社保费用及法定津贴Salary-Social security payments预提管理人员工资Accrual expense- salary管理人员福利费-伙食费用及补贴salary welfare-expenses for food管理人员福利费-托费salary welfare-subsidy for kindergarten管理人员福利费-子女及家庭补贴salary welfare-subsidy for family管理人员福利费-职工疗养费salary welfare-employee recuperate管理人员福利费-医务人员工资salary welfare-salaryinfirmary employees 管理人员福利费-医药费用及补贴salary welfare-medical expenses管理人员福利费-其他salary welfare-others管理人员福利费-补充养老金additional pension预提管理人员福利费Accrual expense- salary welfare外方人员工资Expatriate salary交通补贴Transportation allowance班车费Company bus expenses工会费Trade union expense培训费Training expense生产类劳务费personal leasing expenses production失业保险费unemployment insurance expense公积金housing fund劳动保护费labor protection expense培训费training expense医疗保险费medical insurance养老金Pension费用工报酬back staff expenses折旧(IFRS) Depreciation on tangible assets(IFRS)__________________无形资产摊销(本地) Depreciation on intangible assets(local)机器及设备维修费Machinery and equipment maintenance运输费(进货) -国内Incoming freight-domestic运输费(进货) -国外Incoming freight- foreign运输费(内部) Interplant freight运费(出货)-国内Outgoing freights domestic运费(出货)-国外outgoing freight - foreign保险Insurance土地租赁费leasing(land)仓库及房屋租赁费leasing storage & building办公设备租赁费leasing office equipment机械及设备租赁费leasing machinery and equipment消耗-未列入物料清单包装材料Consumption Package Material not in BOM 消耗-易耗品Consumption Expendable Items消耗-备件Comsumption Spare parts消耗-未列入物料清单辅料Consumption aux.material not in BOM其他低值易耗品spare part and small tools润滑剂消耗Lubricant报废-未列入物料清单包装材料Scrap packaing material not in BOM报废-易耗品Scrap expendable items报废-备件Scrap spare parts报废-未列入物料清单辅料Scrap aux.material not in BOM办公用品Office supplies产成品领用(非销售) Consumption finished goods(cost element)差旅费travel expenses交通费traffic and commuting expenses domestic业务招待费business entertainment出国差旅费travel expenses for abroad trip会议费cost external entertainment试验检验费Testing expense其他外部服务费用Other external service咨询费consulting fee佣金commision包装费packaging expenses展览费exhibition expenses广告费advertisement expenses产品质保三包费用-一般费用warranty general产品质保三包费用-预提费用provision for warranty其他费用other expenses企业宣传费corporate publicity expenses厂区维护费building maintenance车船使用税vehicle tax税费(印花税) fees and tax(stamp duty)河道管理费fees for riverway坏帐准备provisions-bad debt存货跌价准备provisions-decline in value of inventory存货盘亏Loss-inventory differences存货盘盈Gain-inventory differences招聘费recruiting cost解聘费termination expense邮递费postage expense通讯费telecommunication expenses汇兑损失Loss from exchange rate difference汇兑收益Gain from exchange rate difference银行手续费bank commission银行利息支出Interest payments for long term loans银行利息收入-其他Interest income from other funds银行利息收入-短期Interest Income short term funds营业外支出-固定资产处置(IFRS) Loss-disposal/sale of fixed asset(IFRS)营业外支出-固定资产处置(本地) Loss-disposal/sale of fixed asset(local)营业外支出-固定资产报废盘亏损失(IFRS) Loss resulting from scraped asset(IFRS) 营业外支出-固定资产报废盘亏损失(本地) Loss resulting from scraped asset(local) 营业外支出-罚款支出penalty expenses营业外支出-捐赠支出Charitable Contributions营业外支出-固定资产减值准备provision-impairment loss on fixed asset非常损失Extraordinary expenses主营业务收入sales revenue其他业务收入-贸易商品销售Trading goods sales其他业务收入-模具收入revenue-reimburse tooling cost其他业务收入- 技术开发收入revenue-reimburse development cost其他业务收入-包装收入packaging revenue其他业务收入-运输收入transport revenue其他业务收入-废品出售scrap revenue其他业务收入-其他other revenue其他业务收入-租赁收入rental revenue__________________营业外收入-固定资产处置(IFRS) Gain-fixed assets disposal/sale(IFRS)营业外收入-固定资产处置(本地) Gain-fixed assets disposal/sale(local)营业外收入-固定资产盘盈及升值(IFRS) Revenue from Write-up (IFRS) 营业外收入-固定资产盘盈及升值(本地) Revenue from Write-up (local) 营业外收入-资产出售Revenue from Asset Sale资产出售收入结转Revenue clearing account Asset Sale营业外收入-其他Other non-operating income主营业务成本-产品成本Cost of goods sold(no cost element)主营业务成本-成本差异variance settlement(no cost element)其他业务支出-贸易商品tranding goods consumption其他业务支出-营业税business tax产成品报废Scrapping finished goods贸易商品报废Trading goods scrap未实现汇兑损失loss-unrealized exchange rate differences未实现汇兑收益Gain from unrealized exchange rate differences所得税income tax其他业务支出Cost for other business__________________Accounting system 会计系统American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Audit 审计Balance sheet 资产负债表Bookkeepking 簿记Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师Cost accounting 成本会计External users 外部使用者Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会Financial forecast 财务预测Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则General-purpose information 通用目的信息Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室Income statement 损益表Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者Management accounting 管理会计Return of investment 投资回报Return on investment 投资报酬Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表Tax accounting 税务会计Accounting equation 会计等式Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本Corporation 公司Cost principle 成本原则Creditor 债权人Deflation 通货紧缩Disclosure 批露Expenses 费用Financial statement 财务报表Financial activities 筹资活动Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设Inflation 通货膨涨Investing activities 投资活动Liabilities 负债Negative cash flow 负现金流量Operating activities 经营活动Owner's equity 所有者权益Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现金流量Retained earning 留存利润Revenue 收入Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能力Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益Window dressing 门面粉饰Account 帐会计与财务词汇a payment or serious payments 一次或多次付款abatement 扣减absolute and unconditional payments 绝对和无条件付款accelerated payment 加速支付acceptance date 接受日acceptance 接受accession 加入accessories 附属设备accountability 承担责任的程度accounting benefits 会计利益accounting period 会计期间accounting policies 会计政策accounting principle 会计准则accounting treatment 会计处理accounts receivables 应收账款accounts 账项accredited investors 经备案的投资人accumulated allowance 累计准备金acknowledgement requirement 对承认的要求acquisition of assets 资产的取得acquisitions 兼并Act on Product Liability （德国）生产责任法action 诉讼actual ownership 事实上的所有权additional filings 补充备案additional margin 附加利差additional risk附加风险additions （设备的）附件adjusted tax basis 已调整税基adjustment of yield 对收益的调整administrative fee管理费Administrative Law（美国）行政法advance notice 事先通知advance 放款adverse tax consequences 不利的税收后果advertising 做广告affiliated group 联合团体affiliate 附属机构African Leasing Association 非洲租赁协会after-tax rate 税后利率aggregate rents 合计租金aggregate risk 合计风险agreement concerning rights of explore natural resources 涉及自然资源开发权的协议agreement 协议alliances 联盟allocation of finance income 财务收益分配allowance for losses on receivables 应收款损失备抵金alternative uses 改换用途地使用amenability to foreign investment 外国投资的易受控制程度amendment 修改amortization of deferred loan fees and related consideration 递延的贷款费和相关的报酬的摊销amortization schedule 摊销进度表amortize 摊销amount of recourse 求偿金额amount of usage 使用量AMT (Alternative Minimum Tax) （美国）可替代最低税analogous to类推为annual budget appropriation 年度预算拨款appendix （契约性文件的）附件applicable law 适用法律applicable securities laws适用的证券法律applicable tax life 适用的应纳税寿命appraisal 评估appraisers 评估人员appreciation 溢价appropriation provisions 拨款条例appropriation 侵占approval authority 核准权approval 核准approximation近似arbitrary and artificially high value (承租人违约出租人收回租赁物时法官判决的)任意的和人为抬高的价值arbitration 仲裁arm's length transaction 公平交易arrangement 安排arrest 扣留Article 2A 美国统一商法典关于法定融资租赁的条款articles of incorporation 公司章程AsiaLeaae 亚洲租赁协会assess 评估asset manager 设备经理asset risk insurance 资产风险保险asset securitization 资产证券化asset specificity 资产特点asset tracking 资产跟踪asset-backed financing 资产支持型融资asset-based lessor 立足于资产的出租人asset-oriented lessor (经营租赁中的)资产导向型出租人asset 资产assignee 受让人assignment 让与association 社团at the expiry 期限届满时ATT (automatic transfer of title) 所有权自动转移attachments 附着物attributes 属性auction sale 拍卖audits 审计authenticate 认证authentication 证实authority 当局authorize 认可availability of fixed rate medium-term financing 固定利率中期融资可得到的程度available-for-sale securities 正供出售证券average life 平均寿命average managed net financed assets 所管理的已筹资金资产净额平均值backed-up servicer 替补服务者balance sheet date 资产负债表日bandwidth 带宽bank affiliates 银行的下属机构bank quote 银行报价bankruptcy cost 破产成本bankruptcy court 破产法院bankruptcy law 破产法bankruptcy proceedings 破产程序bankruptcy 破产bareboat charterer 光船承租人bargain renewal option廉价续租任择权basic earnings per share每股基本收益basic rent基本租金（各期应付的租金）beneficiaries受益人big-ticket items大额项目bill and collect开票和收款binding agreement有约束力的协议blind vendor discount卖主暗扣bluebook蓝皮书（美国二手市场设备价格手册）book income账面收入book loses账面亏损borrower借款人BPO(bargain purchase option)廉价购买任择权bridge facility桥式融通bridge桥梁broker fee经纪人费brokers经纪人build-to-suit leases（租赁物由承租人）承建或承造的租赁协议bulldozer推土机bundled additional services捆绑（在一起的）附加服务bundling捆绑（服务）business acquisition业务收购business and occupation tax营业及开业许可税business generation业务开发business trust商业信托by(e)-laws细则byte字节代码名称1 科目代码会计科目英文一、资产类Assets流动资产Current assets货币资金Cash and cash equivalents1001 现金Cash1002 银行存款Cash in bank1009 其他货币资金Other cash and cash equivalents'100901 外埠存款Other city Cash in bank'100902 银行本票Cashier's cheque'100903 银行汇票Bank draft'100904 信用卡Credit card'100905 信用证保证金L/C Guarantee deposits'100906 存出投资款Refundable deposits1101 短期投资Short-term investments '110101 股票Short-term investments - stock'110102 债券Short-term investments - corporate bonds'110103 基金Short-term investments - corporate funds'110110 其他Short-term investments - other1102 短期投资跌价准备Short-term investments falling price reserves 应收款Account receivable1111 应收票据Note receivable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance1121 应收股利Dividend receivable1122 应收利息Interest receivable1131 应收账款Account receivable1133 其他应收款Other notes receivable1141 坏账准备Bad debt reserves1151 预付账款Advance money1161 应收补贴款Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable库存资产Inventories1201 物资采购Supplies purchasing1211 原材料Raw materials1221 包装物Wrappage1231 低值易耗品Low-value consumption goods1232 材料成本差异Materials cost variance1241 自制半成品Semi-Finished goods1243 库存商品Finished goods1244 商品进销差价Differences between purchasing and selling price1251 委托加工物资Work in process - outsourced1261 委托代销商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis1271 受托代销商品Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis1281 存货跌价准备Inventory falling price reserves1291 分期收款发出商品Collect money and send out the goods by stages1301 待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses长期投资Long-term investment1401 长期股权投资Long-term investment on stocks'140101 股票投资Investment on stocks'140102 其他股权投资Other investment on stocks1402 长期债权投资Long-term investment on bonds'140201 债券投资Investment on bonds'140202 其他债权投资Other investment on bonds1421 长期投资减值准备Long-term investments depreciation reserves股权投资减值准备Stock rights investment depreciation reserves债权投资减值准备Bcreditor's rights investment depreciation reserves1431 委托贷款Entrust loans'143101 本金Principal'143102 利息Interest'143103 减值准备Depreciation reserves1501 固定资产Fixed assets房屋Building建筑物Structure机器设备Machinery equipment运输设备Transportation facilities工具器具Instruments and implement1502 累计折旧Accumulated depreciation1505 固定资产减值准备Fixed assets depreciation reserves房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structure depreciation reserves机器设备减值准备Machinery equipment depreciation reserves1601 工程物资Project goods and material'160101 专用材料Special-purpose material'160102 专用设备Special-purpose equipment'160103 预付大型设备款Prepayments for equipment'160104 为生产准备的工具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate1603 在建工程Construction-in-process安装工程Erection works在安装设备Erecting equipment-in-process技术改造工程Technical innovation project大修理工程General overhaul project1605 在建工程减值准备Construction-in-process depreciation reserves 1701 固定资产清理Liquidation of fixed assets1801 无形资产Intangible assets专利权Patents非专利技术Non-Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names著作权Copyrights土地使用权Tenure商誉Goodwill1805 无形资产减值准备Intangible Assets depreciation reserves专利权减值准备Patent rights depreciation reserves商标权减值准备trademark rights depreciation