英语(国际商务英语方向
国际商务英语模拟实训教程Unit2 Sales Promotion
Unit Two Sales Promotion
MODEL PRACTICE
【BUSINESS SITUATION】 Guangdong Kaili Trading Co., Ltd. is emailing its product information on the internet to its prospected customers and faxing its price list to its old customers in order to promote the sales of the newly designed products. 【背景提示】公司通过互联网和传真向新老客 户发出促销函。
PATTERNS & USEFUL SENTENCES
寄产品资料
1. Enclosed please find a price list. 随附报价单，请查收。
2. We are pleased to enclose our quotation list with the illustrated catalogue.
1. 新客户开启业务 2. 老客户开启业务
就卖方而言，通常将自己最新产品目录或价目表发送给 买方，或邀请老客户来公司参观选购，或邀请老客户参加即 将举办的商品交易会或博览会等，洽谈新的一笔业务。
就买方而言，可以在完成一笔交易后，继续下订单， 或到公司或交易会、博览会参观后，洽谈新的一笔业务。
Model Practice Business Tips Emergency & Precaution Pattern & Useful Sentences
1. 新客户开启业务
国际商务英语(英文版)
International Business English国际商务英语Lesson 1 International Business第一课国际商务*International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export, such as business between Hong Kong and Taiwan.*International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. The following are some major differences between the two.1). The countries involved often have different legal systems, and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with the foreign law.2). Different counties usually use different currencies and the parties concerned will have to decide which currency to use and do everything necessary as regards conversion etc. Uncertainties and even risks are often involved in the use of a foreign currency.3).Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behaviour etc. often constitute challenges and even traps for people engaged in international business.4). Countries vary in natural and economic conditions and may have different policies towards foreign trade and investment, making international business more complex than domestic business.*With the development of economic globalisation, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.*International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. This form of trade is also referred to as visible trade. Later a different kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. gradually became more and more important. This type of trade is called invisible trade. Today, the contribution of service industries of the developed countries constitutes over 60% of their gross domestic products and account for an increasing proportion of world trade. *Another important form of international business is supplying capital by residents of one country to another, known as international investments. Such investments can be classified into two categories. The first kindof investments, foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country.*The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates, while the country where the headquarters of the investor is located is called the home country. The second kind of investment, portfolio investment, refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit.Stocks are also called capital stocks or bonds. Bonds are papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest. The maturity period of a bond is at least one year, often longer, for example five, or even ten years. Certificates of deposit generally involve large amounts, say 25 thousand US dollars *Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market. In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Such intellectual property may be trademarks, brand names, patents, copyrights or technology. Firms choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royaltyBesides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country. However it is not advisable to use licensing in countries with weak intellectual property protection since the licensor may have difficulty in enforcing licensing agreement.*Franchising can be regarded as a special form of licensing. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.*The franchiser can develop internationally and gain access to useful information about the local market with little risk and cost, and the franchisee can easily get into a business with established products or services. Franchising is fairly popular especially in hotel and restaurant business.*Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project.*Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. Sometimes bonusesbased on profitability or sales growth are also specified in management contracts.Government policies often have a lot to do with management contracts. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets*By contract manufacturing, a firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain, e.g. marketing, while contracting with foreign companies for the manufacture of their products. Such firms can reduce the amount of their resources devoted to manufacture and benefit from location advantages from production in host countries. However, loss of control over the production process may give rise to problems in respect of quality and time of delivery.*For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. Such projects are often large and complex and take a long period to complete. Payment for a turnkey project may be made at fixed total price or on a cost plus basis. The latter way of payment shifts the burden of possible additional cost over the original budget onto the purchaser *BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for Build, O for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project, a firm operate a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project. Needless to say, the contractor has to bear the financial and other risks that may occur in the period of operation.*Some Words and Expressionscustoms area 关税区in compliance with 遵从，遵照conversion n.货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale n.转售invisible trade 无形贸易gross domestic product 国内生产总值for short 缩写为account for 占……比例headquarters n.总部trap n.陷阱，圈套portfolio investment 证券投资stocks n.股票bonds n.债券maturity n.（票据等）到期，到期日certificate of deposit 大额存单other than 而不是licensing n.许可经营franchising n.特许经营n.商标advisable adj.可行的，适当的patent n.专利royalty n.专利使用费，许可使用费，版税copyright n.版权licensor n.给予许可的人licensee n.接受许可的人franchiser n.给予特许的人franchisee n.接受特许的人logo n.标识，标记management contract 管理合同expertise n.专门知识bonus n.红利，奖金，津贴flat adj.一律的，无变动的contract manufacturing 承包生产value chain 价值链turnkey project 交钥匙工程BOT(Build, Operate, Transfer）建设，经营，移交Stand for 表示，代表variant n.变形，变体Lesson twoIncome Level and the World Market第二课收入水平和世界市场This lesson discusses the relation between the income level and the market potential, and the features of high income, middle income and low income markets.Special analyses are made on Triad, i.e. the markets of North America,European Union and Japan, as well as other markets that are closely related with China.The first two paragraphs mainly deal with GNP and GDP, two important concepts usedto indicate the total size of an economy. GDP, Gross Domestic Product, stresses the place of production while GNP, Gross National Product, on the ownership of production factors.GDP is used by most countries now where as GNP was more popular before the 1990s. The actual figures of a country’s GNP and GDP are, however, quite similar in most cases and we can use whichever figure that is available.TEXT:In assessing the potential of a market, people often look at its income level since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents. The concepts national income and national product have roughly the same value and can be used interchangeably if our interest is in their sum total which is measured as the market value of the total output of goods and services of an economy in a given period, usually a year. The differenceis only in their emphasis. The former stresses the income generated by turning out the products while the latter, the value of the product s themselves. Gross National Product, GNP, and Gross Domestic Product, GDP, are two important concepts used to indicate a country’s total income. GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. This term was used by most governments before the 1990s国民生产总值(GNP)是最重要的宏观经济指标,它是指一个国家地区的国民经济在一定时期（一般1年）内以货币表现的全部最终产品（含货物和服务）价值的总和。
国际商务英语 考点解析 自考
国际商务英语Lesson One考点解析1. 商务知识1) major differences between international business and domestic business (国际商务与国内商务的主要不同点)A.differences in legal system (法律体系的不同): The countries involved often have different legal systems, and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with the foreign law. 不同的国家通常拥有不同的法律体系，参与商务的一方或几方不得不根据外国的法律来调整自己的经营活动。
B.differences in currencies（货币的不同）: Different countries usually use different currencies and the parties concerned will have to decide which currency to use and do everything necessary as regards conversion etc. 不同的国家通常使用不同的货币，参与商务的有关方必须选择使用哪种货币，就兑换等事宜作好一切必要的工作。
