考研英语翻译(第一讲)
研究生英语综合教程崔校平Unit1课文翻译
MangoThe mango is native to Southern Asia, especially Burma and Eastern India. It spread early on to Malaya, Eastern Asia and Eastern Africa. Mangos were introduced to California (Santa Barbara)in 1880.芒果原产于亚洲南部，特别是缅甸和印度东部。
它很早就传播到马来亚、东亚和东非。
1880年，芒果被引入加利福尼亚（圣巴巴拉）。
The mango exists in two races, one from India and the other from the Philippines and Southeast Asia. The Indian race is intolerant of humidity, has flushes of bright red new growth that are subject to mildew, and bears monoembryonic fruit of high color and regular form. The Philippine race tolerates excess moisture, has pale green or red new growth and resists mildew. Its polyembryonic fruit is pale green and elongated kidney-shaped.芒果有两个种族，一个来自印度，另一个来自菲律宾和东南亚。
印度种族不耐潮湿，新长出的果实呈鲜红色，容易发生霉变，结出的单胚果颜色高亮，形状规则。
它的多胚胎果实为淡绿色，拉长的肾形。
Mangos basically require a frost-free climate. Flowers and small fruit can be killed if temperatures drop below 40'F,even for a short period. Young trees may be seriously damaged if the temperature drops below 30'F,but mature trees may withstand very short periods of temperatures as low as 25'F.The mango must have warm, dry weather to set fruit. Mangos luxuriate in summer heat and resent cool summer fog. Wet,humid weather favors anthracnose and poor fruit set.芒果需要在无霜气候下生长。
研究生英语综合教程1课后翻译(交大版)
Unit11、他们被背包压得弯下了腰，在山坡上的松树林里一步步向上爬，全身淌着汗。
Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.2、我们在无聊的时候，往往把注意力集中在时间的流逝上，这样会使大脑活动产生错觉，总觉得时钟似乎走得更慢。
Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.3、法国第二季度的失业率飙升，并且该国财长称，即使全球经济复苏加快，就业局面仍将继续恶化。
这是自2006年初以来最糟糕的季度失业率。
Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country’s top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.4、社会实践是不断发展的，我们的思想认识也应不断前进，应勇于根据实践的要求进行创新。
As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.5、自行车被看成是比公共汽车更实惠的交通工具，因为公共汽车票价在最近几年内涨了三倍。
研究生英语第一课课后翻译
研究生英语第一课课后翻译第一篇：研究生英语第一课课后翻译有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大的才能。
人际关系就是一种善于听取别人意见体察别人的需要虚心接受批评的能力。
善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。
这就是为什么许多平平庸庸的公司雇员在大调整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反而下岗。
因为他们很注意处理各方面的关系，所以八面玲珑，到处有缘。
而人际关系差的人往往不能处理好批评。
碰到错误，他们首先想到自己，拒不承认自己有错，或情绪低落或大发雷霆，成为有刺的人，难以相处。
Sometimes it is interpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really counts in your career.Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be good listener, to be sensitive toward other‟s needs, to take criticism well.People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes, and take their share of blame, which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error.That‟s why many mediocre employees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent are being laid off.Sensitive in their dealings with others, they are well liked everywhere.People with poor interpersonal skills have trouble taking criticism.When confronted with a mistake, they let their ego get in the way.They deny responsibility and became moody or angry.They mark themselves as “prickly”.Every so often, it is one’s interpersonal skills rather than his capabilities that matter in his work.Interpersonal skills are the ability to listen to others, observe others’needs, and be open to criticisms.An interpersonally skilful person never fails to admit his mistakes and shoulder his responsibilities, since he has a mature andresponsible attitude toward mistakes.That is why in a company’s personnel reshuffle many employees with mediocre capabilities are allowed to stay while some talented people get dismissed.The former are careful to deal with people all around them, so they are popular with everyone and favored everywhere.In contrast, those with poor interpersonal skills cannot cope well with criticisms from others.When they get things wrong, they tend to put themselves first and deny their mistakes, or they feel depressed or fly into a temper, as unapproachable as a hedgehog.第二篇：研究生英语课后翻译unit3The plane arcs softly into its final descent at Hong Kong International Airport.Below, Victoria Harbor, and the silent rhythms of countless ships.Beyond, sloping mountains fence in a breathtaking city view that seems to stretch forever.This is no ordinary airport.This is no ordinary city.An elderly man passes by wearing pajamas, bearing a brightly feathered bird singing merrily in its cage.Professional gather at a roadside kitchen for noodles, congee and shrimp.Incense from s tiny Taoist temple drifts into the pounding beat of rock music pouring out of a discotheque.A ferry travels on the nearby water regularly, taking passengers to an isolated island 40 minutes away, where Buddhist temples and tiny fishing villages dot the landscape, Hong Kong.Here, 161 km south of the Tropic of Cancer, beats the pulse of Southeast Asia’s heart.Where East greets We st, and past colors present.飞机轻轻地进入香港国际机场做最后的下降。
翻译第一讲 考研
4、This was the period when Einstein began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.