reserves1815 未确认融资费用Unacknowledged financial charges待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income1901 长期待摊费用Long-term deferred and prepaid expenses1911 待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income'191101待处理流动资产损溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income '191102待处理固定资产损溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or income 二、负债类Liability短期负债Current liability2101 短期借款Short-term borrowing2111 应付票据Notes payable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance2121 应付账款Account payable2131 预收账款Deposit received2141 代销商品款Proxy sale goods revenue2151 应付工资Accrued wages2153 应付福利费Accrued welfarism2161 应付股利Dividends payable2171 应交税金Tax payable'217101 应交增值税value added tax payable'21710101 进项税额Withholdings on V AT'21710102 已交税金Paying tax'21710103 转出未交增值税Unpaid V AT changeover'21710104 减免税款Tax deduction'21710105 销项税额Substituted money on V AT'21710106 出口退税Tax reimbursement for export'21710107 进项税额转出Changeover withnoldings on VAT'21710108 出口抵减内销产品应纳税额Export deduct domestic sales goods tax'21710109 转出多交增值税Overpaid V AT changeover'21710110 未交增值税Unpaid V AT'217102 应交营业税Business tax payable'217103 应交消费税Consumption tax payable'217104 应交资源税Resources tax payable'217105 应交所得税Income tax payable'217106 应交土地增值税Increment tax on land value payable'217107 应交城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities payable'217108 应交房产税Housing property tax payable'217109 应交土地使用税Tenure tax payable'217110 应交车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) payable'217111 应交个人所得税Personal income tax payable2176 其他应交款Other fund in conformity with paying2181 其他应付款Other payables2191 预提费用Drawing expense in advance其他负债Other liabilities2201 待转资产价值Pending changerover assets value2211 预计负债Anticipation liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities2301 长期借款Long-term loans一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loans due within one year一年后到期的长期借款Long-term loans due over one year2311 应付债券Bonds payable'231101 债券面值Face value, Par value'231102 债券溢价Premium on bonds'231103 债券折价Discount on bonds'231104 应计利息Accrued interest2321 长期应付款Long-term account payable应付融资租赁款Accrued financial lease outlay一年内到期的长期应付Long-term account payable due within one year一年后到期的长期应付Long-term account payable over one year2331 专项应付款Special payable一年内到期的专项应付Long-term special payable due within one year一年后到期的专项应付Long-term special payable over one year2341 递延税款Deferral taxes三、所有者权益类OWNERS' EQUITY资本Capita3101 实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock)实收资本Paicl-up capital实收股本Paid-up stock。
会计科目英文缩写
一、企业财务会计报表封面FINANCIAL REPORT COVER报表所属期间之期末时间点Period Ended所属月份Reporting Period报出日期Submit Date记账本位币币种Local Reporting Currency审核人Verifier填表人Preparer记账符号DR:debit record (借记)CR:credit recrod(贷记)二、资产负债表Balance Sheet资产Assets流动资产Current Assets货币资金Bank and Cash短期投资Current Investment一年内到期委托贷款Entrusted loan receivable due within one year减：一年内到期委托贷款减值准备Less: Impairment for Entrusted loan receivable due within one year减：短期投资跌价准备Less: Impairment for current investment短期投资净额Net bal of current investment应收票据Notes receivable应收股利Dividend receivable应收利息Interest receivable应收账款Account receivable减：应收账款坏账准备Less: Bad debt provision for Account receivable 应收账款净额Net bal of Account receivable其他应收款Other receivable减：其他应收款坏账准备Less: Bad debt provision for Other receivable 其他应收款净额Net bal of Other receivable预付账款Prepayment应收补贴款Subsidy receivable存货Inventory减：存货跌价准备Less: Provision for Inventory存货净额Net bal of Inventory已完工尚未结算款Amount due from customer for contract work待摊费用Deferred Expense一年内到期的长期债权投资Long-term debt investment due within one year 一年内到期的应收融资租赁款Finance lease receivables due within one year 其他流动资产Other current assets流动资产合计Total current assets长期投资Long-term investment长期股权投资Long-term equity investment委托贷款Entrusted loan receivable长期债权投资Long-term debt investment长期投资合计Total for long-term investment减：长期股权投资减值准备Less: Impairment for long-term equity investment减：长期债权投资减值准备Less: Impairment for long-term debt investment 减：委托贷款减值准备Less: Provision for entrusted loan receivable 长期投资净额Net bal of long-term investment其中：合并价差Include: Goodwill (Negative goodwill)固定资产Fixed assets固定资产原值Cost减：累计折旧Less: Accumulated Depreciation固定资产净值Net bal减：固定资产减值准备Less: Impairment for fixed assets固定资产净额NBV of fixed assets工程物资Material holds for construction of fixed assets在建工程Construction in progress减：在建工程减值准备Less: Impairment for construction in progress 在建工程净额Net bal of construction in progress固定资产清理Fixed assets to be disposed of固定资产合计Total fixed assets无形资产及其他资产Other assets & Intangible assets无形资产Intangible assets减：无形资产减值准备Less: Impairment for intangible assets无形资产净额Net bal of intangible assets长期待摊费用Long-term deferred expense融资租赁——未担保余值Finance lease –Unguaranteed residual values 融资租赁——应收融资租赁款Finance lease –Receivables其他长期资产Other non-current assets无形及其他长期资产合计Total other assets & intangible assets 递延税项Deferred T ax递延税款借项Deferred T ax assets资产总计Total assets负债及所有者（或股东）权益Liability & Equity流动负债Current liability短期借款Short-term loans应付票据Notes payable应付账款Accounts payable已结算尚未完工款预收账款Advance from customers应付工资Payroll payable应付福利费Welfare payable应付股利Dividend payable应交税金T axes payable其他应交款Other fees payable其他应付款Other payable预提费用Accrued Expense预计负债Provision递延收益Deferred Revenue一年内到期的长期负债Long-term liability due within one year 其他流动负债Other current liability流动负债合计Total current liability长期负债Long-term liability长期借款Long-term loans应付债券Bonds payable长期应付款Long-term payable专项应付款Grants & Subsidies received其他长期负债Other long-term liability长期负债合计Total long-term liability递延税项Deferred T ax递延税款贷项Deferred T ax liabilities负债合计Total liability少数股东权益Minority interests所有者权益（或股东权益）Owners’Equity实收资本（或股本）Paid in capital减；已归还投资Less: Capital redemption实收资本（或股本）净额Net bal of Paid in capital资本公积Capital Reserves盈余公积Surplus Reserves其中：法定公益金Include: Statutory reserves未确认投资损失Unrealised investment losses未分配利润Retained profits after appropriation其中：本年利润Include: Profits for the year外币报表折算差额Translation reserve所有者（或股东）权益合计Total Equity负债及所有者（或股东）权益合计Total Liability & Equity三、利润及利润分配表Income statement and profit appropriation 一）、主营业务收入Revenue减：主营业务成本Less: Cost of Sales主营业务税金及附加Sales Tax二）、主营业务利润（亏损以“—”填列）Gross Profit ( - means loss) 加：其他业务收入Add: Other operating income减：其他业务支出Less: Other operating expense减：营业费用Selling & Distribution expense管理费用G&A expense财务费用Finance expense三）、营业利润（亏损以“—”填列）Profit from operation ( - means loss) 加：投资收益（亏损以“—”填列）Add: Investment income 补贴收入Subsidy Income营业外收入Non-operating income减：营业外支出Less: Non-operating expense四、利润总额（亏损总额以“—”填列）Profit before Tax减：所得税Less: Income tax少数股东损益Minority interest加：未确认投资损失Add: Unrealised investment losses五、净利润（净亏损以“—”填列）Net profit ( - means loss)加：年初未分配利润Add: Retained profits其他转入Other transfer-in六、可供分配的利润Profit available for distribution( - means loss)减：提取法定盈余公积Less: Appropriation of statutory surplus reserves提取法定公益金Appropriation of statutory welfare fund提取职工奖励及福利基金Appropriation of staff incentive and welfare fund提取储备基金Appropriation of reserve fund提取企业发展基金Appropriation of enterprise expansion fund利润归还投资Capital redemption七、可供投资者分配的利润Profit available for owners' distribution减：应付优先股股利Less: Appropriation of preference share's dividend提取任意盈余公积Appropriation of discretionary surplus reserve应付普通股股利Appropriation of ordinary share's dividend转作资本（或股本）的普通股股利Transfer from ordinary share's dividend to paid in capital八、未分配利润Retained profit after appropriation补充资料：Supplementary Information:1．出售、处置部门或被投资单位收益Gains on disposal of operating divisions or investments 2．自然灾害发生损失Losses from natural disaster3．会计政策变更增加（或减少）利润总额Increase (decrease) in profit due to changes in accounting policies4．会计估计变更增加（或减少）利润总额Increase (decrease) in profit due to changes in accountingestimates5．债务重组损失Losses from debt restructuring。
一些财务术语的英文缩写教学文案
一些财务术语的英文缩写1.CAPEX一般是指资金、固定资产的投入.对电信运营商来说,有关的网络设备、计算机、仪器等一次性支出的项目都属于CAPEX,其中网络设备占最大的部分。
OPEX指的是企业的管理支出.2.什么是OPEX? OPEX是(Operating Expense)即运营成本,计算公式为:OPEX=维护费用+营销费用+人工成本(+折旧)。
运营成本主要是指当期的付现成本。
3.CAPEX（Capital Expenditure）即资本性支出，计算公式为：CAPEX=战略性投资+滚动性投资。
资本性投资支出指用于基础建设、扩大再生产等方面的需要在多个会计年度分期摊销的资本性支出。
4.由于战略性投资的决策权不在本地网，因此BPR的指标考核中，Capex仅限于滚动性投资，不包括战略性投资。
主要指标是Capex收入率和投资、回报率（ROI），前者为Capex收入比，反映资本性支出占收入的比重；后者反映投资效益。
5.P&L就是profit&loss statement 也就是损益表6.EBIT，全称Earnings Before Interest and Tax，即息税前利润,从字面意思可知是扣除利息、所得税之前的利润。
计算公式有两种，EBIT＝净利润＋所得税＋利息，或EBIT＝经营利润＋投资收益＋营业外收入－营业外支出＋以前年度损益调整。
EBIT主要用来衡量企业主营业务的盈利能力，EBITDA则主要用于衡量企业主营业务产生现金流的能力。
他们都反映企业现金的流动情况，是资本市场上投资者比较重视的两个指标，通过在计算利润时剔除掉一些因素，可以使利润的计算口径更方便投资者使用。
EBIT通过剔除所得税和利息，可以使投资者评价项目时不用考虑项目适用的所得税率和融资成本，这样方便投资者将项目放在不同的资本结构中进行考察。
EBIT与净利润的主要区别就在于剔除了资本结构和所得税政策的影响。
如此，同一行业中的不同企业之间，无论所在地的所得税率有多大差异，或是资本结构有多大的差异，都能够拿出EBIT这类指标来更为准确的比较盈利能力。
金融学专业词汇（中英文对照）
金融学专业词汇（中英文对照）金融学专业词汇（中英文对照）目录1. 货币与货币制度 (3)2. 国际货币体系与汇率制度 (4)3. 信用、利息与信用形成 (5)4. 金融范畴的形成与发展 (7)5. 金融中介体系 (7)6. 存款货币银行 (9)7. 中央银行 (10)8. 金融市场 (10)9. 资本市场 (13)10. 金融体系结构 (14)11. 金融基础设施 (14)12. 利率的决定作用 (15)13. 货币需求 (16)14. 现代货币的创造机制 (17)15. 货币供给 (17)16. 货币均衡 (18)17. 开放经济的均衡 (18)18. 通货膨胀和通货紧缩 (19)19. 货币政策 (20)20. 货币政策与财政政策的配合 (21)21. 开放条件下的政策搭配与协调 (22)22. 利率的风险结构与期限结构 (22)23. 资产组合与资产定价 (23)24. 商业银行业务与管理 (25)25. 货币经济与实际经济 (26)26. 金融发展与经济增长 (26)27. 金融脆弱性与金融危机 (27)28. 金融监管 (27)1.货币与货币制度货币:(currency)外汇:(foreign exchange)铸币:(coin)银行券:(banknote)纸币:(paper currency)存款货币:(deposit money)价值尺度:(measure of values)货币单位:(currency unit)货币购买力:(purchasing power of money)购买力平价:(purchasing power parity,PPP)流通手段:(means of circulation) 购买手段:(means of purchasing)交易的媒介:(media of exchange)支付手段:(means of payment)货币需求:(demand for money)货币流通速度:(velocity of money)保存价值:(store of value)汇率:(exchange rate)一般等价物:(universal equivalent)流动性:(liquidity)通货:(currency)准货币:(quasi money)货币制度:(monetary system)本位制:(standard)金本位:(gold standard)造币:(coinage)铸币税:(seigniorage)本位币:(standard money)辅币:(fractional money)货币法偿能力:(legal tender powers)复本位制:(bimetallic standard)金汇兑本位:(gold exchange standard)金平价:(gold parity)金块本位制:(gold bullion standard)2.国际货币体系与汇率制度浮动汇率制:(floating exchange rate regime)货币局制度:(currency board arrangement)联系汇率制度:(linked exchange rate system)美元化:(dollarization)最优通货区理论:(theory of optimum currency area)货币消亡:(money disappearance)外汇:(foreign currency)外汇管理:(exchange regulation)外汇管制:(exchange control)可兑换:(convertibility)不可兑换:(inconvertibility)经常项目:(current account)资本项目:(capital account)汇率:(exchange rate)牌价:(posted price)直接标价法:(direct quotation)间接标价法:(indirect quotation)单一汇率:(unitary exchange rate)多重汇率:(multiple exchange rate)市场汇率:(market exchange rate)官方汇率:(official exchange rate)黑市:(black market)固定汇率:(fixed exchange rate)浮动汇率:(floating exchange rate)管理浮动:(managed float)盯住汇率制度:(pegged exchange rate regime)固定钉住:(fixed peg)在水平带内的盯住:(pegged within horizontal bands)爬行钉住:(crawling peg)外汇指定银行:(designated foreign exchange bank)货币的对外价值:(external value of exchange)货币的对内价值:(internal value of exchange)名义汇率:(nominal exchange rate)实际汇率:(real exchange rate)铸币平价:(mint parity)金平价:(gold parity)黄金输送点:(gold transport point)国际借贷说:(theory of international indebtedness)流动债权:(current claim)流动负债:(current liablity)国际收支说:(theory of balance payment)汇兑心理说:(psychology theory of exchange rate)货币分析说:(monetary approach)金融资产说:(portfolio theory of exchange rate determination)利率平价理论:(theory of interest rate parity)外汇风险:(exchange risk)中国的外汇调剂:(foreign exchange swap)3.信用、利息与信用形成信用:(credit)利息:(interest)收益:(yield)资本化:(capitalization of interest)高利贷:(usury)利率:(interest rate)债权:(claim)债务:(debt obligation)借入:(borrowing)贷出:(lending)盈余:(surplus)赤字:(deficit)跨时预算约束:(intertemporal budget constraint)资金流量:(flow of funds)部门:(sector)借贷资本:(loan capital)实体:(real)商业信用:(commercial credit)银行信用:(bank credit)本票:(promissory note)汇票:(bill of exchange)商业本票:(commercial paper)商业汇票:(commercial bill)承兑:(acceptance)背书:(endorsement)直接融资:(direct finance)间接融资:(indirect finance)短期国库卷:(treasury bill)中期国库卷:(treasury note)长期国库卷:(treasury bond)国债:(national debt)公债:(public debt)资本输出:(export of capital)国际资本流动:(international capital flow)国外商业性借贷:(foreign direct investment,FDI)国际游资:(hotmoney)4.