C.differences in cultural background（文化背景的不同）: +Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. often constitute challenges and even traps for people engaged in international business. 文化差异包括语言、习俗、传统、宗教、价值观和行为方式的不同，往往给从事商务的人构成挑战甚至陷阱。
自考05844国际商务英语(真题-翻译)
1有形贸易 visible trade visible trade 2无形贸易 invisible tradeinvisible trade3证券投资 Portfolio Investment portfolio investment 4大额存单 Certificate of depositcertificate of deposit 5管理合同 management contract management contract 6价值链 value chainvalue chain7承包生产 contract manufacturing contract manufacturing 8交钥匙工程 turnkey project turnkey project 9国民收入 national income national income 10人均收入 per capita income per capita income 11基础设施 infra structureinfra structure1213收入分布 income distribution income distribution 14债权国 creditor countrycreditor country15经济一体化 economic integration economic integration 16自由贸易区 free trade area free trade area 17关税税率 tariff rates tariff rates 18关税同盟 custom union custom union 19关税联盟 customs union customs union 20共同市场 common market common market 21主权国家 sovereign state sovereign state 22政治实体 political entity political entity 23行政机构 executive bodyexecutive body24欧盟委员会 European commission European commission 25部长理事会 council of ministers council of ministers 26多极化 multi-polarization multi-polarization27双部长会议 dual-Ministerial meeting dual-Ministerial meeting 28分委员会 Sub-committeeSub-committee 2930技术进步 technical improvements technical improvements 31自然资源 natural resources natural resources 32初级产品 primary commodities primary commodities 33绝对利益 absolute advantage absolute advantage 34比较利益 comparative advantage comparative advantage 35进口关税 import duty import duty 36出口关税 export dutyexport duty 37混税,复合关税 compound dutycompound duty3839税率表,税则 tariff schedule tariff schedule 40关税壁垒 tariff barriertariff barrier41非关税壁垒 non-tariff barrier non-tariff barrier 42运输工具 means of transport means of transport43古迹 places of historical interest places of historical interest 44货仓 cargo compartment cargo compartment 45关税区 customs area customs area 46从价税 advalorem dutiesadvalorem duties独立国家联合体 commonwealth of independent 国际经济环境 international economic environment 最惠国待遇 most-favoured nation (MFN) treatment47贸易术语 trade terms trade terms48贸易惯例 trading practices trading practices49商品交易会 trade fairs trade fairs50长途电话 trunk call trunk call51有效期 validity period validity period52还盘 counter offer counter offer53销售合同 sales contract sales contract54销售确认书 sales (purchase) confirmation sales (purchase) confirmation55缔约方/合约各方 contracting parties contracting parties56不可抗力 force majeure force majeure57货号 article number article number58棉布 cotton piece goods cotton piece goods59棉纱 cotton yarns cotton yarns60对销贸易 counter trade counter trade61欧洲支付联盟 European payment union European payment union62竞争性贬值 competitive devaluation competitive devaluation63加工贸易 processing trade processing trade64清算系统 clearing system clearing system65实际头寸 net positions net positions66贸易信贷往来帐户 trade credit accounts trade credit accounts67反向购买 counter purchase counter purchase68回购交易 buyback buyback69租赁贸易 leasing trade leasing trade70财务状况 financial standing financial standing71资信可靠情况 credit worthiness credit worthiness72分阶段付款 periodic payments periodic payments73预付现金 cash in advance cash in advance74汇票 draft / bill of exchange draft/bill of exchange75远期汇票 usance draft usance draft76跟单汇票 documentary draft documentary draft77提单 bill of landing bill of landing78货物所有权 title to goods title to goods79保险单 insurance policy insurance policy80跟单托收 documentary collection documentary collection81付款交单 documents against payment (D/P)documents against payment (D/P) 82承兑交单 documents against acceptance (D/A)documents against acceptance (D/A) 83光票 clean draft clean draft84开证银行opening bank opening bank85往来行 correspondence bank correspondence bank86通知行 advising bank advising bank87保兑行 confirming bank confirming bank88分批装运 partial shipment partial shipment89保兑信用证 confirmed letter of credit confirmed letter of credit90价格条款 price term price term91光票信用证 clean credit clean credit92非贸易结算 non-trade settlement non-trade settlement93可撤销信用证 revocable credit revocable credit94不可撤销信用证 irrevocable credit irrevocable credit95双重保障 double assurance double assurance96即期信用证 sight credit sight credit97远期信用证 usance credit usance credit98面值 face value face