翻译讲解和上海历翻译真题
上海高考语文25年文言文句子翻译题真题汇总(1995-2019,含答案)附文言翻译技巧
2019民饥甚矣，必请而赈，是坐以待毙也；赈而勿请，罪在太守。
宁以一身活数万人。
百姓已经非常饥饿了，一定要请示后才能赈济，这就像坐着等死；赈济百姓却不请示，罪责就在太守。
我宁愿用一人性命救活数万百姓。
文言文翻译既是学习文言文的重要目标，也是文言阅读题考察的重要题型。
通常对于文言文的翻译，应坚持“直译为主，意译为辅”的原则，通过“增删留补调换”的方法，达到准确翻译的目的。
而在实际操作中，还有一些难点需要突破，已经超出了上文方法所能应对，下面拟从四个方面来探讨这个问题。
一是注意把握句子关系，准确添加关联词语省略句是文言文中常见的句式，这是由文言文行文简练的习惯造成的。
一般文言文句子中的主谓宾，乃至介词都容易补充出来，除了文言文中常见的的关联词（固定词组）外，主要靠意合连接，正是由于这一情况的存在，关联词语往往被忽略，这直接影响了句子的整体质量。
诸如：（一）假设复句1.微夫人之力不及此。
（《烛之武退秦师》）译文：（如果）没有那个人的力量我（就）没有今天的地位。
2.养生丧死无憾，王道之始也。
（《寡人之于国也》）译文：（如果）能做到让老百姓对生养死葬没有什么不满意的，这（就）是王道的开始了。
（二）转折复句1.君子生非异也，善假于物也。
（《劝学》）译文：（虽然）君子的天性与一般人相比没有什么区别，（但是）却善于利用外物。
2.大将军邓骘奇其才，累召不应。
（《张衡传》）译文：大将军邓骘认为张衡的才能很奇异，（虽然）多次征召他，（但是）他都没有接受。
（三）条件复句1.道之所存，师之所存也。
（《师说》）译文：（只要）道理存在的地方，（就）是老师所在的地方。
2.岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也。
（《论语子罕》）译文：（只有）到了天气最寒冷的时候，（才）会知道松树和柏树是最后凋零的。
（四）因果复句1.知不可骤得，托遗响于悲风。
（《赤壁赋》）译文：（因为）知道这种空想不能得到，（所以）只能在悲凉的秋风中寄托袅袅的箫声。
2.家富良马，其子好骑，堕而折其髀。
上海历届高考英语翻译
上海历届高考英语翻译自1977年恢复高考以来，英语翻译题型在高考中一直占据着重要的地位。
作为中国最国际化的城市之一，上海的高考英语翻译题也一直备受。
以下是上海历届高考英语翻译题的汇总和分析。
一、2015年上海高考英语翻译题原文：这个国家的经济在过去十年里以惊人的速度增长。
参考翻译：The country's economy has increased at an astonishing speed over the past decade.分析：该句翻译准确传达了原文的意思，语法正确，表达流畅，没有出现明显的翻译错误。
二、2016年上海高考英语翻译题原文：他很享受在异国他乡的生活。
参考翻译：He enjoys living in a foreign country.分析：该句翻译准确地传达了原文的意思，语法正确，表达流畅，没有出现明显的翻译错误。
三、2017年上海高考英语翻译题原文：我们公司最近推出了一款新产品。
参考翻译：Our company has recently launched a new product. 分析：该句翻译准确传达了原文的意思，语法正确，表达流畅，没有出现明显的翻译错误。
四、2018年上海高考英语翻译题原文：他的演讲引起了全场的热烈掌声。
参考翻译：His speech was followed by warm applause from the audience.分析：该句翻译准确地传达了原文的意思，语法正确，表达流畅，没有出现明显的翻译错误。
五、2019年上海高考英语翻译题原文：这个城市的交通状况需要得到改善。
参考翻译：The traffic situation in this city needs to be improved.分析：该句翻译准确传达了原文的意思，语法正确，表达流畅，没有出现明显的翻译错误。
六、2020年上海高考英语翻译题原文：他的努力终于得到了回报。
历年上海英语翻译中级口译汉译英真题及答案
历年上海英语翻译中级口译汉译英真题及答案原文：越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。
中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。
这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。
曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。
现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。
译文：An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese. China’s rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West.They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage.解析：本段是一篇文化类介绍文章。
历年上海英语中级口译翻译英译汉真题及答案
历年上海英语中级口译翻译英译汉真题及答案原文：出自NewsweekWhy We Must Fire Bad TeachersThe relative decline of American education at the elementary- and high-school levels has long been a national embarrassment as well as a threat to the nation’s future. Once upon a time, American students tested better than any other students in the world. Now, ranked against European schoolchildren, America does about as well as Lithuania, behind at least 10 other nations.For much of this time—roughly the last half century—professional educators believed that if they could only find the right pedagogy, the right method of instruction, all would be well. They tried New Math, open classrooms, Whole Language—but