金融范畴的形成与发展财政:(public finance)公司理财:(corporate finance)投资:(investment)保险:(insurance)财产保险:(property insurance)人身保险:(mutual life insurance)相互人寿保险:(mutual life insurance)信托:(trust)租赁:(leasing)5.金融中介体系金融中介:(financial intermediary)金融机构:(financial institution)借者:(borrower)贷者:(lender)货币中介:(monetary intermediation)权益资本:(equity capital)中央银行:(central bank)货币当局:(monetary authority)存款货币银行:(deposit money bank)商业银行:(commercial bank)投资银行:(investment bank)商人银行:(merchant bank)财务公司:(financial companies)储蓄银行:(saving bank)抵押银行:(mortgage bank)信用合作社:(credit cooperative)保险业:(insurance industry)跨国银行:(multinational bank)代表处:(representative office)经理处:(agency)分行:(branch)子银行:(subsidiary)联营银行:(affiliate)国际财团银行:(consortium bank)中国人民银行:(People’s Bank of China)政策性银行:(policy banks)国有商业银行:(state-owned commercial banks)资产管理公司:(assets management company)证券公司:(securities company) 券商:(securities dealer)农村信用合作社:(rural credit cooperatives)城市信用合作社:(urban credit cooperatives)信托投资公司:(trust and investment companies)信托:(trust)金融租赁:(financial leasing)邮政储蓄:(postal savings)财产保险:(property insurance)商业保险:(commercial insurance)社会保险:(social insurance)保险深度:(insurance intensity)保险密度:(insurance density)投资基金:(investment funds)证券投资基金:(security funds)封闭式基金:(closed-end investment funds)开放式基金:(open-end investment funds)私募基金:(private placement)风险投资基金:(venture funds)特别提款权:(special drawing right,SDR)国有化:(nationalization)6.存款货币银行货币兑换商:(money dealer)银行业:(banking)贴现率:(discount rate)职能分工型商业银行:(functional division commercial bank)全能型商业银行:(multi-function commercial bank)综合性商业银行:(comprehensive commercial bank)单元银行制度:(unit banking system)总分行制度:(branch banking system)代理行制度:(correspondent banking system)银行控股公司制度:(share holding banking system)连锁银行制度:(chains banking system)金融创新:(financial innovation)自动转账制度:(automatic transfer services,ATS)可转让支付命令账户:(negotiable order of withdrawal account,NOW)货币市场互助基金:(money market mutual fund,MMMF)货币市场存款账户:(money market deposit account,MMDA)不良债权:(bad claim)坏账:(bad loan)不良贷款:(non-performing loans,NPL)存款保险制度:(deposit insurance system)金融资本:(financial capital)7.中央银行中央银行:(central bank)一元式中央银行制度:(unit central bank system)二元式中央银行制度:(dual central bank system)复合中央银行制度:(compound central bank system)跨国中央银行制度:(multinational central bank system)发行的银行:(bank of issue)银行的银行:(bank of bank)最后贷款人:(lender of last resort)再贴现:(rediscount)在抵押:(recollateralize)国家的银行:(the state bank)8.金融市场金融市场:(financial market)证券化:(securitization)金融资产:(financial assets)金融工具:(financial instruments)金融产品:(financial products)衍生金融产品:(derivative financial products) 原生金融产品:(underlying financial products) 流动性:(liquidity)变现:(encashment)买卖差价:(bid-ask spread)做市商:(market marker)到期日:(due date)信用风险:(credit risk)市场风险:(market risk)名义收益率:(nominal yield)现时收益率:(current yield)平均收益率:(average yield)内在价值:(intrinsic value)直接融资:(direct finance)间接融资:(indirect finance)货币市场:(money market)资本市场:(capital market)现货市场:(spot market)期货市场:(futures market)机构投资人:(institutional investor)资信度:(credit standing)融通票据:(financial paper)银行承兑票据:(bank acceptance)贴现:(discount)大额存单:(certificates of desposit,CDs)回购:(counterpurchase) 回购协议:(repurchase agreement)隔夜:(overnight)银行同业间拆借市场:(interbank market)合约:(contract)远期:(forward)期货:(futures)期权:(options)看涨期权:(call option)看跌期权:(put option)期权费:(option premium)互换:(swap)投资基金:(investment funds)契约型基金:(contractual type investment fund)单位型基金:(unit funds)基金型基金:(funding funds)公司型基金:(corporate type investment fund)投资管理公司:(investment management company)共同基金:(mutual fund)对冲基金:(hedge fund)风投基金:(venture fund)权益投资:(equity investment)收益基金:(income funds)增长基金:(growth funds)长期增长基金:(long-term growth funds)高增长基金:(go-go groeth funds)货币市场基金:(money market funds)养老基金:(pension fund)外汇市场:(foreign exchange market)风险资本:(venture capital)权益资本:(equity capital)私人权益资本市场:(private equity market)有限合伙制:(limited partnership)交易发起:(deal origination)筛选投资机会:(screening)评价:(evaluation)交易设计:(deal structure)投资后管理:(post-investment activities)创业板市场:(growth enterprise market,GEM)二板市场:(secondary board market)金融创新:(financial innovation)金融自由化:(financial liberalization)全球化:(globalization)离岸金融市场:(off-shore financial center)9.资本市场权益:(equity)剩余索取权:(residual claims)证券交易所:(stock exchange)交割:(delivery)过户:(transfer ownership)场外交易市场:(over the counter,OTC)金融债券:(financial bond)抵押债券:(mortgage bond)担保信托债券:(collateral trust bonds)信用债券:(trust bonds)次等信用债券:(subordinated debenture)担保债券:(guaranteed bonds)初级市场:(primary market)二级市场:(secondary market)公募:(public offering)私募:(private offering)有价证券:(security)面值:(face value)市值:(market value)股票价格指数:(share price index)有效市场假说:(effective market hypothesis)弱有效市场:(weak efficient market)中度有效市场:(semi-efficient market)强有效市场:(strong efficient market)股份公司:(stock certificate)股票:(stock certificate)股东:(stock holder)所有权:(ownership)经营权:(right of management)10.金融体系结构功能主义金融观:(perspective of financial function)金融体系格局:(pattern of financial system)激励:(incentive)公司治理:(corporate governance)路径依赖:(path dependency)市场主导型:(market-oriented type)银行主导型:(banking-oriented type)参与成本:(participative cost)影子银行体系:(the shadow banking system)11.金融基础设施金融基础设施:(financial infrastructures)支付清算系统:(payment and clearing system)跨境支付系统:(cross-border inter-bank payment system,CIPS)全额实时结算:(real time gross system)净额批量清算:(bulk transfer net system)大额资金转账系统:(whole sale funds transfer system)小额定时结算系统:(fixed time retail system)票据交换所:(clearing house)金融市场基础设施:(financial market infrastructures)中央交易对手:(central counterparties,CCPs)双边清算体系:(bilateral clearing system)系统重要性支付体系核心原则:(the core principles for systemically important payment system)证券清算体系建议:(the recommendations for central counterparties)中央交易对手建议:(the recommendations for central counterparties)金融业标准:(financial standards)盯市:(mark-to-market)公允价值:(fair value)金融部门评估规划:(financial sector assessment program)12.利率的决定作用可贷资金论:(loanable funds theory of interest)储蓄的利率弹性:(interest elasticity of saving)投资的利率弹性:(interest elasticity of investment)本金:(principal)回报率:(returns)基准利率:(benchmark interest rate)无风险利率:(risk-free interest rate)补偿:(compensation)风险溢价:(risk premium)实际利率:(real interest rate)名义利率:(nominal interest rate)固定利率:(fixed interest rate)浮动利率:(floating rate)官定利率:(official interest rate)行业利率:(trade-regulated rate)一般利率:(general interest rate)优惠利率:(preferential interest rate)贴息贷款:(loan of interest subsidy)年利率:(annual interest rate)月利率:(monthly interest rate)日利率:(daily interest rate)拆息:(call money interest)13.货币需求货币需求:(demand for money)货币数量论:(quantity theory of money)货币必要量:(volume of money needed)货币流通速度:(velocity of money)交易方程式:(equation of exchange)剑桥方程式:(equation of Cambridge)现金交易说:(cash transaction approach)现金余额说:(cash balance theory)货币需求动机:(motive of the demand for money)交易动机:(transaction motive)预防动机:(precautionary motive)投机动机:(speculative motive)流动性偏好:(liquidity preference)流动性陷阱:(liquidity trap)平方根法则:(square-root rule)货币主义:(monetarism)恒久性收入:(permanent income)机会成本变量:(opportunity cost variable)名义货币需求:(nominal demand for money)实际货币需求:(real demand for money)客户保证金:(customer’s security marign)金融资产选择:(portfolio selection)14.现代货币的创造机制纯流通费用:(pure circulation cost)原始存款:(primary deposit)派生存款:(derivative deposit)派生乘数:(withdrawal multiplier)现金损露:(loss of cashes)提现率:(withdrawal rate)创造乘数:(creation multiplier)现金:(currency)基础货币:(base money)高能货币:(high-power money)货币乘数:(money multiplier)铸币收入:(seigniorage revenue)15.货币供给货币供给:(money supply)准货币:(quasi money)名义货币供给:(nominal money supply)实际货币供给:(real money supply)股民保证金:(shareholder’s security margin)货币存量:(money stock)公开市场操作:(open-market operation)贴现政策:(discount policy)再贴现率:(rediscount rate)法定准备金率:(legal reserve ratio)财富效应:(wealth effect)预期报酬率变动效应:(effect of expected yields change)现金持有量:(currency holdings)超额准备金:(excess reserves)外生变量:(exogenous variable)内生变量:(endogenous variable)16.货币均衡均衡:(equilibrium)投资饥渴:(huger for investment)软预算约束:(soft budget constraint)总需求:(aggregate demand)总供给:(aggregate supply)面纱论:(money veil theory)流:(flow)余额:(stock)17.开放经济的均衡国际收支:(balance of payments)居民:(resident)非居民:(nonresident)国际收支平衡表:(statement for balance of payments)经常项目:(current account)资本和金融项目:(capital and financial account)储备资产:(reserve assets)净误差与遗漏:(net errors and missions)自主性交易:(autonomous transaction)调节性交易:(accommodating transaction)偿债率:(debt service ratio)顺差:(surplus)逆差:(deficit)最后清偿率:(last liquidation ratio)资本流动:(capital movements)项目融资:(project finance)外债:(external debt)资本外逃:(capital flight)冲销性操作:(sterilized operation)非冲销性操作:(unsterilized operation)债务率:(debt ratio)负债率:(liability ratio)差额:(balance)18.通货膨胀和通货紧缩通货膨胀:(inflation) 恶性通货膨胀:(rampant inflation)爬行通货膨胀:(creeping inflation)温和通货膨胀:(moderate inflation)公开性通货膨胀:(open inflation)显性通货膨胀:(evident inflation)隐蔽性通货膨胀:(hidden inflation)输入型通货膨胀:(import of inflation)结构性通货膨胀:(structural inflation)通货膨胀率:(inflation rate)。
资本业务英文简称范文
Earnings Per Share
每股盈余
普通股每股税后利润，为公司获利能力的最后结果，表示公司是否具有某种较佳的能力——产品行销、技术能力、管理能力等等，使得公司可以用较少的资源创造出较高的获利。EPS=盈余/流通在外股数。
FDI
Foreign Direct Investment
（境外投资者）对外直接投资
BOT
Build－Operate－Transfer
基础设施特许权
建设－经营－转让。BOT实质上是基础设施投资、建设和经营的一种方式，以政府和私人机构之间达成协议为前提，由政府向私人机构颁布特许，允许其在一定时期内筹集资金建设某一基础设施并管理和经营该设施及其相应的产品与服务。BOT经历了数百年的发展，为了适应不同的条件，衍生出许多变种，例如BOOT（Build－Own－Operate－Transfer，即建设—拥有—运营—移交）；BOO（Build－Own－Operate，即建设—拥有—运营）；BLT（Build－Lease－Transfer即建设—租赁—移交）；BOOST方式（建设—拥有—运营—补贴—移交）；BTO方式（建设—移交—运营）；TOT（Transfer－Operate－Transfer即转让—运营—转让）等等。广义的BOT概念包括这些衍生品种在内。
资本业务名词英文简称
英文简称
英文原名
中文名称
解释
BT
Build－Transfer
建设－移交
建设－移交。是政府利用非政府资金来进行基础非经营性设施建设项目的一种融资模式。BT模式是BOT模式的一种变换形式，指一个项目的运作通过项目公司总承包，融资、建设验收合格后移交给业主，业主向投资方支付项目总投资加上合理回报的过程。目前采用BT模式筹集建设资金成了项目融资的一种新模式。
资本市场场外产品分类英文缩写、信息分类标准文件名称、标识符、模式定义文件名称列表
OTC-NPOCB-Presentation-2014-08-31.xsd
OTC-D-Presentation-2014-08-31.xsd OTC-Others-Presentation-2014-08-31.xsd
OTC-POF-Caculation-2014-08-31.xml
JR/T ×××××—××××
附录A （规范性附录） 场外产品分类英文缩写
A.1 场外产品分类英文缩写及全称
场外产品分类名称 收益凭证
非公开发行公司债券 资产支持证券 理财产品 私募基金 私募股权 衍生品 其他场外产品
英文缩写及全称 ELN(Equity Linked Note) NPOCB(Non-public Offering Corporate Bonds) ABS(Asset-backed Securities) WIP(Wealth Investment Product) POF(Privately Offered Fund) PE(Private Equity) D(Derivatives) Others
分类标准标识符
OTC_Core OTC_Common OTC_Label OTC_Cal OTC_Ref POF_EntryPoint PE_EntryPoint WIP_EntryPoint ABS_EntryPoint ELN_EntryPoint NPOCB_EntryPoint D_EntryPoint Others_EntryPoint POF_Presentation PE_Presentation WIP_Presentation ABS_Presentation ELN_Presentation NPOCB_Presentation D_Presentation Others_Presentation POF_Caculation PE_Caculation WIP_Caculation ABS_Caculation ELN_Caculation NPOCB_Caculation D_Caculation Others_Caculation POF_Reference PE_Reference WIP_Reference
商业银行经营学名词解释(1)
一名词解释1回购协议：是指商业银行在出售证券等金融资产时签订协议，约定在一定期限后按约定价格购回所卖证券，以获得即时可用资金的交易方式。
2票据贴现是一种以票据所有权的有偿转让为前提的约期性资金融通。
票据贴现不仅仅是一种票据买卖行为，它实际上是一种债权债务关系的转移，是银行通过贴现而间接地把款项放给票据的付款人，是银行贷款的一种特殊方式。
3贷款决策风险：是指银行自身贷款业务的组织和管理上，由于贷款决策的失误而引起贷款蒙受损失的可能性。
4代理融通业务代理融通又叫应收账款权益售与，是一种应收账款的综合管理业务。
是指由商业银行或专业代理融通公司接受他人的委托，以代理人的身份代为收取应收账款，并为委托者提供资金融通的一种中间业务。
5保付代理（factoring）业务简称保理，是指商业银行以购买票据的方式购买借款企业的应收账款，并在账款收回前提供融通资金之外的各项服务，如信用分析、催收账款、代办会计处理手续、承担倒账风险等。
6备用信用证又称商业票据信用证（Commercial Paper Letter of Credit）、担保信用证（Guaranteed Letter of Credit），是指开证行根据开证申请人的请求，对申请人开立的承诺承担某种义务的凭证。
即开证行在开证申请人未能履行其应履行的义务时，受益人只要凭备用信用证的规定向开证行开具汇票（或不开汇票）并提交开证申请人未履行义务的声明或证明文件，即可获得开证行的偿付。
7贷款承诺是指银行承诺客户在未来一定的时期内，按照双方事先确定的条件，应客户的要求，随时提供不超过一定限额的贷款。
这里所说的“事先确定的条件”通常包括贷款利率的计算方式、贷款的期限以及贷款的使用方向等。
（授信）8票据发行便利（Note Issuance Facilities，NIFs）是一种中期的（一般期限为5~7年）具有法律约束力的循环融资承诺。
根据这种承诺，客户（借款人）可以在协议期限内用自己的名义以不高于预定利率的水平发行短期票据筹集资金，银行承诺购买客户未能在市场上出售的票据或向客户提供等额银行贷款。
中国会计科目英文对照表