value99可转让信用证 transferable credit transferable credit100不可转让信用证 non-transferable credit non-transferable credit101无汇票信用证 non-draft credit non-draft credit102推迟付款 deferred payment deferred payment103循环信用证 revolving credit revolving credit104唛头 shipping marks shipping marks105被通知人 notify party notify party106货运收据 cargo receipt cargo receipt107发运港 port of shipment port of shipment108海关发票 custom invoice custom invoice109领事发票 consular invoice consular invoice110装船通知 shipping advice shipping advice111产品自然领域 natural product provinces natural product provinces112公共承运人 common carrier common carrier113契约承运人 contract carrier contract carrier114自有承运人 private carrier private carrier115中间产品 intermediate product intermediate product116制成品 finished products finished products117最大诚信原则 utmost good faith utmost good faith118货物原产地港口 port of origin port of origin119交货费用 forwarding charges forwarding charges导致损失的直接原因 proximate cause of the loss120121汇率 exchange rate exchange rate122金本位制 gold standard gold standard123平价 par value par value124储备货币 reversed currency reversed currency125清洁浮动 clean float (free float-自由浮动)clean float 清洁浮动 (free float 自由浮动) 126肮脏浮动 dirt float (managed float-管理浮动)dirt float 肮脏浮动 (managed float 管理浮动) 127(汇率)直接标价 direct quote direct quote128(汇率)间接标价 indirect quote indirect quote129买入价 buying rate buying rate130卖出价 selling rate selling rate131中间价 medial rate medial rate132大萧条 Great Depression great depression133特别提款权 special drawing right special drawing right134国际收支赤字 BOP deficit BOP deficit135国际收支盈余 favorable balance of payment favorable balance of payment136贴现率 discount rate discount rate137外汇管制 foreign exchange control foreign exchange control138游资 idle funds (hot money)idle funds (hot money)139世界银行集团 word bank group word bank group140资本市场 capital market capital market141优惠期 grace period grace period142私营经济 private sector private sector143股权投资 equity investment equity investment144经济结构调整 economic restructuring economic restructuring145投票权 voting power voting power146黄金份额 gold tranche gold tranche147备用(信贷)安排 standby arrangement standby arrangement148客户流动 customer mobility customer mobility149免税期 tax holiday tax holiday150合资企业 joint venture joint venture151绿地战略 the greenfield strategy the greenfield strategy152战略联合 the strategic alliance the strategic alliance153知识产权 intellectual property intellectual property154常务委员会 standing committee standing committee155证券交易所 stock exchange stock exchange156长期资本 long-term capital long-term capital157二级资本市场 secondary capital market secondary capital market158交易场地 market floor (trading floor)market floor (trading floor)159挂牌证券交易市场 listed market listed market160所得税 income tax income tax161平衡帐目 balance the books balance the books 公共部门借贷需求 the public sector borrowing requirement162163金边证券 gilt-edged stocks / securities gilt-edged stocks/securities164事业机构投资商 institutional investors institutional investors165期权 options options166套期保值 hedge hedge167具体事场 particular market area particular market area168普惠制 generalized system of preferences generalized system of preferences 169关税减让 tariff concession tariff concession170制度力量 institutional strength institutional strength171反贴补措施 counter-veiling measures counter-veiling measures172反倾销 anti-dumping anti-dumping173国民待遇 national treatment national treatment174关税配额 tariff quota tariff quota175充分就业 full employment full employment176公平贸易 fair trade fair trade177贸易条款 term of trade term of trade178免责条款 escape clauses escape clauses179行动纲领 action programme action programme180联合国大会 united nations general assembly united nations general assembly 181较不发达国家 less-developed countries less-developed countries182无差别待遇 non-discrimination principle non-discrimination principle183差别待遇 differential treatment differential treatment184贸易条件 terms of trade terms of trade185186特惠税 preferential customs tariffs preferential customs tariffs 187技术转让 transfer of technology transfer of technology188金融市场 financial market financial market189中期贷款 extended fund facility extended fund facility190双边谈判 bilateral negotiation bilateral negotiation191特约条款 special clause special clause192董事会 board of directors board of directors193生产方式 production approach production approach194可保利益 insurable interest insurable interest195缓冲库存贷款 buffer stock financing facility buffer stock financing facility 196跨国公司母公司 parent MNC parent MNC197记帐交易 open credit open