nothing seemed to achieve significant or lasting improvements.Yet in recent years researchers have discovered something that may seem obvious, but for many reasons was overlooked or denied. What really makes a difference, what matters more than the class size or the textbook, the teaching method or the technology, or even the curriculum, is the quality of the teacher. Much of the ability to teach is innate—an ability to inspire young minds as well as control unruly classrooms that some people instinctively possess (and some people definitely do not). Teaching can be taught, to some degree, but not the way many graduate schools of education do it, with a lot of insipid or marginally relevant theorizing and pedagogy. In any case the research shows that within about five years, you can generally tell who is a good teacher and who is not.我们为什么必须叫停“不称职”的老师?一直以来，美国初高中教育质量的相对下降对整个民族的将来来说，不仅仅是窘境也是一种威胁。
汉英笔译基础教程 翻译技巧及真题[精]
![汉英笔译基础教程 翻译技巧及真题[精]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/23818479f18583d04864591b.png)
专八翻译技巧
（九）注意时态
翻译时须注意选择合适的时态。
例：中国古代素来以不怠于物不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。 Ancient Chinese always regard "not confined by material, not driven by material" as the major philosophy. 描述的是一般事实，用一般现在时即可。
专八翻译技巧
（二）谓语最小化原则 1．使用介词短语
例：用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪 in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes (is ……
2．使用不定式短语
上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析
（八）英语避免重复
例：背离古训（古老的真理） depart from established maxims / truths time-honored mottos are always ignored
（九）四字词
吃透原文含义。 例：亡国灭种的民族危机 the national crisis 赴汤蹈火 go through fire and water
上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析
（三）谓语最小化（动词转译） 1．动词变成名词
例：坚持预防为主、综合治理、全面推进、重点突破 adhering to the principle of prevention first, comprehensive control, entire push-on and key-point breakthrough
9月上海中级口译汉译英真题答案
9月上海中级口译汉译英真题答案【原文】自古以来，我国各民族人民劳动、生息、繁衍在祖国的土地上，各民族组之间建立了紧密的政治经济文化联系，早在两千多年前就形成了幅员辽阔的统一国家。
悠久的中华文化，成为维系民族团结和国家统一的牢固纽带。
我们的先人历来把独立自主作为立国之本。
中国作为人类文明发祥地之一，在几千年的历史进程中，文化传统始终没有中断。
近代中国虽屡遭列强欺凌，国势衰败，但经过全民族的百年抗争，又以巨人的姿态重新站立起来。
【参考译文】From ancient times, our people of all ethnic groups have labored, lived, multiplied on this land, where closely-knitted political, economic and cultural links have been established. As early as two thousand years ago, we have built a unified nation with a vast territory. The long-standing Chinese cultures become a strong bond for ethnic harmony and national unity.Our ancestors were dedicated to the proposition of maintaining independence. As one of the cradles of human civilizations，China has all along maintained its cultural tradition without letup in the history of several thousand years. In modern times, the frequent bullying and humiliation by imperialist powers once weakened China. However, after a hundred year’s struggle of the entire Chinese nation, China has stood up again as a giant.。
上海中级口译考试真题及答案解析