现金 Cash in hand银行存款 Cash in bank其他货币资金-外埠存款Other monetary assets - cash in other cities其他货币资金-银行本票 Other monetary assets - cashier‘s check其他货币资金-银行汇票 Other monetary assets - bank draft其他货币资金-信用卡 Other monetary assets - credit cards其他货币资金-信用证保证金 Other monetary assets - L/C deposit其他货币资金-存出投资款 Other monetary assets - cash for investment短期投资-股票投资 Investments - Short term - stocks短期投资-债券投资 Investments - Short term - bonds短期投资-基金投资 Investments - Short term - funds短期投资-其他投资 Investments - Short term - others短期投资跌价准备 Provision for short-term investment长期股权投资-股票投资 Long term equity investment - stocks长期股权投资-其他股权投资 Long term equity investment - others长期债券投资-债券投资 Long term securities investemnt - bonds长期债券投资-其他债权投资 Long term securities investment - others长期投资减值准备 Provision for long-term investment应收票据 Notes receivable应收股利 Dividends receivable应收利息 Interest receivable应收帐款 Trade debtors坏帐准备- 应收帐款 Provision for doubtful debts - trade debtors预付帐款 Prepayment应收补贴款 Allowance receivable其他应收款 Other debtors坏帐准备- 其他应收款 Provision for doubtful debts - other debtors其他流动资产 Other current assets物资采购 Purchase原材料 Raw materials包装物 Packing materials低值易耗品 Low value consumbles材料成本差异 Material cost difference自制半成品 Self-manufactured goods库存商品 Finished goods商品进销差价 Difference between purchase & sales of commodities委托加工物资 Consigned processiong material委托代销商品 Consignment-out受托代销商品 Consignment-in分期收款发出商品 Goods on instalment sales存货跌价准备 Provision for obsolete stocks待摊费用 Prepaid expenses待处理流动资产损益 Unsettled G/L on current assets待处理固定资产损益 Unsettled G/L on fixed assets委托贷款-本金 Consignment loan - principle委托贷款-利息 Consignment loan - interest委托贷款-减值准备 Consignment loan - provision固定资产-房屋建筑物 Fixed assets - Buildings固定资产-机器设备 Fixed assets - Plant and machinery固定资产-电子设备、器具及家具 Fixed assets - Electronic Equipment, furniture and fixtures 固定资产-运输设备 Fixed assets - Automobiles累计折旧 Accumulated depreciation固定资产减值准备 Impairment of fixed assets工程物资-专用材料 Project material - specific materials工程物资-专用设备 Project material - specific equipment工程物资-预付大型设备款 Project material - prepaid for equipment工程物资-为生产准备的工具及器具 Project material - tools and facilities for production 在建工程 Construction in progress在建工程减值准备 Impairment of construction in progress固定资产清理 Disposal of fixed assets无形资产-专利权 Intangible assets - patent无形资产-非专利技术 Intangible assets - industrial property and know-how无形资产-商标权 Intangible assets - trademark rights无形资产-土地使用权 Intangible assets - land use rights无形资产-商誉 Intangible assets - goodwill无形资产减值准备 Impairment of intangible assets长期待摊费用 Deferred assets未确认融资费用 Unrecognized finance fees其他长期资产 Other long term assets递延税款借项 Deferred assets debits应付票据 Notes payable应付帐款 Trade creditors预收帐款 Adanvances from customers代销商品款 Consignment-in payables其他应交款 Other payable to government其他应付款 Other creditors应付股利 Proposed dividends待转资产价值 Donated assets预计负债 Accrued liabilities应付短期债券 Short-term debentures payable其他流动负债 Other current liabilities预提费用 Accrued expenses应付工资 Payroll payable应付福利费 Welfare payable短期借款-抵押借款 Bank loans - Short term - pledged短期借款-信用借款 Bank loans - Short term - credit短期借款-担保借款 Bank loans - Short term - guaranteed一年内到期长期借款 Long term loans due within one year一年内到期长期应付款 Long term payable due within one year长期借款 Bank loans - Long term应付债券-债券面值 Bond payable - Par value应付债券-债券溢价 Bond payable - Excess应付债券-债券折价 Bond payable - Discount应付债券-应计利息 Bond payable - Accrued interest长期应付款 Long term payable专项应付款 Specific payable其他长期负债 Other long term liabilities应交税金-所得税 Tax payable - income tax应交税金-增值税 Tax payable - VAT应交税金-营业税 Tax payable - business tax应交税金-消费税 Tax payable - consumable tax应交税金-其他 Tax payable - others递延税款贷项 Deferred taxation credit股本 Share capital已归还投资 Investment returned利润分配-其他转入 Profit appropriation - other transfer in利润分配-提取法定盈余公积 Profit appropriation - statutory surplus reserve利润分配-提取法定公益金 Profit appropriation - statutory welfare reserve利润分配-提取储备基金 Profit appropriation - reserve fund利润分配-提取企业发展基金 Profit appropriation - enterprise development fund利润分配-提取职工奖励及福利基金 Profit appropriation - staff bonus and welfare fund 利润分配-利润归还投资 Profit appropriation - return investment by profit利润分配-应付优先股股利 Profit appropriation - preference shares dividends利润分配-提取任意盈余公积 Profit appropriation - other surplus reserve利润分配-应付普通股股利 Profit appropriation - ordinary shares dividends利润分配-转作股本的普通股股利 Profit appropriation -ordinary shares dividends converted to shares期初未分配利润 Retained earnings, beginning of the year资本公积-股本溢价 Capital surplus - share premium资本公积-接受捐赠非现金资产准备 Capital surplus - donation reserve资本公积-接受现金捐赠 Capital surplus - cash donation资本公积-股权投资准备 Capital surplus - investment reserve资本公积-拨款转入 Capital surplus - subsidiary资本公积-外币资本折算差额 Capital surplus - foreign currency translation资本公积-其他 Capital surplus - others盈余公积-法定盈余公积金 Surplus reserve - statutory surplus reserve盈余公积-任意盈余公积金 Surplus reserve - other surplus reserve盈余公积-法定公益金 Surplus reserve - statutory welfare reserve盈余公积-储备基金 Surplus reserve - reserve fund盈余公积-企业发展基金 Surplus reserve - enterprise development fund盈余公积-利润归还投资 Surplus reserve - reture investment by investment主营业务收入 Sales主营业务成本 Cost of sales主营业务税金及附加 Sales tax营业费用 Operating expenses管理费用 General and administrative expenses财务费用 Financial expenses投资收益 Investment income其他业务收入 Other operating income营业外收入 Non-operating income补贴收入 Subsidy income其他业务支出 Other operating expenses营业外支出 Non-operating expenses所得税 Income tax会计科目中英对照（全）1 资产 assets11~ 12 流动资产 current assets111 现金及约当现金 cash and cash equivalents1111 库存现金 cash on hand1112 零用金/周转金 petty cash/revolving funds1113 银行存款 cash in banks1116 在途现金 cash in transit1117 约当现金 cash equivalents1118 其它现金及约当现金 other cash and cash equivalents112 短期投资 short-term investment1121 短期投资 -股票 short-term investments - stock1122 短期投资 -短期票券 short-term investments - short-term notes and bills1123 短期投资 -政府债券 short-term investments - government bonds1124 短期投资 -受益凭证 short-term investments - beneficiary certificates1125 短期投资 -公司债 short-term investments - corporate bonds1128 短期投资 -其它 short-term investments - other1129 备抵短期投资跌价损失 allowance for reduction of short-term investment to market 113 应收票据 notes receivable1131 应收票据 notes receivable1132 应收票据贴现 discounted notes receivable1137 应收票据 -关系人 notes receivable - related parties1138 其它应收票据 other notes receivable1139 备抵呆帐－应收票据 allowance for uncollec- tible accounts- notes receivable114 应收帐款 accounts receivable1141 应收帐款 accounts receivable1142 应收分期帐款 installment accounts receivable1147 应收帐款 -关系人 accounts receivable - related parties1149 备抵呆帐－应收帐款 allowance for uncollec- tible accounts - accounts receivable 118 其它应收款 other receivables1181 应收出售远汇款 forward exchange contract receivable1182 应收远汇款 -外币 forward exchange contract receivable - foreign currencies1183 买卖远汇折价 discount on forward ex-change contract1184 应收收益 earned revenue receivable1185 应收退税款 income tax refund receivable1187 其它应收款 - 关系人 other receivables - related parties1188 其它应收款 - 其它 other receivables - other1189 备抵呆帐 - 其它应收款 allowance for uncollec- tible accounts - other receivables 121~122 存货 inventories1211 商品存货 merchandise inventory1212 寄销商品 consigned goods1213 在途商品 goods in transit1219 备抵存货跌价损失 allowance for reduction of inventory to market1221 制成品 finished goods1222 寄销制成品 consigned finished goods1223 副产品 by-products1224 在制品 work in process1225 委外加工 work in process - outsourced1226 原料 raw materials1227 物料 supplies1228 在途原物料 materials and supplies in transit1229 备抵存货跌价损失 allowance for reduction of inventory to market125 预付费用 prepaid expenses1251 预付薪资 prepaid payroll1252 预付租金 prepaid rents1253 预付保险费 prepaid insurance1254 用品盘存 office supplies1255 预付所得税 prepaid income tax1258 其它预付费用 other prepaid expenses126 预付款项 prepayments1261 预付货款 prepayment for purchases1268 其它预付款项 other prepayments128~129 其它流动资产 other current assets1281 进项税额 VAT paid ( or input tax)1282 留抵税额 excess VAT paid (or overpaid VAT)1283 暂付款 temporary payments1284 代付款 payment on behalf of others1285 员工借支 advances to employees1286 存出保证金 refundable deposits1287 受限制存款 certificate of deposit-restricted1291 递延所得税资产 deferred income tax assets1292 递延兑换损失 deferred foreign exchange losses1293 业主(股东)往来 owners'(stockholders') current account1294 同业往来 current account with others1298 其它流动资产-其它 other current assets - other13 基金及长期投资 funds and long-term investments131 基金 funds1311 偿债基金 redemption fund (or sinking fund)1312 改良及扩充基金 fund for improvement and expansion1313 意外损失准备基金 contingency fund1314 退休基金 pension fund1318 其它基金 other funds132 长期投资 long-term investments1321 长期股权投资 long-term equity investments1322 长期债券投资 long-term bond investments1323 长期不动产投资 long-term real estate in-vestments1324 人寿保险现金解约价值 cash surrender value of life insurance1328 其它长期投资 other long-term investments1329 备抵长期投资跌价损失 allowance for excess of cost over market value of long-term investments14~ 15 固定资产 property , plant, and equipment141 土地 land1411 土地 land1418 土地-重估增值 land - revaluation increments142 土地改良物 land improvements1421 土地改良物 land improvements1428 土地改良物 -重估增值 land improvements - revaluation increments1429 累积折旧 -土地改良物 accumulated depreciation - land improvements143 房屋及建物 buildings1431 房屋及建物 buildings1438 房屋及建物 -重估增值 buildings -revaluation increments1439 累积折旧 -房屋及建物 accumulated depreciation - buildings144~146 机(器)具及设备 machinery and equipment1441 机(器)具 machinery1448 机(器)具 -重估增值 machinery - revaluation increments1449 累积折旧 -机(器)具 accumulated depreciation - machinery151 租赁资产 leased assets1511 租赁资产 leased assets1519 累积折旧 -租赁资产 accumulated depreciation - leased assets152 租赁权益改良 leasehold improvements1521 租赁权益改良 leasehold improvements1529 累积折旧- 租赁权益改良 accumulated depreciation - leasehold improvements156 未完工程及预付购置设备款 construction in progress and prepayments for equipment 1561 未完工程 construction in progress1562 预付购置设备款 prepayment for equipment158 杂项固定资产 miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment1581 杂项固定资产 miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment1588 杂项固定资产-重估增值 miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment -revaluation increments1589 累积折旧- 杂项固定资产 accumulated depreciation -miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment16 递耗资产 depletable assets161 递耗资产 depletable assets1611 天然资源 natural resources1618 天然资源 -重估增值 natural resources -revaluation increments1619 累积折耗 -天然资源 accumulated depletion - natural resources17 无形资产 intangible assets171 商标权 trademarks1711 商标权 trademarks172 专利权 patents1721 专利权 patents173 特许权 franchise1731 特许权 franchise174 著作权 copyright1741 著作权 copyright175 计算机软件 computer software1751 计算机软件 computer software cost176 商誉 goodwill1761 商誉 goodwill177 开办费 organization costs1771 开办费 organization costs178 其它无形资产 other intangibles1781 递延退休金成本 deferred pension costs1782 租赁权益改良 leasehold improvements1788 其它无形资产-其它 other intangible assets - other18 其它资产 other assets181 递延资产 deferred assets1811 债券发行成本 deferred bond issuance costs1812 长期预付租金 long-term prepaid rent1813 长期预付保险费 long-term prepaid insurance1814 递延所得税资产 deferred income tax assets1815 预付退休金 prepaid pension cost1818 其它递延资产 other deferred assets182 闲置资产 idle assets1821 闲置资产 idle assets184 长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款 long-term notes , accounts and overdue receivables 1841 长期应收票据 long-term notes receivable1842 长期应收帐款 long-term accounts receivable1843 催收帐款 overdue receivables1847 长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款-关系人 long-term notes, accounts and overdue receivables- related parties1848 其它长期应收款项 other long-term receivables1849 备抵呆帐-长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款 allowance for uncollectible accounts - long-term notes, accounts and overdue receivables185 出租资产 assets leased to others1851 出租资产 assets leased to others1858 出租资产 -重估增值 assets leased to others - incremental value from revaluation1859 累积折旧 -出租资产 accumulated depreciation - assets leased to others186 存出保证金 refundable deposit1861 存出保证金 refundable deposits188 杂项资产 miscellaneous assets1881 受限制存款 certificate of deposit - restricted1888 杂项资产 -其它 miscellaneous assets2 负债 liabilities21~ 22 流动负债 current liabilities211 短期借款 short-term borrowings(debt)2111 银行透支 bank overdraft2112 银行借款 bank loan2114 短期借款 -业主 short-term borrowings - owners2115 短期借款 -员工 short-term borrowings - employees2117 短期借款 -关系人 short-term borrowings- related parties2118 短期借款 -其它 short-term borrowings - other212 应付短期票券 short-term notes and bills payable2121 应付商业本票 commercial paper payable2122 银行承兑汇票 bank acceptance2128 其它应付短期票券 other short-term notes and bills payable2129 应付短期票券折价 discount on short-term notes and bills payable213 应付票据 notes payable2131 应付票据 notes payable2137 应付票据 -关系人 notes payable - related parties2138 其它应付票据 other notes payable214 应付帐款 accounts pay able2141 应付帐款 accounts payable2147 应付帐款 -关系人 accounts payable - related parties216 应付所得税 income taxes payable2161 应付所得税 income tax payable217 应付费用 accrued expenses2171 应付薪工 accrued payroll2172 应付租金 accrued rent payable2173 应付利息 accrued interest payable2174 应付营业税 accrued VAT payable2175 应付税捐 -其它 accrued taxes payable- other2178 其它应付费用 other accrued expenses payable218~219 其它应付款 other payables2181 应付购入远汇款 forward exchange contract payable2182 应付远汇款 -外币 forward exchange contract payable - foreign currencies2183 买卖远汇溢价 premium on forward exchange contract2184 应付土地房屋款 payables on land and building purchased2185 应付设备款 Payables on equipment2187 其它应付款 -关系人 other payables - related parties2191 应付股利 dividend payable2192 应付红利 bonus payable2193 应付董监事酬劳 compensation payable to directors and supervisors2198 其它应付款 -其它 other payables - other226 预收款项advance receipts2261 预收货款 sales revenue received in advance2262 预收收入 revenue received in advance2268 其它预收款 other advance receipts227 一年或一营业周期内到期长期负债 long-term liabilities -current portion2271 一年或一营业周期内到期公司债 corporate bonds payable - current portion2272 一年或一营业周期内到期长期借款 long-term loans payable - current portion2273 一年或一营业周期内到期长期应付票据及款项 long-term notes and accounts payable due within one year or one operating cycle2277 一年或一营业周期内到期长期应付票据及款项-关系人 long-term notes and accounts payables to related parties - current portion2278 其它一年或一营业周期内到期长期负债 other long-term lia- bilities - current portion 228~229 其它流动负债 other current liabilities2281 销项税额 VAT received(or output tax)2283 暂收款 temporary receipts2284 代收款 receipts under custody2285 估计售后服务/保固负债 estimated warranty liabilities2291 递延所得税负债 deferred income tax liabilities2292 递延兑换利益 deferred foreign exchange gain2293 业主(股东)往来 owners' current account2294 同业往来 current account with others2298 其它流动负债-其它 other current liabilities - others23 长期负债 long-term liabilities231 应付公司债 corporate bonds payable2311 应付公司债 corporate bonds payable2319 应付公司债溢(折)价 premium(discount) on corporate bonds payable232 长期借款 long-term loans payable2321 长期银行借款 long-term loans payable - bank2324 长期借款 -业主 long-term loans payable - owners2325 长期借款 -员工 long-term loans payable - employees2327 长期借款 -关系人 long-term loans payable - related parties2328 长期借款 -其它 long-term loans payable - other233 长期应付票据及款项 long-term notes and accounts payable2331 长期应付票据 long-term notes payable2332 长期应付帐款 long-term accounts pay-able2333 长期应付租赁负债 long-term capital lease liabilities2337 长期应付票据及款项 -关系人 Long-term notes and accounts payable - related parties 2338 其它长期应付款项 other long-term payables234 估计应付土地增值税 accrued liabilities for land value increment tax2341 估计应付土地增值税 estimated accrued land value incremental tax pay-able235 应计退休金负债 accrued pension liabilities2351 应计退休金负债 accrued pension liabilities238 其它长期负债 other long-term liabilities2388 其它长期负债-其它 other long-term liabilities - other28 其它负债 other liabilities281 递延负债 deferred liabilities2811 递延收入 deferred revenue2814 递延所得税负债 deferred income tax liabilities2818 其它递延负债 other deferred liabilities286 存入保证金 deposits received2861 存入保证金 guarantee deposit received288 杂项负债 miscellaneous liabilities2888 杂项负债 -其它 miscellaneous liabilities – other3 业主权益 owners' equity31 资本 capital311 资本（或股本） capital3111 普通股股本 capital - common stock3112 特别股股本 capital - preferred stock3113 预收股本 capital collected in advance3114 待分配股票股利 stock dividends to be distributed3115 资本 capital32 资本公积 additional paid-in capital321 股票溢价 paid-in capital in excess of par3211 普通股股票溢价 paid-in capital in excess of par- common stock3212 特别股股票溢价 paid-in capital in excess of par- preferred stock323 资产重估增值准备 capital surplus from assets revaluation3231 资产重估增值准备 capital surplus from assets revaluation324 处分资产溢价公积 capital surplus from gain on disposal of assets3241 处分资产溢价公积 capital surplus from gain on disposal of assets325 合并公积 capital surplus from business combination3251 合并公积 capital surplus from business combination326 受赠公积 donated surplus3261 受赠公积 donated surplus328 其它资本公积 other additional paid-in capital3281 权益法长期股权投资资本公积 additional paid-in capital from investee under equity method3282 资本公积- 库藏股票交易 additional paid-in capital - treasury stock trans-actions 33 保留盈余(或累积亏损) retained earnings (accumulated deficit)331 法定盈余公积 legal reserve3311 法定盈余公积 legal reserve332 特别盈余公积 special reserve3321 意外损失准备 contingency reserve3322 改良扩充准备 improvement and expansion reserve3323 偿债准备 special reserve for redemption of liabilities3328 其它特别盈余公积 other special reserve335 未分配盈余(或累积亏损) retained earnings-unappropriated (or accumulated deficit) 3351 累积盈亏 accumulated profit or loss3352 前期损益调整 prior period adjustments3353 本期损益 net income or loss for current period34 权益调整 equity adjustments341 长期股权投资未实现跌价损失 unrealized loss on market value decline of long-term equity investments3411 长期股权投资未实现跌价损失 unrealized loss on market value decline of long-term equity investments342 累积换算调整数 cumulative translation adjustment3421 累积换算调整数 cumulative translation adjustments343 未认列为退休金成本之净损失 net loss not recognized as pension cost3431 未认列为退休金成本之净损失 net loss not recognized as pension costs35 库藏股 treasury stock351 库藏股 treasury stock3511 库藏股 treasury stock36 少数股权 minority interest361 少数股权 minority interest3611 少数股权 minority interest4 营业收入 operating revenue 41 销货收入 sales revenue 411 销货收入 sales revenue 4111 销货收入 sales revenue 4112 分期付款销货收入 installment sales revenue 417 销货退回 sales return 4171 销货退回 sales return 419 销货折让 sales allowances 4191 销货折让 sales discounts and allowances 46 劳务收入 service revenue 461 劳务收入 service revenue 4611 劳务收入 service revenue 47 业务收入 agency revenue 471 业务收入 agency revenue 4711 业务收入 agency revenue 48 其它营业收入 other operating revenue 488 其它营业收入-其它 other operating revenue 4888 其它营业收入-其它 other operating revenue - other 5 营业成本 operating costs 51 销货成本 cost of goods sold 511 销货成本 cost of goods sold 5111 销货成本 cost of goods sold 5112 分期付款销货成本 installment cost of goods sold 512 进货 purchases 5121 进货 purchases 5122 进货费用 purchase expenses 5123 进货退出 purchase returns 5124 进货折让 charges on purchased merchandise 513 进料 materials purchased 5131 进料 material purchased 5132 进料费用 charges on purchased material 5133 进料退出 material purchase returns 5134 进料折让 material purchase allowances 514 直接人工 direct labor 5141 直接人工 direct labor 515~518 制造费用 manufacturing overhead 5151 间接人工 indirect labor 5152 租金支出 rent expense, rent 5153 文具用品 office supplies (expense) 5154 旅费 travelling expense, travel 5155 运费 shipping expenses, freight 5156 邮电费 postage (expenses) 5157 修缮费 repair(s) and maintenance (expense ) 5158 包装费 packing expenses 5161 水电瓦斯费 utilities (expense) 5162 保险费 insurance (expense) 5163 加工费 manufacturing overhead - outsourced 5166 税捐 taxes 5168 折旧 depreciation expense 5169 各项耗竭及摊提 various amortization 5172 伙食费 meal (expenses) 5173 职工福利 employee benefits/welfare 5176 训练费 training (expense) 5177 间接材料 indirect materials 5188 其它制造费用 other manufacturing expenses 56 劳务成本制 ervice costs 561 劳务成本 service costs 5611 劳务成本 service costs 57 业务成本 gency costs 571 业务成本 agency costs 5711 业务成本 agency costs 58 其它营业成本 other operating costs 588 其它营业成本-其它 other operating costs-other 5888 其它营业成本-其它 other operating costs - other 6 营业费用 operating expenses 61 推销费用 selling expenses 615~618 推销费用 selling expenses 6151 薪资支出 payroll expense 6152 租金支出 rent expense, rent 6153 文具用品 office supplies (expense) 6154 旅费 travelling expense, travel 6155 运费 shipping expenses, freight 6156 邮电费 postage (expenses) 6157 修缮费 repair(s) and maintenance (expense) 6159 广告费 advertisement expense, advertisement 6161 水电瓦斯费 utilities (expense) 6162 保险费 insurance (expense) 6164 交际费 entertainment (expense) 6165 捐赠 donation (expense) 6166 税捐 taxes 6167 呆帐损失 loss on uncollectible accounts 6168 折旧 depreciation expense 6169 各项耗竭及摊提 various amortization 6172 伙食费 meal (expenses) 6173 职工福利 employee benefits/welfare 6175 佣金支出 commission (expense) 6176 训练费 training (expense) 6188 其它推销费用 other selling expenses 62 管理及总务费用 general & administrative expenses 625~628 管理及总务费用 general & administrative expenses 6251 薪资支出 payroll expense 6252 租金支出 rent expense, rent 6253 文具用品 office supplies 6254 旅费 travelling expense, travel 6255 运费 shipping expenses,freight 6256 邮电费 postage (expenses) 6257 修缮费 repair(s) and maintenance (expense) 6259 广告费 advertisement expense, advertisement 6261 水电瓦斯费 utilities (expense) 6262 保险费 insurance (expense) 6264 交际费 entertainment (expense) 6265 捐赠 donation (expense) 6266 税捐 taxes 6267 呆帐损失 loss on uncollectible accounts 6268 折旧 depreciation expense a6269 各项耗竭及摊提 various amortization 6271 外销损失 loss on export sales 6272 伙食费 meal (expenses) 6273 职工福利 employee benefits/welfare 6274 研究发展费用 research and development expense 6275 佣金支出 commission (expense) 6276 训练费 training (expense) 6278 劳务费 professional service fees 6288 其它管理及总务费用 other general and administrative expenses 63 研究发展费用 research and development expenses 635~638 研究发展费用 research and development expenses 6351 薪资支出 payroll expense 6352 租金支出 rent expense, rent 6353 文具用品 office supplies 6354 旅费 travelling expense, travel 6355 运费 shipping expenses, freight 6356 邮电费 postage (expenses) 6357 修缮费 repair(s) and maintenance (expense) 6361 水电瓦斯费 utilities (expense) 6362 保险费 insurance (expense) 6364 交际费 entertainment (expense) 6366 税捐 taxes 6368 折旧 depreciation expense 6369 各项耗竭及摊提 various amortization 6372 伙食费 meal (expenses) 6373 职工福利 employee benefits/welfare 6376 训练费 training (expense) 6378 其它研究发展费用 other research and development expenses营业外收入及费用 non-operating revenue and expenses, other income(expense)71~74 营业外收入 non-operating&nb。
会计术语中英文对照(2021整理)