2006 说明文 知识分子定义 （定语从句、否定结构）
2007 说明文 法律学习推广 （名词从句、被动语态）
2008 议论文 对达尔文介绍 （定语从句、并列结构）
2009 议论文 正规教育启示 （状语从句、倒装结构）
2010 议论文 物种保护价值 （名词从句、定语从句）
阅卷采分点=句子结构切分点
1、微观：一个句子2——4个采分点。 ①、2个采分点每个1分。 ②、3个采分点其中1个1分，另外2个0.5。 ③、4个采分点每个0.5。 2、宏观：整句话意思是否通顺，是否扭曲
原文。 3、是否符合汉语习惯。
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
Time was \ when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence \ that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physical weak, or \ that they prey only on “worthless” species.(2010.48)
考研翻译讲座第1讲
翻译
• 第一部分：考研英语翻译状况分析与策 略 • I. 翻译考试的内容与考生状况分析 • 研究生英语入学考试中的翻译项目 旨在通过翻译测试考生正确理解英文原 文的能力及汉语的表达能力。此项测试 方法是通过阅读一篇难度适中的短文 （题材不限，长度约400字上下），翻 译其中较为复杂的5个句子。翻译共5 题，每题2分，满分为10分；
3. 抓逻辑关系
• 在很多情况下，注意原文的逻辑关系能 保证译文的层次清楚，结构有条不紊。 如Titanic中的最后一句： • The stern, which settled on the bottom almost 1,800 ft. from the bow, had swiveled 180°on its way down. • 其主谓结构为：The stern … had swiveled 180° 船尾旋转了一百八十度
III. 考研翻译的做题思路与步骤
• 2. 理清考题结构，把握句式重心。 • 在粗读一遍，大致搞清原文的主旨大意 的基础上，逐句处理5个句子。读第二 遍时，重点则应放在这五个句子上，确 定句子的意思。
III. 考研翻译的做题思路与步骤
• 3. 分清主次关系，注意”左邻右舍”。 从它们与全文的关系上，特别是从前后 句即它们的中寻找有用的信息，确定代 词的确切含义，句子中出现的”超纲词” 的词义也很有可能从
III. 考研翻译的做题思路与步骤
• 4. 仔细检查译文，确保准确无误。
第二部分：翻译技巧方法讲解辅 导
• • • • • • 1. 分清主从 把握结构 2. 遣词用字 恰如其分 3. 直译意译 抓住要点 4. 适当增添 清楚明了 5. 词语省略 言简意赅 6. 转换变通 自然流畅
研究生英语综合教程UNIT1课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)PDF版
UNIT11. Recently, one of us had the opportunity to speak with a medical student about a research rotation that the student was planning to do. She would be working with Dr. Z, who had given her the project of writing a paper for which he had designed the protocol, collected the data, and compiled the results. The student was to do a literature search and write the first draft of the manuscript. For this she would become first author on the final publication. When concerns were raised about the proposed project, Dr. Z was shocked. "l thought I was doing her a favor," he said innocently, "and besides, I hate writing!"2. Dr. Z is perhaps a bit naive. Certainly, most researchers would know that the student's work would not merit first authorship. They would know that "gift" authorship is not an acceptable research practice. However, an earlier experience in our work makes us wonder. Several years ago, in conjunction with the grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Pott Secondary Education (FIPSE), a team of philosophers and scientists at Dartmouth College 2 ran a University Seminar series for faculty on the topic "Ethical Issues in scientific Research."At one seminar, a senior researcher (let's call him Professor R) argued a similar position to that of Dr. Z. In this case Professor R knew that "gift" authorship, authorship without a significant research contribution, was an unacceptable research practice. However, he had a reason to give authorship to his student.The student had worked for several years on a project suggested by him and the project had yielded to publishable data. Believing that he had a duty to the student to ensure a publication, Professor R had given the student some data that he himself had collected and told the student to write it up. The student had worked hard, he said, albeit on another project, and the student would do the writing. Thus, he reasoned, the authorship was not a "gift."3. These two stories point up a major reason for encouraging courses in research ethics: Good intentions do not necessarily result in ethical decisions. Both of the faculty members in the above scenarios "meant well." In both cases, the faculty members truly believed that what they were doing was morally acceptable. In the first case, Dr. Z's indefensible error was that he was unaware of the conventions of the field.In particular, he seemed blissfully oblivious to the meaning of first authorship. In the second case, Professor R was do ng what he thought best for the student without taking into consideration that moral. ty is a public system and that his actions with regard to a single student have public consequences for the practice of science as a profession.4. Well-meaning scientists, such as those just mentioned, can, with the best of intentions, make unethical decisions. In some cases, such decisions may lead individuals to become embroiled in cases of 1. 最近，我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。
考研英语翻译(1)
他送约翰上大学，巴望能让儿子出类拔萃。
(2) Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that.