3月上海中级口译考试真题及答案解析Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully, because you will hear the talk or conversation and the questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Question 11—14M: I love this car; I think it’s really cool. It’s called the clean car.W: Where is it made?M: It was produced in Sweden. It was designed in Italy. The engine of the vehicle runs on electricity which is generated by water.W: so the fuel is plain H2O? Fantastic!M: this car was made for the city. It can be parked in a small space and it reaches a maximum speed of 80 kilometers per hour.W: It looks very light. What’s it made of?M : It is made of a special metal which is being used for airplanes and space shuttles.W: And what’s the price of the clean car?M : That’s the only problem. It’s still rather expansive.11. What is the man and the woman talking about?12. Where is the vehicle produced?13. Which of the following is true about the vehicle?14. What is the only problem with the vehicle?【解析】本对话讨论的是一种以新能源供能的汽车。
上海市高级口译笔试汉译英题型 五年真题解析
上海市高级口译笔试汉译英题型五年真题解析（2003-2007）2007年9月试题原文根据网文《上海男人与上海女人》改编而成。
【原文】据说，上海男人是最好丈夫。
他们总是知道该如何讨妻子的欢心，从而避免了矛盾，一家人其乐融融。
所以从某种程度上讲，上海男人是社会安定和谐的象征。
当妻子快乐时，他也快乐，因而整个城市也充满了快乐气氛。
虽然上海男人被戏谑为“妻管严”，但他并不屈从于妻子。
在与妻子有争议时，他要么保持沉默，要么一笑置之。
有时候他会发火，但事后不久，他也会毫不迟疑地道歉。
最终他妻子发现，她还是按照他的想法行事。
上海男人聪明、务实，有时也相当圆滑。
最令人印象深刻的是，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感，而且尊重女性。
【参考译文】Shanghai men are said to be the best of husbands. Theyknow how to win the favor of their wives and avoid conflicts so that happiness pervades their families. Shanghai men can be regarded as thesymbol of social security and harmony. They are joyful whenever theirwives are, thus filling the whole city of Shanghai with happiness.Shanghai men are jokingly called hen-pecked husbands. However,they will never yield to their wives but remain silent or smile away the quarrels. And they will apologize without hesitation shortly after they losetheir temper, which is a rarity. Finally, their wives find themselvescomplying with what their husbands say.Shanghai men are smart and practical and even slippery, but whatimpresses most is that they are aggressive in their career and responsibleto their families and respectful to females.【评析】1. 首句可以用It is said that.译出。
2017-2022年上海市高考英语翻译真题汇编(按提示词考点分类)
提示词考点1：词性（2）【2018春】你是不是同意，在心情愉快的时候，总会有创意出现。
(occur)【2017秋】投资项目的过程中出现了一些问题。
(arise)提示词考点2：搭配（17）【2022春】小张昨天在田里播下种子，期待来年的丰收。
（sow）【2022春】鉴于手机打车不熟练的老人不在少数，这家公司提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求。
（a few）【2021秋】你做会儿，我来看管这六件行李。
(look)【2021秋】这位头发花白的外交官与老友不期而遇，脑海中浮现出那段为理想而奋斗的青春岁月。
(remind）【2021秋】这位先驱者的故居是间不起眼的木屋，现正修复中，游客有望在六月底一睹其真容。
(under)【2020秋】面对网店的挑战，这家百年老店多措并举，最终转危为机，再创辉煌。
(turn)【2020春】我们非常感激他们为保护上海方言所付出的努力。
(appreciate)【2020春】每周三，这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者，教孩子们剪纸和编织。
(a rule)【2019秋】爷爷有点耳背，对他耐心一点。
(patient)【2019春】究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性? (motivate)【2019春】网上支付方便了用户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。
( at the cost of）【2018秋】我看到他换上徒步鞋，走向草坪。
(make for)【2018秋】他们当中有人可能担任过排球教练吗？(may)【2018秋】妈妈设置了六小时响一次的闹钟，提醒自己给宝宝量体温。