credit198滚装滚卸范畴运输 roll-on and roll-off traffic roll-on and roll-off traffic199规模经济 economies of scale economies of scale200有价保单 valued policy valued policy201从量税 specific duty specific duty202业务范围 business line business line203基础设施 capital infrastructure capital infrastructure204布雷顿森林会议 the Bretton woods convention the Bretton woods convention 205保证金 margin margin206统一关税制度 uniform tariff system uniform tariff system207208209210211212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224电子数据交换EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)购买力平价PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)增值税VAT (value added tax)国际经济新秩序 new international economic order石油输出国组织OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)东南亚国家联盟ASEAN (Association of SouthEast Asian Nations)北美自由贸易协定NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)多边投资担保机构MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency)经济及社会理事会ECOSOC (economic social council)国际开发协会IDA (International Development Association)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development)零库存 just-in-time delivery (JIT)自动出口限制VER (Voluntary Export Restriction)投资交易所RIE (Recognized Investment Exchange)国际复兴开发银行IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)国际金融公司IFC (International Finance Corporation)。
国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)
Unit 1~2 Mercantilism重商主义Trade surplus 贸易顺差Quota and tariff配额和关税Zero-sum game零和博弈Positive-sum game常和博弈The theory of absolute advantage绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Factor endowments要素禀赋理论Product life cycle 产品生命周期Economies of scale 规模经济First mover advantage先占优势Barrier to entry进入(市场)壁垒Porter’s diamond theory波特的钻石理论National competitive advantage国家竞争优势The department of commerce 商务部Letter of credit信用证Draft /bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading B/L 提单Sight draft即期汇票Time draft 远期汇票Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑Trade acceptance商业承兑汇票Countertrade 对等贸易Barter 易货贸易Switch trading 转手贸易Offset 抵消Counter purchase 互购贸易Compensation trade 补偿贸易1.波特钻石理论的主要内容①Factor endowments ②Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry③ Demand conditions ④Relating and supporting industries2.对等贸易的主要类型和优缺点①Types of countertradeCountertrade has evolved into a diverse set of activities that can be categorized as five distinct types of trading arrangements: barter, counter purchase, offset, switch trading, and compensation or buyback②The pros and cons of countertrade优：① The main attraction of countertrade is that it can give a firm a way to finance an export deal when other means are not available.② Thus if a firm is unwilling to enter into a countertrade agreement, it may lose an export opportunity to a competitor that is willing to make a countertrade agreement.缺：① Countertrade contracts may involve the exchange of unusable or poor-quality goods that the firm cannot dispose of profitably② In addition, even if the goods it receives are of high quality, the firm still needs to dispose of them profitably.Unit 3Strategic alliance 战略联盟Licensing 许可证Joint venture 合资经营Contracting 承包经营Partnership 合资人Return on investment 投资回报率Franchising 特许经营Contract manufacturing 生产承包Management contracting 管理承包1.许可贸易的优缺点优：①The basic advantage in licensing as contrasted to other approaches is theease and low cost of entering a foreign market.②Licensing is also advantageous in that it can be used to test a foreignmarket without the risk of capital loss should the market not be receptive to the manufacturer’s product.缺：①The greatest disadvantages to the licensor are that a potential competitoris set up.②There is a lack of control over production and marketing.③There may be incomplete market exploration.Unit 4Foreign direct investment 外国直接投资Small and medium-sized firms 中小企业Horizontal FDI 横向外国直接投资Vertical FDI 纵向外国直接投资Product life cycle 产品生命周期Backward vertical FDI 后移纵向外国直接投资Forward vertical FDI 前移纵向外国直接投资Transportation costs 运输成本Market impediments 市场阻碍Market power 市场力量Oligopoly 寡头垄断Specialized assets 特殊资产1.影响横向对外投资的因素①Transportation costs ②Market imperfections④Following competitors ④The product life cycle2.What are the impediments to the sale of know-how?①Licensing may result in a firm’s giving away its technological know-how to a potential foreign competitor.②Licensing does not give a firm the tight control over manufacturing, marketing, and strategy in a foreign country that may be required to profitably exploit tis advantage in know-how.