本钱会计直接人工本钱差异〔direct labor variance〕直接材料本钱差异〔direct material variance〕在产品计价〔work-in-process costing〕联产品本钱计算〔joint products costing〕生产本钱汇总程序〔accumulation process of procluction cost〕制造费用差异〔manufacturing expenses variance〕实际本钱与估计本钱〔actual cost and estimated cost〕工资费用分配〔salary costs allocation〕本钱曲线〔cost curve〕农业生产本钱〔agriculture production cost〕原始本钱和重置本钱〔original cost and replacement cost〕工程施工本钱直接本钱与间接本钱〔direct cost and indirect cost〕可控本钱〔controllable cost〕制造费用分配〔manufacturing expenses allocation〕理论本钱与应用本钱〔theory cost and practice cost〕辅助生产本钱分配〔auxiliary production cost allocation〕期间,费用本钱控制程序〔procedure of cost control〕本钱记录〔cost entry, cost recorder cost agenda〕本钱计算分批法〔job costing method〕本钱计算分步法直接人工本钱差异〔direct labor variance〕本钱控制方法〔cost control method〕内河运输本钱生产费用要素〔elements of production expenses〕历史本钱与未来本钱〔historical cost and future cost〕可防止本钱与不可防止本钱〔avoidable cost and unavoidable cost〕本钱计算期〔cost period〕平均本钱与个别本钱〔avorage cost and individual cost〕跨期摊提费用分配〔inter-period expenses allocation〕方案本钱〔planned cost〕数量差异〔quantity variance〕燃料费用分配〔fuel expenses allocation〕定额本钱控制制度〔norm cost control system〕定额管理〔management norm〕可递延本钱与不可递延本钱〔deferrable cost and undeferrable cost〕本钱控制标准〔standard of cost control〕副产品本钱计算〔by-product costing〕责任本钱〔responsibility cost〕生产损失核算〔production loss accounting〕生产本钱〔production cost〕预计本钱〔predicted cost〕本钱结构〔cost structure〕房地产开发本钱主要本钱与加工本钱〔prime costs and processing costs〕决策本钱〔cost of decision making〕本钱计算品种法〔category costing method〕在产品本钱〔work-in-process cost〕工厂本钱〔factory cost〕本钱考核〔cost assess 〕制造费用〔manufactruing expenses〕动力费用分配〔power expenses allocation〕趋势分析法〔trend analysis approach〕本钱计算简单法〔simple costing method〕责任本钱层次〔levels of responsibility cost〕比照分析法〔comparative analysis approach〕约当产量比例法〔equivalent units method〕原始记录〔original record〕可比产品本钱分析〔general product cost analysis〕本钱计算方法〔costing method〕本钱计算对象〔costing objective〕本钱计算单位〔costing unit〕本钱方案完成情况分析本钱方案管理体系〔planned management system of cost〕本钱方案〔cost plan〕本钱会计〔cost accounting〕本钱核算原那么〔principle of costing〕本钱核算程序〔cost accounting qrocedures〕本钱核算本钱〔costing account〕本钱核算〔costing〕本钱归集〔cost accumulation〕本钱管理〔cost management〕本钱分析〔cost analysis〕本钱分配〔ocst allocation〕本钱分类账〔cost ledger〕本钱分类〔cost classifiction〕本钱费用界限本钱调整〔cost adjustment〕本钱差异〔cost variance〕本钱报告〔costing report〕本钱〔cost〕车间本钱〔workshop cost〕厂内经济核算制〔internal business accounting system〕厂内结算价格〔internal settlement prices〕产品寿命周期本钱〔product life cycle cost〕产品本钱工程〔cost items of product〕产品本钱技术经济分析产品本钱方案〔the plan of product costs〕产品本钱〔product cost〕初级会计汇总原始凭证〔cumulative source document〕汇总记账凭证核算形式〔bookkeeping procedure using summary ovchers〕工作底稿〔working paper〕复式记账凭证〔mvltiple account titles voucher〕复式记账法〔Double entry bookkeeping〕复合分录〔compound entry〕划线更正法〔correction by drawing a straight ling〕汇总原始凭证〔cumulative source document〕会计凭证〔accounting documents〕会计科目表〔chart of accounts〕会计科目〔account title〕红字更正法〔correction by using red ink〕会计核算形式〔bookkeeping procedures〕过账〔posting〕会计分录〔accounting entry〕会计循环〔accounting cycle〕会计账簿〔Book of accounts〕活页式账簿〔loose-leaf book〕集合分配账户〔clearing accounts〕计价比照账户〔matching accounts〕记账方法〔bookkeeping methods〕记账规那么〔recording rules〕记账凭证〔voucher〕记账凭证核算形式〔Bookkeeping proced ureusing vouchers〕记账凭证汇总表核算形式〔bookkeeping procedure using categorized account summary〕简单分录〔simple entry〕结算账户〔settlement accounts〕结账〔closing account〕结账分录〔closing entry〕借贷记账法〔debit-credit bookkeeping〕通用日记账核算形式〔bookkeeping procedure using general journal〕外来原始凭证〔source document from outside〕现金日记账〔cash journal〕虚账户〔nominal accounts〕序时账簿〔book of chronological entry〕一次凭证〔single-record document〕银行存款日记账〔deposit journal〕永续盘存制〔perpetual inventory system〕原始凭证〔source document〕暂记账户〔suspense accounts〕增减记账法〔increase-decrease bookkeeping〕债权结算账户〔accounts for settlement of claim〕债权债务结算账户〔accounts for settlement of claim and debt〕债务结算账户〔accounts for settlement of debt〕账户〔account〕账户编号〔Account number〕账户对应关系〔debit-credit relationship〕账项调整〔adjustment of account〕专用记账凭证〔special-purpose voucher〕转回分录〔reversing entry〕资金来源账户〔accounts of sources of funds〕资产负债账户〔balance sheet accounts〕转账凭证〔transfer voucher〕资金运用账户〔accounts of applications of funds〕自制原始凭证〔internal source document〕总分类账簿〔general ledger〕总分类账户〔general account〕附加账户〔adjunct accounts〕付款凭证〔payment voucher〕分类账簿〔ledger〕中级会计固定资产〔fixed assets〕利润总额利益分配〔profit distribution〕应计费用〔accrued expense〕商标权〔trademarks and tradenames〕全部履行法净利润〔net income〕应付利润〔profit payable〕未分配利润收益债券〔income bonds〕货币资金利息资本化〔capitalization of interests〕公益金工程物资预付账款〔advance to supplier〕其他应收款〔other receivables〕现金〔cash〕预收账款公司债券发行〔corporate bond floatation〕应付工资〔wages payable〕实收资本〔paid-in capital〕盈余公积〔surplus reserves〕管理费用土地使用权股利〔dividend〕应交税金〔taxes payable〕流动资金负商誉〔negative goodwill〕费用确实认〔recognition of expense〕短期投资〔temporary investment〕专项资产【旧】专有技术〔know-how〕专营权〔franchises〕资本公积〔capital reserves〕资产负债表法资金占用和资金来源[旧]自然资源〔natural resources〕存货〔inventory〕车间经费【旧】偿债基金〔sinking fund〕长期应付款〔long-term payables〕长期投资〔long-term investments〕长期借款〔long-term loans〕长期负债〔long-term liability of long-term debt〕财务费用〔financing expenses〕拨定留存收益〔appropriated retained earnings〕标准本钱法〔standard costing〕变动本钱法〔variable costing〕比例履行法包装物版权〔copyrights〕高级会计期货交易市场〔market of futures transaction〕期货交易〔futures transaction〕举债经营融资租赁〔leveraged lease〕金融工具〔financial instruments〕企业集团〔business qroup〕年度报告〔annual report〕内部往来〔transactions between home office and branches〕合伙企业〔partnership enterprise〕合并资产负债表〔consolidated balance sheet〕合并主体的所得税会计〔accounting for income taxes of consolidated entities〕〔美〕合并现金流量表〔consolidated statement of cash flow〕合并价差〔cost-book value differentials〕合并会计报表〔consolidated financial statements〕购置法〔purchase methed〕企业整体价值〔the value of an enterprise as a whole〕权益结合法〔pooling of interest method〕期内所得税分摊〔intraperiod tax allocation〕〔美〕期末存货的未实现损益〔unrealized profit in ending inventory〕公司间的长期资产业务〔intercompany transactions in long-term assets〕名义货币保全〔maintaining capital in units of money〕基金论〔the fund theory〕功能性货币〔functional currency〕〔美〕汇兑损益〔exchange gains or losses〕合并财务状况变动表〔consolidated statement of changes in financial poition〕合并财务状况变动表〔consolidated statement of changes in financial poition〕换算损益〔translation gains or losses〕举债经营收购〔Leveraged buyouts,简称LBC〕〔美〕母公司持股比例变动〔change in ownership percentage held by parent〕交互分配法〔reciprocal allocation approach〕〔美〕货币项〔monetary items〕合伙清算〔partnership liquidation全面分摊法〔comprehensive allocation〕固定资产投资方向调节税合并费用〔expenses related to combinations〕间接标价法〔indirect quotation〕买入汇率〔buying rate〕期货合约〔futrues contract〕混合合并〔conglomeration〕控投公司〔holding company〕股票指数期货〔stock index futrues〕横向销售〔crosswise sale〕固定汇率〔fixed rate〕纳税影响法〔tax effect method〕记账汇率〔recording rate〕横向合并〔horizontal integration〕合并前股利〔preacquisition dividends〕可变现净值〔net realizable〕企业合并会计〔accounting for business combination〕平仓盈亏〔offset gain and loss〕卖出汇率〔selling rate〕金融期货交易〔financial futures transaction〕会计利润〔accounting income〕合并损益表〔consolidated income statement〕公允价值〔fair value〕期权〔options〕间接控股〔indirect holding〕两笔交易观〔two-transaction opinion〕破产清算〔bankrupcy liquidation〕企业合并〔business combination〕企业论〔the enterprise theory〕商品寄销〔consignment〕个人所得税〔personal income tax〕个人财务报表〔personal financial state-ments〕〔美〕改组方案〔reorganization plan〕〔美〕改组〔reorganization〕复杂权益法〔complex equity method〕附属公司〔associated company〕负权人偿金〔dividend〕浮动汇率〔floating rate〕分支机构会计〔accounting for branch〕推定赎回损益〔constructive gains and losses on bonds〕推定赎回〔constructive retirement〕投机〔spculation〕贴水〔discount〕特定物价指数〔specific price index〕分支机构〔branch〕分期收款销货〔installment sales〕分次清算〔installment liquidation〕分部报告〔segmental reporting〕房地产收入〔real estate revenue〕房地产本钱〔cost of real setate〕房地产〔real estate〕多种汇率法〔multiply exchange rate〕对境外实体的净投资〔net investment in foreign entities〕订量单位：〔units of measurement〕递延法〔deffered method〕当代理论〔contemporary theory〕单一汇率法〔singal method〕退休金〔pension plan〕退休金会计〔accounting for pension plan〕〔美〕退休金给付义务〔pension benefit obligations〕〔美〕外币〔foreign currency〕外币业务〔foreign currency transaction〕吸收合并〔merger〕物价变动会计〔accounting for price changes〕无偿债能力〔insolvency〕完全合并〔full consolidation〕物价指数〔price index〕物价变动〔price changes〕完全应计法〔full accrual method〕物价总指数〔general price index〕外汇期货交易〔foreign exchange frtrues transaction〕下推会计〔push-down accounting〕〔美〕先折算后调整法〔translation-remeasurement method〕现行本钱/稳值货币会计〔current cost/general purchasing power accountin〕现行本钱〔crurent cost〕现行本钱会计〔current cost accounting〕先调整后折算法〔remeasurement-translation method〕销售代理处〔sales agency〕相互持股〔mutual holdings〕相对账户调节〔reconciliation of home office and branch accounts〕新合伙人入伙〔admission of a new parther〕向上销售〔upstream sale〕衍生金融工具〔derivative financial instru-ments〕销售式融资租赁〔sales-type financing lease〕向下销售〔downstream sale〕消费税〔consumer tax〕一笔交易观〔one-transaction opinion〕业主权论〔the proprietorship theory〕一般物价水准会计〔general price level accounting〕一般购置力单位〔units of general purchasing power〕招股说明书〔prospectus〕中间汇率〔middle rate〕中期报告〔interim reporting〕重置本钱〔replacement cost〕转租赁〔subleases〕准改组〔quasi-reorbganization〕〔美〕资本保全〔capital maintenance〕资本化价值〔capitalized value〕资本因素〔capital factor〕资产负债法〔asset/libility method〕存货转让价格〔inventory transfer price〕创立合并〔consolidation〕出租人会计〔accounting for leases-lessor〕持有〔产〕损益〔holding gains losses〕持仓盈亏〔opsition gain and loss〕承租人会计〔accounting for leases-leasee〕本钱回收法〔cost recovery method〕纵向合并〔Vertical integration〕综合变动〔general change〕子公司权益变动〔change in ownership of a subsidiary〕子公司〔subsidiary company〕资源税〔resources tax〕本钱法〔cost method〕财产信托会计〔fiduciary accounting〕〔美〕财产税〔property tax〕局部分摊法〔partial allocation〕不合并子公司〔unconsolidated subsidiaries〕最低退休金负债〔minimum liability〕〔美〕租赁〔leases〕租金〔rents〕企业会计企业财务〔business finance〕期权市场〔option market〕期货市场〔future market〕可转让定期存单市场〔negotiable CDmarket〕货币市场〔money market〕黄金市场〔gold market〕国有独资公司股份〔company limited by shares〕股份两合公司〔limited pactnership〕公司〔company〕二级市场〔security secondary market〕独资企业〔sole proprietorship〕店头市场〔over-the -counter-market〕承兑市场〔acceptance market〕拆借市场〔lending market〕财务制度〔financial regulations〕财务政策〔financial policy〕财务预测〔financial forecast〕财务控制〔financial control〕金融市场〔financial market〕财务决策〔financial decision〕财务监督〔financial cupervision〕财务方案〔financial planning〕财务活动〔financial activities〕财务管理组织〔organization of financial management〕一级市场〔security primary market〕无限责任公司〔company of unlimited liability〕外汇市场〔foreign exchange market〕贴现市场〔dixcount market〕企业组织形式〔forms of enterprise organization〕政府会计企业财务〔business finance〕期权市场〔option market〕期货市场〔future market〕可转让定期存单市场〔negotiable CDmarket〕货币市场〔money market〕黄金市场〔gold market〕国有独资公司股份〔company limited by shares〕股份两合公司〔limited pactnership〕公司〔company〕二级市场〔security secondary market〕独资企业〔sole proprietorship〕店头市场〔over-the -counter-market〕承兑市场〔acceptance market〕拆借市场〔lending market〕财务制度〔financial regulations〕财务政策〔financial policy〕财务预测〔financial forecast〕财务控制〔financial control〕金融市场〔financial market〕财务决策〔financial decision〕财务监督〔financial cupervision〕财务方案〔financial planning〕财务活动〔financial activities〕财务管理组织〔organization of financial management〕一级市场〔security primary market〕无限责任公司〔company of unlimited liability〕外汇市场〔foreign exchange market〕贴现市场〔dixcount market〕企业组织形式〔forms of enterprise organization〕事业单位会计〔accounting for non-profit organizations〕事业单位固定资产〔fixed assets for non-profit organizations〕事业单位固定基金〔fixed funds non-profit organizations〕事业单位负债〔liabilities for non-profit organizations〕事业单位对外投资〔outside investments for non-profit organizations〕事业单位财务清算〔liquidation of non-profit organization〕上缴上级支出〔payment to the higher authority〕上级补助收入〔grant from the higher authority〕其他收入〔miscellaneous gains〕科学事业单位资产〔scientific researc h instifutes’assets〕科学事业单位支出〔scientific research institutes’expenditures〕科学事业单位预算〔scientific research institutes’budgeting〕科学事业单位收入〔scientific research institutes’revenues〕科学事业单位结余〔scientific research institutes’surplus〕科学事业单位会计制度〔accointing regulations for scientific research instifutes〕科学事业单位会计报表分析〔scientific research institutes-analysis of accounting statements〕科学事业单位会计〔sicentific research institute accounting〕科学事业单位本钱费用管理〔scientific research institutes-cost maragement〕科学事业单位财务制度〔financial regulations for scientific research institutes〕经营支出〔orerating expense 〕经营收入〔operating revenue〕基金预算支出〔fund budget expenditure〕基金预算收入〔fund budget revenue〕基金预算结余〔surplus of fund budget〕国家预算〔state budget〕国家决算〔final accounts of state revenue and expenditure〕高等学校资产〔colleges and universities assets〕高等学校支出〔colleges and universities expenditures〕高等学校预算管理方式〔budget management method of colleges and universities〕高等学校收入〔colleges and universities revenues〕专用基金支出〔expenditure on special purpose fund〕专用基金收入〔proceeds from special purpose fund〕专用基金结余〔surplus of special purpose funds〕中华人民共和国预算法〔the budget law of the people’s Republic of China〕资金调拨支出〔expenditure on allocated and transeferred fund〕财政收入〔public finance-revemue〕财政净资产〔public finance-net assets〕财政负债〔public finance-liabilities〕财政补助收入〔grant from the state〕拨入专款〔restricted appropriation〕dsa管理会计政治风险〔political risk〕再开票中心〔reinvoicing center〕现代管理会计专门方法〔special methods of modern management accounting〕现代管理会计〔modern management accounting〕提前与延期支付〔Leads and Lags〕特许权使用管理费〔fees and royalties〕跨国资本本钱的计算〔the cost of capital for foreign lnuertments〕跨国运转资本会计〔multinational working capital management〕跨国经营企业业绩评价〔multinational performance evaluation〕经济风险管理〔managing economic exposure 〕交易风险管理〔managing transaction exposure〕换算风险管理〔managing translation exposure〕国际投资决策会计〔foreign project appraisal〕国际管理会计〔international management〕国际存货管理〔international inventory management〕股利转移〔dividend kemittances〕公司内部贷款〔intercompany loans〕冻结资金转移〔repatriating blocked funds〕冻结资金保值〔maintaining the value of blocked funds〕调整后的净现值〔adjusted net present value〕。