(reminder)【2017秋】李雷宁愿受罚也不愿说谎。
(would rather)【2017秋】在过去三年中，他一直致力于研究信息的传播速度和人们生活节奏的关系。
(commit)【2017春】大量阅读书籍有助于我们的成长。
(expose)提示词考点3：词性+搭配（5）【2021春】这条小河蜿蜒流淌，与世代居住于此的村民朝夕相伴，见证了这个村庄的日新月异。
历年英语四级翻译真题及答案解析
历年英语四级翻译真题及答案解析中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务，他们对孩子的首要要求就是努力学习，考得好，能上名牌大学.他们相信这是为孩子好，因为在中国这样竞争激烈的'社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明.中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就，父母就会受到尊敬.因此，他们愿意牺牲自己的时间、爱好和兴趣，为孩子提供更好的条件.参考解析：Chinese parents usually intend to pay too much attention to their children's study to such an extent thatthey evendon't require their children to help them do the chores.Their primary requirement for their childrenis to study hard, get good grades and go to famous universities, They believe this does good to their childrenbecause in the society of China which is full of intense competition, only perfect academic performance canensure a bright future.Chinese parents also believe if their children can make great achievements in thesociety, they will receive respectaccordingly.Therefore, they are willing to sacrifice their own time, hobbiesand interests to provide better conditions for their children.难点注释1.翻译第一句时，“过于关注……”还可以译为focus too much on…/be too focused on…等;“做家务”还可译为do housework.2.翻译第二句时，“努力学习”“考得好”和“能上名牌大学”作表语，可用动词不定式来表达.“他们对孩子的首要要求”是句子的主语，有两种译法：一是直接用名词短语表达，即their primary requirement for theirchildren;二是用名词性从句表达，即what they require their children first to do.part 2Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2云南省的丽江古镇是中国著名的旅游目的地之一。
历年上海英语翻译考试中级口译英译汉原文真题及参考答案
历年上海英语翻译考试中级口译英译汉原文真题及参考答案原文A majority of the world’s climate scientists have convinced themselves, and also a lot of laymen, some of whom have political power, that the Earth’s climate is changing; that the change, from humanity’s point of view, is for the worse; and that the cause is human activity, in the form of excessive emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.A minority, though, are sceptical. Some think that recent data suggesting the Earth’s average temperature is rising are explained by natural variations in solar radiation, and that this trend may be coming to an end. Others argue that there is no conclusive evidence that modern temperatures are higher than they used to be.We believe that global warming is a serious threat, and that the world needs to take steps to try to avert it. That is the job of the politicians. But we do not believe that climate change is a certainty. There are no certainties in science. Prevailing theories must be constantly tested against evidence, and more evidence collected, and the theories tested again. That is the job of the scientists.参考答案世界上大部分气候学家已经使他们自己及许多普通民众(包括一些政界人士)确信，地球的气候正处于变化之中;对人类而言，这一变化正日趋严重;罪魁祸首是人类活动，其表现形式为过量排放二氧化碳之类的温室气体。
上海外国语大学《641翻译实践》英汉互译考研真题