请注意，“速度”和“速率”这两个词 需要解释。
4．用增词法把抽象概念表达清楚 1) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。
2) After all preparations were made, the plane took off.
不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿度过 大的情况下使用此电脑。
7．修辞或连贯增词
1) This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. 这部打字机真是价廉物美。
自然选择在进化中的作用仅在100多年前才得 以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选 择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
I. 分清主从 把握结构
2. 抓关键信息
Views of the railings where doomed passengers and crew members stood evoked images of the moonless night 74 years ago when the great ship slipped beneath the waves.
题型特点
➢ 3、词汇：上下文 一词多义， 一词转义（具体场合的特定含义）
英汉语言差异
语态 连接词 形式主语和宾语 定语位置 名词化 非谓语动词
研究生英语1课文及课后翻译
（第一册）一、A Working Community1、I have a friend who is a member of the medical community. It doesn’t say that, of course, on the stationery that bears her home address. This membership comes from her hospital work. 我有一个朋友，她属于这个社区医务人员。
虽然因在他信签上的地址还是他的家庭地址，她的社区身份却是来自她所从事的社区工作。
2、I have another friend who is a member of the computer community.This is a fairly new subdivision of our economy, and yet he finds his sense of place in it.我另外一个朋友是电脑社区成员。
尽管这个行业是我们经济中的一个新部门，他还是在其中找到了属于自己的天地。
3、Other friends and acquaintances of mine are members of the academic community, or the business community, or the journalistic community.其他朋友或熟人有学术社区的，有商业社区的，也有新闻社区的。
4、Though you cannot find these on any map, we know where we belong.虽然你在任何一个地图上都找不到这些社区，但是我们却明确知道自己属于哪个社区。
5、None of us, mind you, was born into these communities. Nor did we move into them, U-Hauling our possessions along with us. None has papers to prove we are card-carrying members of one such group or another. Yet it seems that more and more of us are identified by work these days, rather than by street.值得一提的是，我们没有谁一出生就属于这些社区，也不是后来我们搬了进来。
研究生综合英语1翻译
目录第一部分课文参考译文第一单元课文：如何应对恭维补充阅读：用幽默化解难题第二单元课文：形象还是表象补充阅读：成功孕育成功第三单元课文：乔治兄弟补充阅读：教堂司事福尔曼第四单元课文：安乐死有时合情合理补充阅读：危急关头，她拒绝实施安乐死的请求第五单元课文：从业场所犹如猎偶战场补充阅读：你们男人还想兼而得之！第六单元课文：永存的美补充阅读：该是结束谣言的时候了第七单元课文：令人烦恼的二十年岁补充阅读：可预测的成年危机第八单元课文：异化社会里的工作补充阅读：论工作第九单元课文：究竟还有无隐私？补充阅读：隐私与媒体：神圣何在？第十单元课文：隐形说客补充阅读：新的说客（依旧隐形）第二部分练习参考答案第一单元如何应对恭维H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡，走在大街上会使女性发笑，但我从不留胡子，原因是我不敢冒险，因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险，它会招来别人的恭维。
例如，如果一位女士走到我跟前，说道：“你的胡子最迷人，”我会无所适从，不知怎样回答才好。
我可能会惊慌得脱口而出：“我也喜欢您的胡子。
”在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。
闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。
例如，有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。
如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时，我根本无法欣然接受。
我家住在一个小山上，俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。
来访者惊叹道：“天哪！你这儿的景色太美了！”整个山谷原本就在那里，不是我造的，也不属于我。
然而我傻乎乎地笑着说：“噢，没什么——无非是过去留下的一片土地而已。
”我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。
”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。
就某样东西说“我们喜欢”，言外之意就是，还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。
不久前，我和一批人在一起时，其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。
研究生英语研一上课文翻译
U1A教育界的科技革命若是让生活在1900年的人来到咱们那个时期，他会识别出咱们当前课堂里发生的许多情形——那盛行的讲座、对操练的强调、从基础读本到每周的拼写测试在内的教学材料和教学活动。
可能除教堂之外，很少有机构像主管下一代正规教育的学校那样缺乏转变了。
让咱们把上述一贯性与校园外小孩们的经历作一番比较吧。