③A firm’s know-how may not be amenable to licensing.Unit 5Bretton Woods System 布雷顿森林体系Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率制OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Floating exchange rate regime 浮动汇率制Plaza Accord 和平广场协议Louvre Accord 卢浮宫协议Foreign exchange market 外汇市场European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系EMSExchange Rate Mechanism 汇率机制ERMEuropean Currency Unit欧元 ECUTrade deficit贸易赤字Real interest 实际利息Balance of payment 收支平衡表Forward market 期货市场Swaps 掉期交易1. 布雷顿森林体系/固定汇率制瓦解的主要原因As the only currency that could be converted into gold, and as the currency that served as the reference point for all others①It was financed by an increase in the money supply, which, in turn, led to a rise in price inflation from less than 4percent in 1966 to dose to 9 percent by 1968②The rise in government spending had stimulated the economy③Gave rise to speculation in the foreign exchange market that the dollar would be devalued④Weakening dollars lose its credibility.2. What are the reasons for the unexpected rise in the dollar between 1980 and 1985, and what are the reasons for the rapid fall of the US dollar between 1985 and 1987?The reasons for the unexpected rise in the value of the dollar between 1980 and 1985:①Strong economic growth in the US attracted heavy inflows of capital from foreign investors seeking high returns on capital assets.②High real interest rate attracted foreign investors seeking high vellums on financial assets③Political turmoil in other parts of the world.The reasons for 1985 and 1987：The fall in the value of the dollar between 1985 and 198 was caused by a combination of government intervention and market forces.Unit 6Common law 普通法Code civil law 成文法Roman law 罗马法Industrial property right 工业产权Act of god 不可抗力Element forces of nature 天灾自然因素Arbitration 仲裁Conciliation 调节Litigation 诉讼World court at the Hague 海牙国际法庭Tribunals for arbitration 仲裁庭U.N. convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of ForeignArbitral/Awards 联合国承认和执行外国仲裁裁决公约International Chamber of commerce 国际商会1. What are the differences between two legal systems in solving commercial disputes?①Under common law, commercial disputes are subject to laws which may be applied to either civil or commercial disputes since there is no specific recognition of commercial problems as such.②Code law differs in that there is a separate code specifically designed for business2. What are the procedures used by formal arbitration organizations? The usual arbitration procedure is for the parties involved to select a disinterested and informed party or parties as referee to determine the merits of the case and make a judgment that both parties agree to honor.Unit 7Intellectual property rights 知识产权Trade mark copyright, patents, trade secrets 商标权，版权，专利权，商业秘密Intangible assets, tangible assets 无形资产，有形资产Trademark registration 商标注册Generic terms 通称Infringement 侵权GATT 关贸总协定General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade1. What does intellectual property right consist of?①It consists of the products of individual’s minds—products that result from intellectual, creative processes.②Trademarks, copyrights and patents are all forms of intellectual propertyUnit 8The TRIPS agreement 与贸易有关的知识产权协议Need Hierarchy 需求层次理论Self-reference criterion 自我参考标准The adoption process 接纳过程理论High-context cultures 高背景文化Low-context cultures 低背景文化Poly-chromic time 多元化时间观Mono-chromic time 单一性时间观Perception 观念1. What are the characteristics of culture?①It is not innate, but learned②The various facts of culture are interrelated-touch a culture in one place andeverything else is affected.③It is shared by the members of a group and defines the boundaries betweendifferent groups.2. What are the main contents of Need Hierarchy theory?