上海外国语大学《641翻译实践》英汉互译考研真题上海外国语大学《641翻译实践》英汉互译考研真题一、上海外国语大学高级翻译学院841翻译实践（英汉互译）考研真题及详解I. Translate the following into Chinese（75分）The Short MarchBy BILL POWELL/SHANGHAI Thursday, Feb. 14, 2008 Locals sell produce outside the gates of one of Songjiang’s new developmentsOn a cold, gray afternoon a year ago, I stood on the deck of our newly purchased, half-constructed house about an hour outside Shanghai, wondering what, exactly, I had gotten myself into. My wife, a Shanghai native, and I had moved back to China from New York City in the spring of 2004, and 21/2 years later we had decided to take the plunge. We bought a three-story, five-bedroom townhouse way out in the suburbs, in a town called New Songjiang, a place that was then—and remains now —very much a work in progress.We had come here that day to see how construction was progressing. Our house, along with about 140 others, was going up in a development called Emerald Riverside. It sits on the banks of a tributary that dumps into the Huangpu, the river that cuts Shanghai in two about 28 miles (45km) to the northeast. On that dreary afternoon I gazed out to the other side of the river, looking at the only significant patch of land for miles that was not yet being developed—about five acres (20,000 sq. m) of green that local farmers still used to grow watermelons, which they then sold to the migrant workersbuilding this town. On the far bank there was a ramshackle one-room brick house, where three of the farmers lived—a husband, wife and teenage son. They had no running water—they bathed and washed their clothes in the river—and the place was lit by a single bulb. In every direction just beyond the watermelon patch, office parks and houses and apartment complexes were going up, forming a cordon around the farmland that was drawing inexorably tighter. As it is in vast swathes of China, the new was replacing the old, and it was not doing so slowly. It was doing so in the blink of an eye.I stood on the deck that day and watched one of the farmers who worked the watermelon patch, an older woman who would later introduce herself to us as Liu Yi, as she stared back at me across the river.I remember thinking to myself, My god, what must be going through her mind? Not only is the land she works on about to disappear, but there’s this foreigner standing over there staring at her. Where did he come from and, more to the point, what in the world is he doing out here? The short answer is that my wife and I have become a tiny part of China’s latest revolution. We got an off-the-shelf mortgage from the StandardChartered Bank branch in town, plunked down 25% of the purchase price, and bought ourselves a piece of the Great Chinese Dream.Best Years of Their LivesFor the past decade and a half, the frantic pace of urbanization has been the transformative engine driving this country’s economy, as some 300-400 million people from dirt-poor farming regions made their way to relative prosperity in cities. Within the contours of that great migration, however, thereis another one now about to take place—less visible, but arguably no less powerful. As China’s major cities—there are now 49 with populations of one million or more, compared