在现代社会，小孩们有机遇接触普遍的媒体，而在早些年代这些媒体简直确实是奇迹。
来自过去的参观者一眼就能够识别出此刻的课堂，但很难适应现今一个10岁小孩的校外世界。
学校——若是不是一样意义上的教育界——天生是保守的机构。
我会在专门大程度上为这种保守的趋势辩护。
但转变在咱们的世界中是如此迅速而明确，学校不可能维持现状或仅仅做一些表面的改善而生存下去。
的确，若是学校不迅速、完全地变革，就有可能被其他较灵活的机构取代。
运算机的变革力现今时期最重要的科技事件要数运算机的崛起。
运算机已渗透到咱们生活的诸多方面，从交通、电讯到娱乐等等。
许多学校固然不能漠视这种趋势，于是也配备了运算机和网络。
在某种程度上，这些科技辅助设施已被吸纳到校园生活中，尽管他们往往只是用一种更方便、更有效的模式教授旧课程。
但是，以后将以运算机为基础组织教学。
运算机将在必然程度上许诺针对个人的讲课，这种讲课形式以往只向有钱人提供。
所有的学生都会取得符合自身需要的、适合自己学习方式和进度的课程设置，和对先前所学材料、课程的成绩记录。
毫不夸张地说，运算机科技可将世界上所有的信息置于人们的指尖。
这既是幸事又是灾难。
咱们再也不必花费很长时刻查找某个出处或某个人——此刻，信息的传递是瞬时的。
不久，咱们乃至不必键入指令，只需高声提出问题，运算机就会打印或说出答案，如此，人们就可实现即时的 "文化脱盲"。
美中不足的是，因特网没有质量操纵手腕； "任何人都能够拨弄"。
信息和虚假信息往往混杂在一路，此刻尚未将网上十分普遍的被歪曲的事实和一派胡言与真实含义区分开来的靠得住手腕。
研究生英语应用教程翻译Unit1~4
英国人把排队叫做“queue up”，美国人把排队叫做“wait in line”，只有纽约人不同，他们把排队叫做“wait on line”。
似乎没有人知道纽约人为什么要这样说，这倒是我们在排队时可以好好考虑的问题。
排队是城市生活中一个严峻的现实。
尽管对于什么是城市中最难排的队似乎还没有一个一致的意见，但是人们在谈话中经常提到的是午饭时间在银行和邮局前排起的队。
年轻人则经常提到买电影票时以及注册上大学时排的长队。
不论排什么队，最基本的原则都是要讲个先来后到，亦即社会学家所说的“公平分配”的原则。
例外情况也有可能发生，如在高档饭店里，领班就会优先照顾他们偏爱的某些顾客。
但一般来说这条规则还是管用的。
那么从理论上说，每个人都应当同样关心把队排好。
但实际上每个人的关注程度会随着在队伍中的位置不同而有所不同。
一般来说最强烈的抗议往往来自于那些直接受害者，也就是正好排在插队的人后面的那些人。
而排在队伍后面的人就抱怨的相对少些，或者根本不抱怨，尽管前面插了一个人，他们的利益也同样遭受到损失。
1. 一位艾滋病研究专家昨天在华盛顿说，有些人感染了艾滋病毒后仍然十分健康地活着。
这为他们的研究提供了“一线希望”，那就是一旦传染上艾滋病并不等于被判了死刑。
2. 是否能够欣赏这些现代画取决于你的想象力。
3. 许多人宁愿放弃比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方是人之常情。
4. 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。
5. 走在纽约第五大道的人行道上，污雪成浆，阴冷潮湿，他疲惫不堪。
6. 许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维活动相比，认为这些思维活动必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
7. Since he was not clear with this matter, he declined to express his ideas.8. The sight of him reminds me of his father.9. The misunderstanding was caused by their quarrel.10. The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to.II.Suggested answer:到了成人阶段，传统观点认为女人感情过于脆弱，不适合权利太大或需要承担责任的职位。
考研英语研究生英语课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit1
考研英语研究生英语课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit1考研英语研究生英语课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit 1Text Translation:The origins of the cultural movement known as the Renaissance can be traced back to Italy in the 14th century. This period witnessed a significant revival of interest in the arts, literature, and science, leading to the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman texts. The Renaissance embraced the idea that humans were capable of achieving great things and emphasized the importance of individualism, humanism, and secularism.One of the most prominent figures of the Renaissance was Leonardo da Vinci, whose talents spanned various fields such as painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering. Da Vinci's famous artwork, the Mona Lisa, is arguably one of the most well-known paintings in the world. His other notable works include The Last Supper and Vitruvian Man.Another influential figure during this period was Michelangelo, known for his magnificent sculptures and frescoes. The statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel are among his most renowned creations. Michelangelo's dedication to depicting the human form with such realism and emotion exemplified