资本市场常见名词
资本市场常见名词1、基金（Fund）：从广义上说,基金是指为了某种目(de)而设立(de)具有一定数量(de)资金.主要包括信托投资基金、公积金、保险基金、退休基金,各种基金会(de)基金.人们平常所说(de)基金主要是指证券投资基金.从会计角度透析,基金是一个狭义概念,意指具有特定目(de)和用途(de)资金.2、公募基金（Public Offering of Fund）：公募基金是受政府主管部门监管(de),向不特定投资者公开发行受益凭证(de)证券投资基金,这些基金在法律(de)严格监管下,有着信息披露,利润分配,运行限制等行业规范.目前国内证券市场上(de)封闭式基金属于公募基金.3、私募基金：是私下或直接向特定群体募集(de)资金.广义(de)私募基金除指证券投资基金外,还包括私募股权基金.在中国金融市场中常说(de)“私募基金”或“地下基金”,往往是指相对于受中国政府主管部门监管(de),向不特定投资人公开发行受益凭证(de)证券投资基金而言,是一种非公开宣传(de),私下向特定投资人募集资金进行(de)一种集合投资.其方式基本有两种,一是基于签订委托投资合同(de)契约型集合投资基金,二是基于共同出资入股成立股份公司(de)公司型集合投资基金.4、私募股权基金：私募股权基金指以非公开方式向少数机构投资者或者个人募集资金,主要向非上市企业进行权益性投资,最终通过被投资企业上市、并购或者管理层回购等方式退出而获利(de)一种投资基金.5、私募股权投资(PE)从投资方式角度来看,是指通过私募形式对私有企业,即非上市企业进行权益性投资,在交易实施过程中附带考虑将来(de)退出机制,通过被投资企业上市、并购或者管理层回购等方式,出售持股获利.有少数PE基金投资已上市公司(de)股权（PIPE）,另外在投资方式有(de)PE投资亦采取债权型投资方式.广义(de)PE为涵盖企业首次公开发行前各阶段(de)权益投资,即对处于种子期、初创期、发展期、扩展期、成熟期和Pre-IPO各个时期企业所进行(de)投资,相关资本按照投资阶段可划分为创业投资、发展资本、并购基金、夹层资本、重振资本,Pre-IPO资本,以及其他如上市后私募投资、不良债权和不动产投资.（以上所述(de)概念也有重合部分）狭义(de)PE主要指对已经形成一定规模(de),并产生稳定现金流(de)成熟企业(de)私募股权投资部分,主要是指创业投资后期(de)私募股权投资部分,而这其中并购基金和夹层资本在资金规模上占最大(de)一部分.在中国PE主要是指这一类投资.6、并购基金：并购基金是专注于对目标企业进行并购(de)基金,其投资手法是,通过收购目标企业股权,获得对目标企业(de)控制权,然后对其进行一定(de)重组改造,持有一定时期后再出售.并购基金与其他类型投资(de)不同表现在,风险投资主要投资于创业型企业,并购基金选择(de)对象是成熟企业；其他私募股权投资对企业控制权无兴趣,而并购基金意在获得目标企业(de)控制权.并购基金经常出现在MBO（管理层收购）和MBI（管理层换购）.7、Pre-IPO基金：是指投资于企业上市之前,或预期企业可近期上市时,其退出方式一般为：企业上市后,从公开资本市场出售股票退出.同投资于种子期、初创期(de)风险投资不同,该基金(de)投资时点在企业规模与盈收已达可上市水平时,甚至企业已经站在股市门口.因此,该基金(de)投资具有风险小,回收快(de)优点,并且在企业股票受到投资者追崇情况下,可以获得较高(de)投资回报.在近几年,在美国、欧洲、香港等资本市场上,已经有基金管理公司专注投资于上市前期企业.规模较大(de)投资基金,如高盛、摩根士丹利等,在其投资组合中,Pre-IPO投资也是重要(de)组成部分.8、QDII基金：QDII是(合格(de)境内机构投资者)(de)首字缩写.它是在一国境内设立,经该国有关部门批准从事境外证券市场(de)股票、债券等有价证券业务(de)证券投资基金.和QFII（Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors）一样,它也是在货币没有实现完全可自由兑换、资本项目尚未开放(de)情况下,有限度地允许境内投资者投资境外证券市场(de)一项过渡性(de)制度安排.9、ETF基金：ETF是Exchange Traded Fund(de)英文缩写,中译为“交易型开放式指数基金”,又称交易所交易基金.ETF是一种在交易所上市交易(de)开放式证券投资基金产品,交易手续与股票完全相同.ETF管理(de)资产是一揽子股票组合,这一组合中(de)股票种类与某一特定指数,如上证50指数,包涵(de)成份股票相同,每只股票(de)数量与该指数(de)成份股构成比例一致,ETF交易价格取决于它拥有(de)一揽子股票(de)价值,即“单位基金资产净值”.ETF(de)投资组合通常完全复制标(de)指数,其净值表现与盯住(de)特定指数高度一致.比如上证50ETF(de)净值表现就与上证50指数(de)涨跌高度一致.10、保险基金：指为了补偿意外灾害事故造成(de)经济损失,或因人身伤亡、丧失工作能力等引起(de)经济需要而建立(de)专用基金.11、风险投资（VC）：广义(de)风险投资泛指一切具有高风险、高潜在收益(de)投资；狭义(de)风险投资是指以高新技术为基础,生产与经营技术密集型产品(de)投资.根据美国全美风险投资协会(de)定义,风险投资是由职业金融家投入到新兴(de)、迅速发展(de)、具有巨大竞争潜力(de)企业中一种权益资本.“风险投资”这一词语及其行为,通常认为起源于美国,是20世纪六七十年代后,一些愿意以高风险换取高回报(de)投资人发明(de),这种投资方式与以往抵押贷款(de)方式有本质上(de)不同.风险投资不需要抵押,也不需要偿还.如果投资成功,投资人将获得几倍、几十倍甚至上百倍(de)回报；如果失败,投进去(de)钱就算打水漂了.对创业者来讲,使用风险投资创业(de)最大好处在于即使失败,也不会背上债务.这样就使得年轻人创业成为可能.总(de)来讲,这几十年来,这种投资方式发展得非常成功.12、种子：没有团队,只有想法,1-2个创始人,要一笔钱.投资额100-300万人民币不等,帮助公司启动.公司估值不会超过1500万人民币. 天使：团队基本有了,大概3-5人,做了一段时间,产品马上要Demo了,可以内部看到.投资额300-600万,估值1500-3000万人民币左右. Pre-A：A轮前最后一轮,产品已经上线,但是还没有太多数据表现,需要融一笔钱支撑团队继续验证.融资额600-1000万元,公司估值3000-5000万元人民币左右.13、A轮：基本产品模型已经跑通,需要资本来继续扩量.融资额1000-3000万元人民币,公司估值5000万-1.5亿人民币左右.14、B轮：产品已经迅速上量,需要验证商业模式,即赚钱(de)能力.这一阶段(de)融资额在1000万-3000万美金之间,公司估值在3-6亿人民币左右.15、C轮：商业模式验证成功,通过资本上量压倒对手,因为已经验证了规模化(de)赚钱能力,所以理论上应该是最后一轮融资.C轮和C轮之后(de)公司估值很难预计,只能用规模化(de)盈利能力作为衡量标准.融资额基本靠谈,靠企业根据自己业务发展预测(de)财务报表进行评估.16、基金：又称为债券型基金,是指专门投资于债券(de)基金,它通过集中众多投资者(de)资金,对债券进行组合投资,寻求较为稳定(de)收益.债券是政府、金融机构、工商企业等机构直接向社会借债筹措资金时,向投资者发行,并且承诺按一定利率支付利息并按约定条件偿还本金(de)债权债务凭证.根据中国证监会对基金类别(de)分类标准,基金80%以上投资于债券(de)为债券基金.债券基金也可以有一小部分资金投资于,另外,投资于可转债和打新股也是债券基金获得收益(de)重要渠道.资产重组：资产重组是指企业资产(de)拥有者、控制者与企业外部(de)经济主体进行(de),对企业资产(de)分布状态进行重新组合、调整、配置(de)过程,或对设在企业资产上(de)权利进行重新配置(de)过程.17、天使投资（AI）：是权益资本投资(de)一种形式,是指富有(de)个人出资协助具有专门技术或独特概念(de)原创项目或小型初创企业,进行一次性(de)前期投资. 天使投资人又被称为生意天使（Business Angel）18、尽职调查（DD）：又称谨慎性调查,一般是指投资人在与目标企业达成初步合作意向后,经协商一致,投资人对目标企业一切与本次投资有关(de)事项进行现场调查、资料分析(de)一系列活动.其主要是在收购（投资）等资本运作活动时进行,但企业上市发行时,也会需要事先进行尽职调查,以初步了解是否具备上市(de)条件.路演（Road show）也有人译做“路游”,是股票承销商帮助发行人安排(de)发行前(de)调研活动.一般来讲,承销商先选择一些呵能销出股票(de)地点,并选择一些可能(de)投资者,主要是机构投资者.然后,带领发行人逐个地点去召开会议,介绍发行人(de)情况.了解投资人(de)投资意向.承销商和发行人通过路演,可以比较客观地决定发行量、发行价及发行时机.19、商业计划书（BP）：商业计划书是公司、企业或项目单位为了达到招商融资和其它发展目标,根据一定(de)格式和内容要求而编辑整理(de)一个向受众全面展示公司和项目目前状况、未来发展潜力(de)书面材料.20、招股说明书(prospectus)：简称招股书,是股份有限公司发行股票时,就发行中(de)有关事项向公众作出披露,并向非特定投资人提出购买或销售其股票(de)性文件.说明公司(de)有关事宜,指导公众购买公司股份(de)规范性文件.公司首次,必须制作招股说明书.21、基金(de)基金（FoF）：是一种专门投资于其他(de).FoF并不直接投资或,其投资范围仅限于,通过持有其他证券投资基金而间接持有股票、债券等资产,它是结合基金产品创新和创新(de)基金新品种.22、基金管理人：基金管理人是指具有专业(de)投资知识与经验,根据法律、法规及基金章程或基金契约(de)规定,经营管理基金资产,谋求基金资产(de)不断增值,以使基金持有人收益最大化(de)机构.23、基金托管人：基金托管人是投资人权益(de)代表,是基金资产(de)名义持有人或管理机构.为了保证基金资产(de)安全,按照资产管理和资产保管分开(de)原则运作基金,基金设有专门(de)基金托管人保管基金资产.24、投资银行（Investment Banking）：投行.一般投行负责(de)都是帮助企业上市,从上市融资后获得(de)金钱中收取手续费.（常见(de)是8％,但不是固定价格）一般被投行选定(de)企业,只要不发生什么意外,都是可以在未来一年内进行上市(de).25、股指：是股票价格指数简称,股票价格指数即股票指数.是由证券交易所或金融服务机构编制(de)表明股票行市变动(de)一种供参考(de)指示数字.26、IPO：首次公开募股是指一家企业或公司（股份有限公司）第一次将它(de)股份向公众出售（首次公开发行,指股份公司首次向社会公众公开招股(de)发行方式）.通常,上市公司(de)股份是根据相应证监会出具(de)招股书或登记声明中约定(de)条款通过经纪商或做市商进行销售.一般来说,一旦首次公开上市完成后,这家公司就可以申请到证券交易所或报价系统挂牌交易.27、主板：主板市场也称为一板市场,指传统意义上(de)证券市场（通常指股票市场）,是一个国家或地区证券发行、上市及交易(de)主要场所.主板市场对发行人(de)营业期限、股本大小、盈利水平、最低市值等方面(de)要求标准较高,上市企业多为大型成熟企业,具有较大(de)资本规模以及稳定(de)盈利能力.28、中小板：即,是指大约1亿以下(de),是相对于而言(de),有些企业(de)条件达不到主板市场(de)要求,所以只能在上市.中小板市场是(de)一种过渡,在中国(de)中小板(de)市场代码是002开头(de).29、创业板：又称二板市场（Second-board Market）即第二股票交易市场,是与主板市场（Main-Board Market）不同(de)一类证券市场,专为暂时无法在主板上市(de)创业型企业、中小企业和高科技产业企业等需要进行融资和发展(de)企业提供融资途径和成长空间(de)证券交易市场,是对主板市场(de)重要补充,在资本市场有着重要(de)位置.在中国(de)创业板(de)市场代码是300开头(de).30、新三板：新三板,就是为了和过去(de)三板区分,目前指允许合格(de)中小企业挂牌交易(de)全国股份转让系统,即“北交所”.31、蓝筹股：在所属行业内占有重要支配性地位,业绩优良,成交活跃,红利优厚(de)大公司股票被称为蓝筹股."蓝筹"一词源于西方赌场,在西方赌场中,有三种颜色(de)筹码,其中蓝色筹码最为值钱.32、绩优股：绩优股就是业绩优良公司(de)股票,但对于绩优股(de)定义国内外却有所不同.在我国,投资者衡量绩优股(de)主要指标是每股税后利润和净资产收益率.一般而言,每股税后利润在全体上市公司中处于中上地位,公司上市后净资产收益率连续三年显着超过10%(de)股票当属绩优股之列33、A股：正式名称是人民币普通股票.它是由我同境内(de)公司发行,供境内机构,组织或个人(不含台,港,澳投资者)以人民币认购和交易(de)普通股股票.34、B股：正式名称是人民币特种股票,它是以人民币标明面值,以外币认购和买卖,在境内(上海,深圳)证券交易所上市交易(de).它(de)投资人限于:外国(de)自然人,法人和其他组织,香港,澳门,台湾地区(de)自然人,法人和其他组织,定居在国外(de)中国公民.中国证监会规定(de)其他投资人.35、H股,N股,s股：H股,即注册地在内地,上市地在香港(de)外资股.香港(de)英文是HOngKOng,取其字首,在港上市外资股就叫做H股.依此类推,纽约(de)第一个英文字母是N,新加坡(de)第一个英文字母是S纽约和新加坡上市(de)股票就分别叫做N股和s股.36、定向增发：定向增发是指该公司要发行(de)股票是向特定(de)“机构”或它原来(de)大股东发行,而不对持有它公司股票(de)”一般股民“发行,这些股民不要再掏钱,故股民一般表示欢迎.因为,公司再融资后,资金充裕了,就有发展后劲：“特定机构”要买这种公司(de)股票,说明他(她)们看好这家公司(de)发展前景.37、股东权益：股东权益又称净资产,是指公司总资产中扣除负债所余下(de)部分.股东权益包括以下五部分:一是股本,即按照面值计算(de)股本金.二是资本公积.包括股票发行溢价,法定财产重估增值, 接受捐赠资产价值.三是盈余公积,又分为法定盈余公积和任意盈余公积.法定盈余公积按公司税后利润(de)10%强制提取.目(de)是为了应付经营风险.当法定盈余公积累计额已达注册资本(de)50%时可不再提取.四是法定公益金,按税后利润(de)5%一10%提取.用于公司福利设施支出.五是未分配利润,指公司留待以后年度分配(de)利润或待分配利润 .38、股东权益比率：股东权益比率是股东权益对总资产(de)比率.股东权益比率应当适中.如果权益比率过小,表明企业过度负债,容易削弱公司抵御外部冲击(de)能力而权益比率过大.意味着企业没有积极地利用财务杠杆作用来扩大经营规模.39、折价发行：折价发行是指以低于面额(de)价格出售新股,即按面额打一定折扣后发行股票.在我国,中华人民共和国公司法第一百三十一条明确规定,"股票发行价格可以按票面金额,也可以超过票面金额,但不得低于票面金额.40、股票市价总值：对一家上市公司来说,它(de)股票市场价格乘以发行(de)总股数.即为该公司在市场上(de)价值,也就是公司(de)市价总值.把所有上市公司(de)市值加总,就可得出整个股票市场(de)市价总值.41、流通市值：我国股票市场上公司(de)国有股和法人股还不能在证券交易所上市流通,真正在市场上流通(de)股票只是发行股本(de)一部分、称为流通股本,把这一部分股本(de)数量乘上股价,就得到公司在股市上(de)流通市值.42、转增股本：转增股本则是指公司将资本公积转化为股本,转增股本并没有改变股东(de)权益.但却增加了股本规模,因而客观结果与送红股相似.转增股本和送红股(de)本质区别在于,红股来自于公司(de)年度税后利润、只有在公司有盈余(de)情况下,才能向股东送红股：而转增股本却来自于资本公积,它可以下受公司本年度可分配利润(de)多少及时间(de)限制,只要将公司账面上(de)资本公积减少一些、增加相应(de)注册资本金就可以了,因此从严格意义上来说,转增股本并不是对股东(de)分红回报.43、做市商(market maker)：是指在证券市场上,由具备一定实力和信誉(de)证券经营法人作为特许交易商,不断地向公众投资者报出某些特定证券(de)买卖价格（即双向报价）,并在该价位上接受公众投资者(de)买卖要求,以其自有资金和证券与投资者进行证券交易.做市商通过这种不断买卖来维持市场(de)流动性,满足公众投资者(de)投资需求.44、承销：当一家发行人通过证券市场筹集资金时,就要聘请证券经营机构来帮助它销售证券.证券经营机构惜助自己在证券市场上(de)信誉和营业网点,在规定(de)发行有效期限内将证券销售出去,这一过程称为承销.根据证券经营机构在承销过程中承担(de)责任和风险(de)不同,承销又可分为代销和包销两种形式.45、包销：包销是指发行人与承销机构签订合同,由承销机构买下全部或销侍剩余部分(de)证券,承担全部销售风险.46、代销：代销是指证券发行人委托承担承销业务(de)证券经营机构（又称为承销机构或承销商）代为向投资者销售证券.承销商按照规定(de)发行条件.在约定(de)期限内尽力推销,到销售截止日期,证券如果没有全部售出、那么未侍出部分退还给发行人,承销商不承担任何发行风险.47、老股转让：老股转让是指发行人首次公开发行新股时,公司股东将其持有(de)股份以公开发行方式一并向投资者发售(de)行为.48、买壳上市：是指一些非上市公司通过收购一些业绩较差.筹资能力弱化(de)上中公司,剥离被购公司资产,注入自己(de)资产,从而实现间接上市(de)目(de).借壳上市：借壳上市是指上中公司(de)母公司(集团公司)通过将主要资产注入到上市(de)子公司中,来实现母公司(de)上市.49、除权：由于公司股本增加,每股股票所代表(de)企业实际价值（每股净资产）有所减少,需要在发生该事实之后从股票市场价格中剔除这部分因素.送股除权基准价＝股权登记日收盘价÷（１＋每股送股比例）配股除权基准价＝（股权登记日收盘价＋配股价×配股比例）÷（１＋每股配股比例）50、除息：由于公司向股东分配红利,每股股票所代表(de)企业实际价值（每股净资产）有所减少,需要在发生该事实之后从股票市场价格中剔除这部分因素.51、关联交易：关联交易就是企业关联方之间(de)交易.根据财政部1997年5月22日颁布(de)企业会计准则——关联方关系及其交易(de)披露(de)规定、在企业财务和经营决策中.如果一方有能力直接或间接控制,共同拧制另一方或对另一方施加重大影响,则视其为关联方；如果两方或多方受同一方控制,也将具视为关联方.凡以上关联方之间发生转移资源或义务(de)事项,不论是否收取价款,均破视为关联交易.52、市盈率（PE）：市盈率又称股份收益比率或本益比,是股票市价与其每股收益(de)比值,计算公式是：市盈率=当前每股市场价格/每股税后利润.53、市净率（PB）：是股票市价与每股净资产(de)比值,市净率=股票市价/每股净资产.54、金融衍生工具：通常是指从原生资产（Underlying Asserts）派生出来(de)金融工具.由于许多金融衍生产品交易在资产负债表上没有相应科目,因而也被称为“资产负债表外交易（简称表外交易）”.根据产品形态,可以分为远期、期货、期权和掉期四大类.55、期权合约：期权(de)买方向卖方支付一定数额(de)权利金后,就获得这种权利,即拥有在一定时间内以一定(de)价格（执行价格〕出售或购买一定数量(de)标(de)物（实物商品、证券或期货合约）(de)权利.56、期货合约：期货合约指由期货交易所统一制订(de)、规定在将来某一特定(de)时间和地点交割一定数量和质量实物商品或金融商品(de)标准化合约.57、商品期货：商品期货是指标(de)物为实物商品(de)期货合约.商品期货历史悠久,种类繁多,主要包括农副产品、金属产品、能源产品等几大类.58、金融期货：指以金融工具为标(de)物(de)期货合约.金融期货作为期货交易中(de)一种,具有期货交易(de)一般特点,但与商品期货相比较,其合约标(de)物不是实物商品,而是传统(de)金融商品.59、地方政府债券：不少国家中有财政收入(de)地方政府及地方公共机构也发行债券,它们发行(de)债券你为地方政府债券.地方政府债券一般用于交通、通讯、住宅、教育、医院和污水处理系统等地方性公共设施(de)建设.地方政府债券一般也是以当地政府(de)税收能力作为还本付息(de)担保.60、信贷：信贷是体现一定经济关系(de)不同所有者之间(de)货币借贷行为.广义(de)信贷是指金融机构存款、贷款、结算(de)总称.狭义(de)信贷一般指银行或信用社(de)贷款.信贷不是指信用贷款.61、信托：信托（Trust）是一种理财方式,是一种特殊(de)财产管理制度和法律行为,同时又是一种金融制度.信托与银行、保险、证券一起构成了现代金融体系.信托业务是一种以信用为基础(de)法律行为,一般涉及到三方面当事人,即投入信用(de)委托人,受信于人(de)受托人,以及受益于人(de)受益人.62、劣后：劣后与优先是一对孪生兄弟,这是在金融产品中非常常见(de)一种风险/收益安排.一般来说,从收益来说,优先级会保有相对确定且封顶(de)预期收益率；而劣后级没有确定(de)收益率目标,在最简单(de)优先/劣后结构中,支付完优先级(de)收益之后,产品投资所产生(de)一切剩余收益都归属于劣后级.当投资发生损失时,首先由劣后级吸收,如果劣后级被完全损失,才会损失到优先级.因此,从风险(de)角度来看,劣后级代表了风险最高(de)那一份,而优先级则是相对低风险(de)那一份.总结来说,优先/劣后结构里面,投资(de)风险/收益被重新分配,变身成为风险较低但是收益确定(de)优先级,以及风险较高但是收益较高(de)劣后级.63、P2P金融：P2P金融又叫P2P信贷.其中,P2P是 peer-to-peer 或person-to-person (de)简写,意思是：个人对个人.P2P金融指个人与个人间(de)小额借贷交易,一般需要借助电子商务专业网络平台帮助借贷双方。
部分常用英文简称解释
1、EVA—经济附加值（Economic Value Added），公司每年创造的经济增加值等于税后净营业利润与全部资本成本之间的差额。
其中资本成本包括债务资本的成本，也包括股本资本的成本。
EVA等于税后经营利润减去债务和股本成本，是所有成本被扣除后的剩余收入（Residual income）。
2、ERP—企业资源计划（Enterprise Resource Planning），是指建立在信息技术基础上，以系统化的管理思想，为企业决策层及员工提供决策运行手段的管理平台。
3、COD—化学耗氧量（chemical oxygen demand），是一种常用的评价水体污染程度的综合性指标。
指利用化学氧化剂（如重铬酸钾）将水中的还原性物质（如有机物）氧化分解所消耗的氧量。
它反映了水体受到还原性物质污染的程度。
由于有机物是水体中最常见的还原性物质，因此，COD 在一定程度上反映了水体受到有机物污染的程度。
CNG—压缩天然气（Compressed Natural Gas），是天然气加压(超过3,600磅/平方英寸)并以气态储存在容器中。
它与管道天然气的组分相同。
4、HSE—健康（Health）、安全（Safety）和环境（Environment）管理体系的简称，HSE管理体系是将组织实施健康、安全与环境管理的组织机构、职责、做法、程序、过程和资源等要素有机构成的整体，这些要素通过先进、科学、系统的运行模式有机地融合在一起，相互关联、相互作用，形成动态管理体系。
5、CPI—消费者物价指数（Consumer Price Index），是反映与居民生活有关的产品及劳务价格统计出来的物价变动指标，通常作为观察通货膨胀水平的重要指标。
6、GDP—国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product），是对一国（地区）经济在核算期内所有常住单位生产的最终产品总量的度量，常常被看成显示一个国家（地区）经济状况的一个重要指标。
(财务会计)会计术语中英文对照
成本核算程序（cost accounting qrocedures）
成本核算成本（costing account）
成本核算（costing）
成本归集（cost accumulation）
成本管理（cost management）
成本分析（cost analysis）
成本结构（cost structure）
房地产开发成本
主要成本与加工成本（prime costs and processing costs）
决策成本（cost of decision making）
成本计算品种法（category costing method）
在产品成本（work-in-process cost）
公益金
工程物资
预付账款（advance to supplier）
其他应收款（other receivables）
现金（cash）
预收账款
公司债券发行（corporate bond floatation）
应付工资（wages payable）
实收资本（paid-in capital）
盈余公积（surplus reserves）
成本分配（ocst allocation）