with nine in the U.S. in 2000—become more crowded and more expensive, a phenomenon similar to the one that reshaped the U.S. in the aftermath of World War II has begun to take hold. That is the inevitable desire among a rapidly expanding middle class for a little bit more room to live, at a reasonable price; maybe a little patch of grass for children to play on, or a whiff of cleaner air as the country’s cities become ever more polluted.This is China’s Short March. A wave of those who are newly affluent and firm in the belief that their best days, economically speaking, are ahead of them, is headed for the suburbs. In Shanghai alone, urban planners believe some 5 million people will move to what are called “satellite cities”in the next 10 years. To varying degrees, the same thing ishappening all across China. This process—China’s own suburban flight —is at the core of the next phase of this country’s development, and will be for years to come.The consequences of this suburbanization are enormous. Think of how the U.S. was transformed, economically and socially, in the years after World War II, when GIs returned home and formed families that then fanned out to the suburbs. The comparison is not exact, of course, but it’s compelling enough. The effects of China’s suburbanization are just beginning to ripple across Chinese society and the global economy. It’s easy to understand the persistent strength in commodity prices—steel, copper, lumber, oil—when you realize that in Emerald Riverside construction crews used more than three tons of steel in the houses and nearly a quarter of a ton of copper wiring.There are 35 housing developments either just finished or still under construction in New Songjiang alone, a town in which 500,000 people will eventually live. And as Lu Hongjiang, a vice president of the New Songjiang Development & Construction company puts it, “we’re only at the very beginning of this in China.”【参考译文】短行军比尔·鲍威尔，星期四，2008年2月14日当地人在新淞江发展区门外卖农产品一年前的一个寒冷阴暗的下午，我站在我们距离上海市区一小时车程的尚在建设中的新房的地板上，陷入了沉思，我的妻子是上海本地人，我在2004年春天离开纽约来到中国，两年半以后我们做了这个决定。
上海历届高考翻译真题学生用
上海历届高考翻译真题2009春1.早睡早起有益于健康（do good to）2.乘车时你有主动给老人让座的习惯吗？（offer）3.就我所知，在那座小城市里购物很方便。
(as far as)4.他很后悔失去了获得奖学金的机会。
（regret）5.到目前为止，我们学过的英语单词总计大约有三千五百个。
(add up to)6.学生们逐渐认识到友谊胜过金钱才是真朋友。
（realize）2009夏1. 网球运动在上海越来越流行了。
（popular）2. 我认为你们的建议和他们的一样有价值。
（as…as）3. 只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。
（keep）4. 为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部电影即将开拍。
（memory）5. 过了三天她才想起把雨衣忘在语言实验室了。
（remember）6. 尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施援救。
（despite）2008春1.你擦一下窗好吗？（mind ）2.有困难请向警察求助。
（turn to ）3.他一到上海就和我们取得了联系。
（contact ）4.演出还没有结束，孩子们就睡着了。
(before )5.导演得知自己的影片获奖，感到无比自豪。
（award ）6.这些十八世纪的油画保存昨这样好，使参观者大为惊叹。
（so …that ）2008夏1. 我们打篮球的时间到了。
(time)2. 他设法把游客及时送到了机场。
(manage)3. 你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会? (possible)4. 应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。
(encourage)5. 我对学生所谈的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。