the ideals of the Renaissance.The Renaissance also brought about significant advancements in literature. Petrarch, often referred to as the "father of humanism," was arenowned Italian poet and scholar. His sonnets and letters inspired a new wave of poetic expression and influenced subsequent generations of writers.In the realm of science, the Renaissance saw a departure from medieval beliefs and a resurgence of interest in empirical observation and experimentation. Figures such as Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler made groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy that challenged prevalent religious and philosophical doctrines.In conclusion, the Renaissance was a transformative period in European history, characterized by a renewed interest in the arts, literature, and science. It emphasized human potential and individual achievements, paving the way for immense cultural and intellectual progress.Answer Key to the Exercises:Exercise 1:1. c) classical Greek and Roman texts2. a) individualism, humanism, and secularism3. d) painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering4. b) The Last Supper5. c) statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel6. b) Petrarch7. d) astronomy8. a) empirical observation and experimentationExercise 2:1. The cultural movement known as the Renaissance had its origins in Italy in the 14th century.2. The Renaissance witnessed a revival of interest in the arts, literature, and science, along with the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman texts.3. Leonardo da Vinci was a prominent figure of the Renaissance, excelling in various fields such as painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering.4. The Mona Lisa is one of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous works, along with The Last Supper and Vitruvian Man.5. Michelangelo was another influential figure during the Renaissance, famous for his sculptures and frescoes, including the statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.6. Petrarch, considered the "father of humanism," was a renowned Italian poet and scholar, whose sonnets and letters inspired a new era of poetic expression.7. The Renaissance marked a departure from medieval beliefs and a renewed focus on empirical observation and experimentation in the field of science.8. Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler were notable scientists of the Renaissance, making significant discoveries in astronomy that challenged prevailing religious and philosophical ideas.Exercise 3:1. The Renaissance originated in Italy during the 14th century, with a revival of interest in arts, literature, and science.2. Leonardo da Vinci's talents extended to various fields, including painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering.3. The Mona Lisa is one of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous paintings, alongside The Last Supper and Vitruvian Man.4. Michelangelo's renowned sculptures and frescoes include the statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.5. Petrarch, known as the "father of humanism," had a significant impact on poetry and