成本分类账（cost ledger）
成本分类（cost classifiction）
成本费用界限
成本调整（cost adjustment）
成本差异（cost variance）
成本报告（costing report）
成本（cost）
车间成本（workshop cost）
复式记账凭证（mvltiple account titles voucher）
会计科目英文缩写
一、企业财务会计报表封面FINANCIAL REPORT COVER报表所属期间之期末时间点Period Ended所属月份Reporting Period报出日期Submit Date记账本位币币种Local Reporting Currency审核人Verifier填表人Preparer记账符号DR:debit record (借记)CR:credit recrod(贷记)二、资产负债表Balance Sheet资产Assets流动资产Current Assets货币资金Bank and Cash短期投资Current Investment一年内到期委托贷款Entrusted loan receivable due within one year减：一年内到期委托贷款减值准备Less: Impairment for Entrusted loan receivable due within one year 减：短期投资跌价准备Less: Impairment for current investment短期投资净额Net bal of current investment应收票据Notes receivable应收股利Dividend receivable应收利息Interest receivable应收账款Account receivable减：应收账款坏账准备Less: Bad debt provision for Account receivable 应收账款净额Net bal of Account receivable其他应收款Other receivable减：其他应收款坏账准备Less: Bad debt provision for Other receivable 其他应收款净额Net bal of Other receivable预付账款Prepayment应收补贴款Subsidy receivable存货Inventory减：存货跌价准备Less: Provision for Inventory存货净额Net bal of Inventory已完工尚未结算款Amount due from customer for contract work待摊费用Deferred Expense一年内到期的长期债权投资Long-term debt investment due within one year 一年内到期的应收融资租赁款Finance lease receivables due within one year 其他流动资产Other current assets流动资产合计Total current assets长期投资Long-term investment长期股权投资Long-term equity investment委托贷款Entrusted loan receivable长期债权投资Long-term debt investment长期投资合计Total for long-term investment减：长期股权投资减值准备Less: Impairment for long-term equity investment 减：长期债权投资减值准备Less: Impairment for long-term debt investment减：委托贷款减值准备Less: Provision for entrusted loan receivable 长期投资净额Net bal of long-term investment其中：合并价差Include: Goodwill (Negative goodwill)固定资产Fixed assets固定资产原值Cost减：累计折旧Less: Accumulated Depreciation固定资产净值Net bal减：固定资产减值准备Less: Impairment for fixed assets固定资产净额NBV of fixed assets工程物资Material holds for construction of fixed assets在建工程Construction in progress减：在建工程减值准备Less: Impairment for construction in progress 在建工程净额Net bal of construction in progress固定资产清理Fixed assets to be disposed of固定资产合计Total fixed assets无形资产及其他资产Other assets & Intangible assets无形资产Intangible assets减：无形资产减值准备Less: Impairment for intangible assets无形资产净额Net bal of intangible assets长期待摊费用Long-term deferred expense融资租赁——未担保余值Finance lease –Unguaranteed residual values 融资租赁——应收融资租赁款Finance lease –Receivables其他长期资产Other non-current assets无形及其他长期资产合计Total other assets & intangible assets递延税项Deferred Tax递延税款借项Deferred Tax assets资产总计Total assets负债及所有者（或股东）权益Liability & Equity流动负债Current liability短期借款Short-term loans应付票据Notes payable应付账款Accounts payable已结算尚未完工款预收账款Advance from customers应付工资Payroll payable应付福利费Welfare payable应付股利Dividend payable应交税金Taxes payable其他应交款Other fees payable其他应付款Other payable预提费用Accrued Expense预计负债Provision递延收益Deferred Revenue一年内到期的长期负债Long-term liability due within one year 其他流动负债Other current liability流动负债合计Total current liability长期负债Long-term liability长期借款Long-term loans应付债券Bonds payable长期应付款Long-term payable专项应付款Grants & Subsidies received其他长期负债Other long-term liability长期负债合计Total long-term liability递延税项Deferred Tax递延税款贷项Deferred Tax liabilities负债合计Total liability少数股东权益Minority interests所有者权益（或股东权益）Owners’Equity实收资本（或股本）Paid in capital减；已归还投资Less: Capital redemption实收资本（或股本）净额Net bal of Paid in capital资本公积Capital Reserves盈余公积Surplus Reserves其中：法定公益金Include: Statutory reserves未确认投资损失Unrealised investment losses未分配利润Retained profits after appropriation其中：本年利润Include: Profits for the year外币报表折算差额Translation reserve所有者（或股东）权益合计Total Equity负债及所有者（或股东）权益合计Total Liability & Equity 三、利润及利润分配表Income statement and profit appropriation一）、主营业务收入Revenue减：主营业务成本Less: Cost of Sales主营业务税金及附加Sales Tax二）、主营业务利润（亏损以“—”填列）Gross Profit ( - means loss) 加：其他业务收入Add: Other operating income减：其他业务支出Less: Other operating expense减：营业费用Selling & Distribution expense管理费用G&A expense财务费用Finance expense三）、营业利润（亏损以“—”填列）Profit from operation ( - means loss) 加：投资收益（亏损以“—”填列）Add: Investment income 补贴收入Subsidy Income营业外收入Non-operating income减：营业外支出Less: Non-operating expense四、利润总额（亏损总额以“—”填列）Profit before Tax减：所得税Less: Income tax少数股东损益Minority interest加：未确认投资损失Add: Unrealised investment losses五、净利润（净亏损以“—”填列）Net profit ( - means loss)加：年初未分配利润Add: Retained profits其他转入Other transfer-in六、可供分配的利润Profit available for distribution( - means loss)减：提取法定盈余公积Less: Appropriation of statutory surplus reserves提取法定公益金Appropriation of statutory welfare fund提取职工奖励及福利基金Appropriation of staff incentive and welfare fund提取储备基金Appropriation of reserve fund提取企业发展基金Appropriation of enterprise expansion fund利润归还投资Capital redemption七、可供投资者分配的利润Profit available for owners' distribution减：应付优先股股利Less: Appropriation of preference share's dividend提取任意盈余公积Appropriation of discretionary surplus reserve应付普通股股利Appropriation of ordinary share's dividend转作资本（或股本）的普通股股利Transfer from ordinary share's dividend to paid in capital八、未分配利润Retained profit after appropriation补充资料：Supplementary Information:1．出售、处置部门或被投资单位收益Gains on disposal of operating divisions or investments2．自然灾害发生损失Losses from natural disaster3．会计政策变更增加（或减少）利润总额Increase (decrease) in profit due to changes in accounting policies 4．会计估计变更增加（或减少）利润总额Increase (decrease) in profit due to changes in accounting estimates 5．债务重组损失Losses from debt restructuring。
相关财务英文全称及缩写
相关财务指标英文缩写PE：市盈率（Price to Earning Ratio，简称PE或P/E Ratio) ,也称本益比“股价收益比率”或“市价盈利比率（简称市盈率）”。
PE ＝股价（PRICE） / 每股净利（EARNING PER SHARE）PB称为市净率，也就是市价除以每股净资产；平均市净率=股价/账面价值。
其中，账面价值=总资产-无形资产-负债-优先股权益。
可以看出，所谓账面价值是公司解散清算的价值。
如果公司要清算，那么先要还债，无形资产则将不复存在，而优先股的优先权之一就是清算的时候先分钱，但是本股市没有优先股。
这样，用每股净资产来代替账面价值，则PB就是大家理解的市净率，即：PB（市净率）=股价/每股净资Ebit：息税前利润Ebitda：税息折旧及摊销前利润EBITDA=营业利润（EBIT）+ 折旧费用+ 摊销费用ROA：英文全称：Return On Assets资产收益率公式：资产收益率(ROA)=税后净收入/总资产ROE英文全称：Rate of Return on Common Stockholders’ Equity （ReturnOn Equity）净资产收益率ROE=净利润/股东权益=净利润/销售收入*销售收入/资产*资产/股东权益可写为：股东权益收益率=销售利润率*资产周转率*财务杠杆（财务杠杆指权益乘数，即资产/权益）COE：为股权成本率；COE的计算公式为：无风险收益率＋市场风险溢价×贝它值。
PE/G是预期市盈率，市盈率与业绩增长率之比”也就是市价除以今年预期每股收益。
因为当前只能知道上一年的每股收益，所以今年预期每股收益可能不同的研究员预期的不一样，相应的PE/G也就不一样。
但PB、PE是不会不一样的。
EPS是指每股收益。
每股收益又称每股税后利润、每股盈余，是分析每股价值的一个基础性指标。
传统的每股收益指标计算公式为：每股收益＝期末净利润÷期末总股本。
相关财务英文全称及缩写
相关财务指标英文缩写PE：市盈率（Price to Earning Ratio，简称PE或P/E Ratio) ,也称本益比“股价收益比率”或“市价盈利比率（简称市盈率）”。
PE ＝股价（PRICE） / 每股净利（EARNING PER SHARE）PB称为市净率，也就是市价除以每股净资产；平均市净率=股价/账面价值。
其中，账面价值=总资产-无形资产-负债-优先股权益。
可以看出，所谓账面价值是公司解散清算的价值。
如果公司要清算，那么先要还债，无形资产则将不复存在，而优先股的优先权之一就是清算的时候先分钱，但是本股市没有优先股。
这样，用每股净资产来代替账面价值，则PB就是大家理解的市净率，即：PB（市净率）=股价/每股净资Ebit：息税前利润Ebitda：税息折旧及摊销前利润EBITDA=营业利润（EBIT）+ 折旧费用+ 摊销费用ROA：英文全称：Return On Assets资产收益率公式：资产收益率(ROA)=税后净收入/总资产ROE英文全称：Rate of Return on Common Stockholders’ Equity （ReturnOn Equity）净资产收益率ROE=净利润/股东权益=净利润/销售收入*销售收入/资产*资产/股东权益可写为：股东权益收益率=销售利润率*资产周转率*财务杠杆（财务杠杆指权益乘数，即资产/权益）COE：为股权成本率；COE的计算公式为：无风险收益率＋市场风险溢价×贝它值。
PE/G是预期市盈率，市盈率与业绩增长率之比”也就是市价除以今年预期每股收益。
因为当前只能知道上一年的每股收益，所以今年预期每股收益可能不同的研究员预期的不一样，相应的PE/G也就不一样。
但PB、PE是不会不一样的。
EPS是指每股收益。
每股收益又称每股税后利润、每股盈余，是分析每股价值的一个基础性指标。
传统的每股收益指标计算公式为：每股收益＝期末净利润÷期末总股本。
资本市场场外产品分类英文缩写、信息分类标准文件名称、标识符、模式定义文件名称列表
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19
JR/T ×××××—××××
17
JR/T ×××××—××××
附录C （规范性附录） 分类标准模式定义文件名称列表
C.1 分类标准模式定义文件名称列表
分类标准框架
分类标准中文名称
链接库类型
场外产品信息文 核心模式文件
模式文件
件
通用元素类型定义模式
文件
标签链接库文件
标签链接库
私募基金入口文件
入口文件
规范性附录场外产品分类英文缩写a1场外产品分类英文缩写及全称场外产品分类名称英文缩写及全称收益凭证elnequitylinkednote非公开发行公司债券npocbnonpublicofferingcorporatebonds资产支持证券absassetbackedsecurities理财产品wipwealthinvestmentproduct私募基金pofprivatelyofferedfund私募股权peprivateequity衍生品dderivatives其他场外产品othersjrt规范性附录场外产品信息分类标准文件名称标识符b1场外产品信息分类标准文件名称标识符分类标准中文文件名称分类标准英文名称缩写分类标准标识符备注核心模式文件coreotccore通用元素类型定义模式文件commonotccommon标签链接库文件labelotclabel计算链接库文件calotccal参考链接库文件refotcref私募基金入口文件pofpofentrypoint私募股权入口文件pepeentrypoint理财产品入口文件wipwipentrypoint资产支持证券入口文件absabsentrypoint收益凭证入口文件elnelnentrypoint非公开发行公司债券入口文件npocbnpocbentrypoint衍生品入口文件dentrypoint其他场外产品入口文件othersothersentrypoint私募基金列报链接库pofpofpresentation私募股权列报链接库pepepresentation理财产品列报链接库wipwippresentation资产支持证券列报链接库absabspresentation收益凭证列报链接库elnelnpresentation非公开发行公司债券列报链接库npocbnpocbpresentation衍生品列报链接库dpresentation其他场外产品列报链接库othersotherspresentation私募基金计算链接库pofpofcaculation私募股权计算链接库pepecaculation理财产品计算链接库wipwipcaculation资产支持证券计算链接库absabscaculation收益凭证计算链接库elnelncaculation非公开发行公司债券计算链接库npocbnpocbcaculation衍生品计算链接库dcaculation其
常用证券业务名词中英文对照
常用证券业务名词中英文对照ADR（American Depositary Receipt ）美国存托凭证存托凭证（Depository Receipts,简称DR），又称存券收据或存股证．是指在一国证券市场流通的代表外国某一有价证券的可转让凭证，属公司融资业务范畴的金融衍生丁具。
美同存托凭证（ADR）是面向美国投资者发行并在美国证券市场交易的存托凭证。
Block trading 大宗交易所谓大宗交易，是指证券单笔买卖申报达到交易所规定的数额规模时，交易所采用的与通常交易方式不同的交易方式。
而所谓与通常交易方式不同的交易方式，即在证券交易过程中，不采用实行价格优先、时间优先的集中竞价交易原则，而以协商一致作为达成大宗交易的手段。
Capital appreciation funds 资本增值型基金寻求最大限度的资本增值，红利不是主要目标。
包括积极成长型基金、成长型基金、部门基金等。
CEPA（Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement）内地和香港关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排CEPA是适应近年来香港经济结构调整和经济转型的迫切需要，中央政府支持香港经济发展的又一重大举措，CEPA主要内容有两点：一是零关税政策，内地将自2004年1月1日起，对原产香港进口金额较大的273个税目的产品实行零关税。
内地将不迟于2006年1月1日对以上273种以外原产香港的进口货物实行零关税，但须事先由特区政府核定产品确实在港生产，并由双方核定产品清单和确定原产地标准；二是内地向香港进一步开放服务业，包括医疗、金融、零售、法律、运输、影视等诸多行业，在部分行业，基本上将港资视同为内资，比如说货代业务就比照内资企业运作。
CDR（Chinese Depositary Receipt）中国预托证券CDR是境外注册并上市的公司在中国内地上市集资的一种方式，投资者购买后就相当于购买了该上市公司的股票。
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cap
Capitalization market capitalization
市值
公司资产的市场价值。按市场 价格计算出来的股票 总价值。 一家上 市公司每股股票的价格乘以 发行总股数即为这家公司的市 值，整个股 市上所有上市公司的市 值总 和，即为股票总市值。
CEO
Chief Executive Officer
BOT
Build－Operate－Transfer
基础设施特许权
建设－经营－转让。BOT实质上是基 础设施投资、建设和经营的一 种方式，以政府和私人机构之 间达成协议为 前提，由政府向私人机构 颁布特许，允许其在一定 时期内筹集 资金建设某一基础设施并管理和 经营该设施及其相应的产品与服务。BOT经历了数百年的 发展，为了 适应不同的条件，衍生出 许多变种，例如
首席执行官
企业负责日常经营管理的最高 级管理人员，又称作行政总裁（香港和 东 南亚的称呼）或最高执行长（日本的称呼）或大班（香港称呼） 。除此 之外的称谓还有“首席财务官”CFO（Chief finance officer）；“人事总监”CHO（Chief Human resource officer）；“首席营运官 ”COO（chief Operation officer）；“首席技术官”CTO（chief Technology officer）；“销售总监”CSO（chief Sales officer）；“开发总监 ”CDO（chief Development
资本业务名词英文简称
英文简称
英文原名
中文名称
解释
BT
Build－Transfer
建设－移交
建设－移交。是政府利用非政府资 金来进行基础非经营 性设施建设项 目的一种融 资模式。BT模式是BOT模式的一种 变换形式，指一个 项目的运作通 过项目公司总承包，融资、建设验 收合格后移交 给业主， 业主向投资方支付项目总投资加上合理回 报的过程。目前采用BT模 式筹集建 设资gineering-Procurement
Construction
设计 －采 购－施 工
指交钥匙工程总承包，对一个工程负责进行“工程设计、设备 采购、主 持和建 设施工”，与通常所说的工程总承包含 义相似。即工程总 承包企 业按照合同 约定，承担工程项目的设计、采购、施工、试 运行服务等工 作，并对承包工程的 质量、安全、工期、造价全面负责。EPC与DBB(即Design-Bid-Build Method，设计－招标－建造模式，最传统的
ECFA
Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
海峡两岸 经济合 作框架 协议
2010年6月29日签署。
EMC
Energy Managementcontract
合同能源管理
EMC是EMC公司通过与客户签订节 能服务合同，为客户提供包括能 源审计、项目设计、项 目融资、设备采购、工程施工、设备 安装调试、 人员培训、节能量确认和保证等一整套的 节能服务，并从客户进行节 能改造后 获得的节能效益中收回投 资和取得利润的一种商 业运作模式。EMC公司服务的客户不需要承担 节能实施的资金、技术 及风险， 并且可以更快的降低能源成本， 获得实施节 能后带来的收益，并可以 获取EMC公司提供的 设备。这是70年代在西方 发达国家开始 发展 起来一种基于市 场运作的全新的 节能新机制。它不是推销产 品或技 术， 而是推销一种减少能源成本的 财务管理方法或 节能投资服务管理；EMC公司与客 户在节能见效后共同分享双嬴 节能成果。基于这 种机 制运作、以赢 利为直接目的的专业化“节能服务公司”(国外称ESCO，国内称EMC公司)成为 一种新兴的节能产业。
EPS
EarningsPer Share
每股盈余
普通股每股税后利 润，为公司 获利能力的最后 结果，表示公司是否具 有某种较佳的能力——产品行销、技术能力、管理能力等等，使得公 司可以用 较少的资源创造出较高的获利。EPS=盈余/流通在外股数。
officer)；“首席谈判官”CNO(chief Negotiation officer)；“公关总监”CPO(chief Public relation officer)等。
CEPA
Closer Economic Partnership
Arrangement
关于建立更 紧密 经贸关系的安排
包括中央政府与香港特区政府2003年6月29日签署的《内地与香港 关于建立更 紧密经贸关系的安排》、中央政府与澳门 特区政府2003年10月17日签署的《内地与澳门 关于建立更 紧密经贸关系的安排》。
一种工程项目管理模式）和DB模式的明 显区别在E（Engineer）和D（Design）上，一般说来，Engineering指根据制造、加工等方面的科学与工程原理 对机器、设备、装置、系统 等的机理与流程等方面 进行设计；而Design指对建筑物、构筑物的空间划分、功能布置、各部分之间的联系，以及外观进行设计和审美与艺术的处理。从这 种区别中可 以看出，设计 －采购－施工合同一般不适合建筑工程的采 购。
DR
Depository Receipt
存托凭证
又称存券收据或存股 证，指在一国证券市场 流通的代表外国公司有价 证券的可 转让凭证，属公司融资业务范畴的金融衍生工具。如美国存 托凭证ADR(American Depository Receipt)、欧洲存托凭证EDR(EuropeanDepository Receipt)、全球存托凭证GDR(Global Depository Receipts)、中国存托凭证CDR(ChineseDepository Receipt)等。