(ignorant)6. 尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。
(Although...) 2007春1.前天我们订购了二十台洗衣机。
(order)2.因为大雨,校运会将不得不推迟。
(put off)3.为了您的家庭幸福,务必遵守交能规则。
翻译讲解和上海历年翻译真题
翻译评分标准：1．第1题3分，第2—4题，每题4分；第5题5分。
2．在每题中，单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误累计每两处扣1分。
3．语法错误每处扣1分。
每句同类语法错误不重复扣分。
4．译文没有用所给单词，扣1分。
高考英语翻译技巧“四步法〞翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译才能还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。
要在翻译题中拿到高分，除了扎实的语言根本功外，还要在平时的练习中训练一套翻译四步法，以确保准确率。
下面我们以2006年高考中的一句中译英“我向她请教，她总是有求必应，而且解释得令我非常满意。
(satisfaction)〞(下文以“06例句〞来指代)为例，来演示这“四步法〞。
第一步：一读中文，理清构造，搭好总体框架中文必须仔细读，尤其是最后两句翻译句子，它们大都在句子构造上进步了难度。
读什么？读出句子构造：对于简单句，区分出主谓宾，分清定语、同位语和状语；对于并列句，记住两个语法意义上独立的分句，须由连词连接起来；对于复合句，须区分定语从句，名词性从句以及状语从句。
高考翻译中的长句子都是纸老虎，大家只要判断句子之间的逻辑关系，然后用适宜的连接词〔或者介词短语，非谓语动词等〕把句子给连接起来，整个句子就搞定了。
在06例句中，我们就可以读出“我向她请教〞是时间状语从句，为了照应之后的“总是〞，我们可选择“每当〞(every time)来充当连词。
在后面的主句中，“有求必应〞与“解释〞之间的关系是并列的，需要一个连词来连接这两个动词，即可以对应“而且〞运用“not only……but also……〞的构造，也可以简化为一个连词“and〞。
第二步：结合中文，决定关键词的位置和用法重视所给关键词，对其所考察的各类词的用法或特殊句型，如倒装句、It句型和There be 句型等，可以先有一个大致的预测。
在此根底上，回到原文，“对症下药〞，保证它与原文的契合度。
同时，也要绝对忠于所给词的词性及大小写。
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翻译讲解和上海历翻译真题————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：翻译评分标准：1．第1题3分，第2—4题，每题4分；第5题5分。
2．在每题中，单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误累计每两处扣1分。
3．语法错误每处扣1分。
每句同类语法错误不重复扣分。
4．译文没有用所给单词，扣1分。
高考英语翻译技巧“四步法”翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。
要在翻译题中拿到高分，除了扎实的语言基本功外，还要在平时的练习中训练一套翻译四步法，以确保准确率。
下面我们以2006年高考中的一句中译英“我向她请教，她总是有求必应，而且解释得令我十分满意。
(satisfaction)”(下文以“06例句”来指代)为例，来演示这“四步法”。
第一步：一读中文，理清结构，搭好总体框架中文必须仔细读，尤其是最后两句翻译句子，它们大都在句子结构上提高了难度。
读什么？读出句子结构：对于简单句，辨别出主谓宾，分清定语、同位语和状语；对于并列句，记住两个语法意义上独立的分句，须由连词连接起来；对于复合句，须区分定语从句，名词性从句以及状语从句。
高考翻译中的长句子都是纸老虎，大家只要判断句子之间的逻辑关系，然后用合适的连接词（或者介词短语，非谓语动词等）把句子给连接起来，整个句子就搞定了。
在06例句中，我们就可以读出“我向她请教”是时间状语从句，为了呼应之后的“总是”，我们可选择“每当”(every time)来充当连词。
在后面的主句中，“有求必应”与“解释”之间的关系是并列的，需要一个连词来连接这两个动词，即可以对应“而且”运用“not only……but also……”的结构，也可以简化为一个连词“and”。
第二步：结合中文，决定关键词的位置和用法重视所给关键词，对其所考查的各类词的用法或特殊句型，如倒装句、It句型和There be 句型等，可以先有一个大致的预测。
在此基础上，回到原文，“对症下药”，保证它与原文的契合度。
同时，也要绝对忠于所给词的词性及大小写。
在06例句中，结合“令我十分满意”，联想到以往常用的to my surprise/excitement,所给关键词可应用为to my full satisfaction.第三步：二读中文，确定动词时态及语态除了所给关键词外，句中的动词也应关注。
如果句中有两个或两个以上的动词，那么除了一个做主句谓语外，剩下的不是做并列句或复合句中的谓语，就是做非谓语。
对于作谓语的动词，时态往往是最容易忽视的。
因此，第三步是明确动词的时态及其用法。
同时，也建议学生们在平时翻译训练中，除了动词外，还可根据意群将一些涉及到词的用法、词组及成语的短语，先确定下来，然后再进行整句翻译，以确保准确率。
此外，中译英所要求的绝不是字字对应的翻译。
在没有现成的固定表达可用的情况下，要化繁为简，将已有语言知识作为基础，合理地转换中文，运用知识迁移进行翻译。
06例句中，我们首先根据中文知道它所叙述的是客观事实，因此确定用一般现在时。
在翻译“向她请教”时，根据我们已知的词组“向某人求助”turn to sb.for help或ask sb.for help，将求“助”转换为求“建议”，译为turn to her for advice或askher for advice。
至于成语“有求必应”，先要转换为“乐于助人”，即be ready to help。
第四步：整句翻译，对照中文，防止遗漏翻译讲究的是“信、达、雅”，学生们首先要做到的是“信”，忠于原文。
然而，学生在翻译时往往会出现“偷工减料”的现象，所以，第四步就是在翻译时，对照中文，切勿遗漏信息，遗漏标点。
这需要考生在翻译时对句子的细节有精准的把握，翻译完后再对照一下中英文意思，看有没有遗漏重要信息。
06例句最终可以翻译为：Every time I ask her for advice,she is always ready to help and explains to my full satisfaction.学生们要注意“总是”、“十分”这类词不要遗漏。
如何备考一、对于基本词汇和词组的掌握一定要扎实。