literature.6. The Renaissance brought about a shift towards empirical observation and experimentation in the field of science.7. Prominent scientists of the Renaissance, such as Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler, made groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy.In summary, the Renaissance in Italy during the 14th century led to a revival of arts, literature, and science. Figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Petrarch played crucial roles in shaping this cultural movement. Additionally, the Renaissance marked a turning point in scientific methods, with scientists like Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler challenging established beliefs through empirical observation and experimentation. The impact of the Renaissance on European history cannot be overstated, as it ushered in an era of significant cultural and intellectual progress.。
考研英语：翻译真题精讲(1)
考研英语：翻译真题精讲（1）一、全真试题The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting，classifying，assigning，or promoting students，employees，and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books，magazines，the daily press，and even in Congress.（71）The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools，with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable，meaningless，or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades，research productivity，sales records，or whatever is appropriate.（72）How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned，the skills he has developed，or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has，qualitatively，the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information.（73）Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.（74）In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated cannot be well defined. Properly used，they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized，but there are many things they do not do.（75）For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.二、翻译题解（71）The targetiswrong,forin attacking the tests, criticsdivertattention from the faultthatlies withill-informed or incompetent users.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点符号，从属连词The target is wrong, //for in attacking the tests, //critics divert attention from the fault //that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.解析：（1）句子的主干为The target is wrong;后面跟了个for引导的状语从句。
研究生综合英语（上）课文翻译
研究生综合英语（上）课文翻译研究生综合英语(上)课文翻译1 ”。
西东的找寻所上身工员的好最们他在主雇有所是?合组能技套一是险风冒敢样这像。
险风冒来义意的有具所业企的你对案答该为认你据根后然?案答上迷会你终最但?程过解了要需你?里业企在。
程过于迷沉往往们家学科此因。
的义定来时同者两身本案答和程过的案答寻找由是常常学科的大伟?说步一进更。
究研的谨严而真认靠依是实其功成的上术学为因?应适不到感家学科多许让就这。
的上务财和的上织组?的人个——险风和素因定确不受接能是就那?质特个一样这有常通功成业商“。
法说一这同赞特豪9 。
道写中述描业职在户客位一”?论结出做险风着冒并素因定确不纳接能须必她或他。
力能的策决出做就息信的整完不、确准不凭仅出现表要需者职求名一“。
险风受承能工员求要业企度忍容险风?3征特8 ”。
作工的门部理管是仅仅不而?作运的门部各司公全要需这。
求要了出提都们人的事行法想的己自按气勇有并?捷敏维思些那对也?们人的速快动行些那对仅不?样这。
里哪是’地的目‘定决何如道知得还且而?来起动调都能功的转运速快司公持支能有所把要仅不你?说是就这。
’地的目‘达到地快更要是就一之法方的胜取司公“?说特豪”?行进在样同也争竞?时小42天一?天7周一?天563年一着味意那?行进在终始意生?时小42天一?天7周一?天563年一“7 。
人的感迫紧视重个一是就他。
元美多亿42达高收税的缴上年每门部个这?作工发开业商和略策责负门部个一司公M3在他。
位职的理管级高到做直一并?业企了向转他前年多许。
家学科名一是前之他。
人稿撰的稿写繁频坛论站网给位一是特豪-唐感迫紧?2征特6 。
质品个这的你及谈们人的话电查调听接会些那让证保要还——人的作合动发并励鼓个一?誉声好良个一养培?间之们人的作合室验实们你和在及以?部内室验实你在要?是的利有为更。
