新派英语五年级下册 Unit 8加油站

Unit 8 A Small World

Grammar（语言点）：

被动语态：

1. 被动语态的定义：被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。

2.被动语态的结构：英语中被动语态由“be +及物动词的过去分词”构成。Be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。如：Where is this watch made? It is made in China. / Where was the cotton shirt made? It was made in the Philippines.

3. 被动语态的用法：

①不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。如：A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)

②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)

③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)