高考翻译考查的其实主要还是基本的词汇和词组的应用，凡是在翻译方面失分多的考生往往都是因为基本的词汇、词组掌握不牢，或者语法功底不够扎实。
有些同学可能在背词汇和词组方面也花了很多功夫，但是在翻译或者写作的时候却依然不会用一些词组或者词汇以及句型等。
这可能就跟英语学习的方法有关系了。
学生可以通过背例文、例句以及自己仿写的方式来积累词汇、词组、句式等。
这不但对于高考写作和翻译至关重要，对于搞定词汇语法题目、阅读等也很有意义。
很多同学对于部分倒装的句子的语序掌握不牢固，例如2006年中一个容易失分的翻译，即“这小孩子太调皮,使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱(So)”（So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.）。
二、学生要准确无误地用英语将中文句子的意思完全表达出来，还要掌握最基本的句子结构和各种基本句型。
Ⅰ简单句结构例句主语+不及物动词Money talks.有钱能使鬼推磨。
主语+及物动词+宾语Every cloud has a silver lining.乌云之后总有阳光。
主语+系动词+表语Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语You tell me the truth..别拐弯抹角。
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Adversity makes a man wise.逆境使人聪明。
Ⅱ并列句结构例句简单句+并列连词+简单句 A little learning is a dangerous thing, but a lot of ignoranceis just as bad.知识浅薄是危险的，无知同样糟糕。
简单句+并列连词+副词+简单句He lied to the company and therefore he was removed fromthe position.他向公司撒了谎，因此他被解雇了。
简单句+并列副词+简单句You must redouble your efforts, or you’ll lag behind.你必须加倍努力，否则你就要落后了。
III.复合句定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句Ⅳ It引导的句子结构例句It is +adj.+for/of sb. to do sth. It is very necessary for a university student to studyone or two foreign languages well.It is no use/good doing sth. It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
It is +被强调的部分+that/who/whom It was last Sunday that we went to the Shanghai GrandTheatre.V.【Attention】a. It is +adj.+for/of sb. To do sth.这一句型非常重要，应用十分广泛，所以要特别注意for和of的用法。
① of sb.的句型一般用表示感情或态度的形容词，如：good, kind, nice, wise, clever, foolish, right, wrong, careful等。
e.g. It is very kind of you to help me so.② for sb.的句型一般用表示客观情况的形容词，如：easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, possible, interesting等。
e.g. It is impossible for me to work out the difficult problem in such a short time.b.it的强调结构可以用来强调时间状语和原因状语从句，不能强调让步状语从句或since , as 引导的原因状语从句。
而且强调句型也可以用于特殊疑问句。
e.g. It was because the weather was too bad that we failed to get into touch with them.When was it that you got a doctor’s degree? Master/ bachelorV. 倒装句型。
三、.要做好“中译英”这一类型，学生除了需要掌握最基本的英语句子结构和各种基本句型，还得注意动词的正确用法，因为动词是句子的核心和灵魂。
动词涉及到时态、语态、语气、主谓一致，有谓语与非谓语、及物与不及物、延续性与短暂性，陈述与虚拟之分。
翻译时，要注意这些中文里少有的或根本没有的语言特征，并灵活运用。
例如：e.g. Over eight percent of the population of our country are(这里一般不用is)peasants.The population of China is (这里一般不用are)over 1,300,000,000.四、细做真题与模拟题。
对于做真题和模拟题的方法:（1）做（2）对答案（3）找出自己的出错点以及题目的考点。
所谓找考点就是找出这个句子考查的重点以及能作为一般规律应用到今后做翻译题中的地方。
例如做08年第三题就总结出了it is…for sb to do…这个用法，做08年第4题就可以总结出如何翻译无主语句子。
（4）针对出错点和考点，自己造句子五、掌握一定的翻译技巧。
上海历届高考翻译真题2011年1.你为什么不网上订票？（why）2.我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。
(mistake)3.对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。
(compare)4.自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们联系了。
(No longer)5.如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能明显提高。
(whatever)2010年1.这本杂志花了我20多元。
（cost）2.雨天我总是比平时起得晚。
（than）3.看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。
(turn)4.乍一看，这块手表没有什么特别之处，但实际上它是一部手机。
（there be）5.我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。