”者作合“成变转”户干单“ 从法看的你对司公使能?”我“是不而?”们我“词代用使地明开时绩业述描在你上加?法方个这。
研究生英语综合教程1(西交大)部分课文翻译
硕士综合英语教程1参考译文Unit 1创建低碳经济概述1. 对于主要由人类活动而迅速积累的温室气体引发了全球变暖这一事实，没有人再持有异议。
除非我们协同一致，快速转向低碳经济，否则全球变暖的趋势将会愈演愈烈。
这一危机日益彰显逼近。
正如获得2007年诺贝尔和平奖的联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）主席拉金德拉?帕乔里所声称的：“如果在2012年之前我们还没有采取行动，那就为时已晚了。
我们在未来两到三年中的所作所为将决定我们的未来。
这是决定性的时刻。
”2. 同工业化前的水平相比，地球平均温度已经上升了0.8摄氏度（1.4华氏度左右），速度为自1975年以来每十年增加0.2摄氏度；如果我们仍然一意孤行，那么温度还会继续发生永久性的变化。
这种温度变化听起来似乎不大，但事实并非如此。
最后一个冰河时代时的全球平均气温不过比现今低约5.4摄氏度（9.7华氏度）。
3. 很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告：如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度（3.6华氏度）的话，我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。
没有人能知道到底全球变暖具体达到多少度会变得无法控制，并且造成像干旱、洪水、飓风以及热浪等自然灾害的逐渐恶化，造成诸如格陵兰岛或西南极洲大冰原坍塌以及伴随的全球海平面上升等意外的灾难性变化。
但是我们还依然在我们唯一的家园上不断做着危险而又不受约束的尝试，这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代人的一项挑战。
4. 《华盛顿邮报》4月刊报导到：“对于许多儿童和青年而言，全球气候变暖无异于当今的原子弹。
对于环境危机的担忧正影响着这一代人，正如经济大萧条、第二次世界大战、越南战争和冷战等等挥之不去的‘战争游戏’影响了20世纪的灵魂一样。
”5. 有些可怕的预测可能并不会发生，但考虑到那些最优秀的科学家们发出的警告，如果我们再冒险尝试将是极不负责任的做法。
科学家告诉我们，如果我们不尽快采取行动，想要避免全球变暖引发的最严重恶果则为时晚矣。
考研英语一翻译解析及参考译文
考研英语一翻译解析及参考译文46) This movement，driven by powerful and diversemotivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped thecharacter and destiny of an uncharted continent。
<解析> 本句and前后连接两个并列的分句，主干部分为This movement built anation and shaped the character and destiny. “this” 指前文的“a tide of emigration”移民[微博]潮，“driven by.。
”分词短语作后置定语修饰movement，同时起到主谓分隔的作用，”of a wilderness““of an uncharted continent“后置定语修语分别修饰a nation和the character and destiny 。
<参考译文> 在各种强大动机的推动下，移民潮建立了一个国家并且根据其本质塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
47) The United States isthe product of two principal forces—the immigration of European people withtheir varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of anew country which modified these traits。
<解析> 本句的主干是The United States is the product。
破折号后对是two principal forces的解释说明。
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1994年：科学家、技术与科学发展的关系。 1995年：标准化测试与评估
1996年：科学发展的差别和动力
1997:年：动物的权利
1998年：天体物理学中的大爆炸理论 2000年：政府调控与工业化发展 2002年：行为科学的发展 2004年：语言学 2006年：美国知识分子的作用 2008年：论达尔文的思想及其变化 2010年：生态环保
考研翻译完形高分策略
三. 如何翻译
3.2 真题再现：1996 / 72 第一步：理解句子结构
核心策略：拆分语法结构 如何拆分：英汉语言特点之形合与意合 不同语言的句子内部或外部连接的手段有三种
词汇手段，句法手段和语义手段 英语句法结构重形合，汉语重意合，而句法和词 汇是实现英语形合的重要手段。
考研翻译完形高分策略
所谓通顺，指的是译文语言必须明白畅达，符合规范。 所谓完整，是考研翻译的一个比较特殊的标准。就是说，翻 译出来的每一句话，应该是一个完整的汉语句子，而不是叙述 不清、意义不全的句子。 准确与通顺是相辅相成的。准确而不通顺，会让人感到莫名 其妙；通顺而不忠实于原文，通顺也就失去了意义。 恪守三个标准，切实做到原文和译文在内容和形式上的统一。 准确是第一位的，翻译中不可望文生义，生搬硬套；通顺虽属 第二位，也绝不可只重准确，不顾通顺和完整。
3. 关系词：连接名词性从句的who, whom, whose, what ,which, whatever, whichever等关系代词和when, where, how, why 等 关系副词；连接定语从句的who, which ,that, whom whose等 关系代词。他们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。
狭义概念：
一种语言活动，是把一种语言表达的内容忠实 地用另一种语言表达出来。
考研翻译完形高分策略
1. 1 .1 单词和短语的翻译
1. honeymoon
2. mad cow disease
1. 蜜 月 2. 疯牛病
3. 热线
3. Hot line
4. talk show
Hale Waihona Puke 4.脱5口. g秀ene the5r.a基py因疗法6. chai6n. r连ea锁cti反on应
三. 如何翻译
核心策略：拆分语法结构
1. 基本原则： 把主句和从句拆分出来，把竹竿 部分和修饰部分拆 分出来。
2. 连词： and, or, but , yet, for 等并列连词连接并列句；When， as, since, until, before, after, where, because, though, although, so that 等连接词连接状语从句。他们是理解英语句子 的拆分点。
翻译标准是衡量译文质量的一个尺度。
信、达、雅
---------严复
翻译必须兼顾两面：一则当然求其易懂， 一则保存原作的风姿。---------鲁迅
准确、通顺、完整
-------考研翻译标准
考研翻译完形高分策略
2.4 考研翻译标准
准确、通顺和完整的意义与关系
准确是前提。所谓准确，指的是译文必须正确地传达了原文 的内容。
1. 1 .2 句子的翻译
1. He had one foot in the grave.
2. It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do.
1. 他已经是风烛残年了。 2. 现在人们认为，脑筋越用越灵活。
考研翻译完形高分策略
三. 如何翻译
核心策略：拆分语法结构
4. 介词: on, in, with, at , of , to 等介词常常引起介词短语 做修饰语， 他们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。
5. 不定时符号 to : 不定式常常构成不定式短语作定语或状 语修饰语，意识是拆分点。
6.分词：过去分词和现在分词可以钩沉股份此短语作修饰语， 可以是拆分点。
of its original motive.
2009
5. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to th effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.
考研翻译完形高分策略
三. 如何翻译
3.1 翻译的过程
表达
理解与表达的关系： A. 好理解，好表达 B. 好理解，不好表达 C. 不好理解，不好表达
表达难于理解，它是一个再创造的过程。
考研翻译完形高分策略
三. 如何翻译
3.1 翻译的过程
表达： 初译 + 终译
3.2 真题再现：1996 / 72
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
1999年：历史研究的方法论 2001年：计算机与未来控制 2003年：人类学的发展 2005年：传媒领域中的电视媒介 2007年：法学推广的意义 2009年：正规教育 2011年：环境对人心智的影响
考研翻译完形高分策略
2.3.2 考研翻译特点
1. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.
考研翻译完形高分策略
1. 1 .3 段落篇章的翻译
Success is discovering your best talents, skills and abilities and applying them where will make the most effective contribution to your fellow men. Success is focusing the full power of all you on what you have a burning desire to achieve.
(Wilfred A. Peterson: The Art of success)
成功是把自己的潜力发挥的淋漓尽致。成功是发掘 你超人的才华，超群的能力，并将它应用于最有力 的最造福于民的事业上。成功是集中全力于你所热 望、所追求的理想上。
考研翻译完形高分策略
1. 2 翻译的主体
原文（源语）-----译者-----译文（目的语）
2010
6. Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption
we all share-----that because we are not robots we
therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its
erroneous nature.
考研翻译完形高分策略
二. 什么是考研英语翻译
2.2 考查的目的 考生能否准确理解内容或结构较复杂的英语文字 材料的能力。
考研翻译完形高分策略
2.3 考研翻译近年的内容和特点
2.3.1考研翻译的内容
1990年：人的性格和行为分析 1992年：智力评估的科学性
1991年：能源与农业 1993年：科学研究的方法
考研翻译完形高分策略
考研翻译和完形填空
主讲人： 党立新
外国语学院
考研翻译完形高分策略
万事初虎势
千
贵
里
乎
始
迈
行
到
易
底
蛇尾不可取
考研翻译完形高分策略
一.什么是翻译？ 二.什么是考研翻译？ 三. 如何翻译？
考研翻译完形高分策略
一.什么是翻译？
1. 1 翻译的概念
广义概念： 语言与语言、语言与非语言之间的代码转换和 基本信息的传达。
7. 标点符号：标点符号常常隔开句子的主干和修饰部分， 也是一个拆分点。
考研翻译完形高分策略
三. 如何翻译
比较(英汉语言形合与意合的特点)
1. Even of the monk can run away, his temple cannot run with him. 跑了和尚，跑不了庙。
2. Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell. 我死我也不说。
2011
考研翻译完形高分策略
2.3.2 考研翻译特点
1. 在连续几年的大纲变动之后，考研翻译没有太大 的变化，其命题更注重考察学生综合运用语言知 识的能力。难度在中等偏上。
2. 针对翻译，要求考生在理解长句、难句和复杂句 型结构的基础上，掌握基本的翻译技巧和翻译方 法。
考研翻译完形高分策略
2.4 考研翻译标准
考研翻译完形高分策略
三. 如何翻译
3.1 翻译的过程
理解
词义的引申： 1. They have their similes and tears. 2. We insist that international trade should not abe a one-way street. 3. I have no head for mathematics
of use.
1991
3. There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.