①Self-actualization ②Esteem ③Social ④Safety ⑤Physiological3. What is the concept of adoption process? How many stages will a person undergo before he can finally purchase a new product?Adoption process─through which an individual passes from the time of his or her first knowledge of an innovation to the time of adopting or purchase of the innovation.These stages are as follows: ①awareness ②interest ③evaluation④trial ⑤adoption4. What are the adopter categories? What is the feature for early adopter?Adopter categories are classifications of individuals within a market on the basis of their innovativeness. They include innovators、early adopters, the early majority, the late majority and laggards.The future for early adopter: They tend to be younger, have higher social status and in a more favorable financial position than later adopter. They must be responsive to mass-media information sources and must learn about innovation form these sourcesbecause they cannot simply copy the behavior of earlier adopters.Unit 9Organizational behavior组织行为学Multinational Corporation 跨国公司Maquiladoras 马基拉朵拉工厂Parochialism 地方主义NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定North American Free Trade AgreementKluckhohn-Strudtbeck framework 克拉克洪─斯托特柏克构架Hofstede framework 霍夫斯诺德构架BRICS 金砖五国巴西俄罗斯印度中国南非APEC 亚太经合组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation1. Identify the sic cultural dimensions in the Kluckhohn-strodtbeck framework.①Relationship to the environment ②time orientation③nature of people ④Activity orientation⑤focus of responsibility ⑥conception of space2. Explain the dimensions of national culture in Hofstede framework.①Individualism versus collectivism②power distance③uncertainty avoidance④masculinity versus femininity。
国际贸易商务英语
国际贸易商务英语一、商务：what time would be convenient for you?你看什么时间比较方便？I'd like to suggest a toast to our cooperation.我想建议为我们的合作干一杯。
Here is to our next project!为我们下一个项目干杯！would you please tell me when you are free?请问你什么时候有空？gald to have the opportunity of visting your ompany and I hope to conclude some business with you。
很高兴能有机会拜访贵公司，希望能与你们做成交易。
what I care about is the quality of the goods.我关心的是货物的质量。
please have a look at those samples.请给我看一下那些样品。
I'd like to know any business connections abroad.我想多了解一些你们公司。
I would be happy to supply samples and a price list for you.我很乐意提供样品和价格单给你。
can I have your price list?你能给我价格单吗？will you give us an indication of prices?你可以给我报一个指示性的价格吗？I am in charge of export business.我负责出口生意。
I'm thinking of ordering some of your goods.我正考虑向你们订货。
what about the prices?那价格方面怎么样？Let's call it a deal.好，成交！our product is the best seller.我们的产品最畅销。
自考国际商务英语课件
International Business English
LESSON TWO Income level and the world market
Business Knowledge
GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a country’s total income. GNP (gross national product) refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.(国民原则). GDP measures the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy（国土原则）. The major difference between them is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place; the former stresses the income generated by turning out the products while the latter ,the value of the products themselves. And we can use them interchangeable. Per capita income and per capita GDP Per capita income is calculated by dividing its national income by its population. per capita GDP is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population. Per capita GDP reveals the average income level of consumers, which is important when marketing consumer durables.
国际商务英语汉译英翻译
制其投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。
past decade, especially in China since
15、最惠国待遇并不是什么特殊待遇，而只
Foreign direct investments of FDI for the country is playing an active role it. 是正常的贸易地位。受惠国只是享有被征收
即各国生产相比较而言效率更高的那种特殊
overseeing 23deaprtments in charge of 产品。更理想的是，各国集中专门生产它的
19、 2000 年对国际贸易术语解释通则的修改 考虑了无关税区的发展，商务活动中电子通
different affairs.
特殊产品，然后再进行相互间的贸易。
zones, the increased use of electronic
出口商所开出的汇票后，便可得到单据，而
conformity with those in the L/C.
communication, and the transport practices.
change in
付款则要晚于这个时间。 In the case of documents against
是促进世界和各国经济发展的最有效的工 具。
17、《买卖双方在制定合同时，如果有理解一 致的具体规则可供参照，他们就肯定简单、
neighbours separated only by a strip of
Technology, capital and ready markets are 可靠地确定各自的责任》 。
in an-other.
Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation(APEC)
国际商务英语
国际商务英语贸易术语：1.EXW （Ex Work）工厂交货2.FCA （Free Carrier）货交承运人3.FAS （Free Alongside Ship）船边交货4.FOB （Free On Board）船上交货5.CFR （Cost and Freight）成本加运费6.CIF （Cost Insurance and Freight）成本、保险和运费7.CPT（Carriage Paid to）运费付至8.CIP（Carriage Insurance Paid to）运费、保险费付至9.DAF（Delivered At Frontier）边境交货10.DES（Delivered Ex Ship）目的港船上交货11.DEQ（Delivered Ex Quay）目的港码头交货12.DDU（Delivered Duty Unpaid）未完税交货13.DDP（Delivered Duty Paid）完税后交货mercial Councilor’s Office 商务参赞处15.consignor 委托人、发货人、寄售人16.consignee 受托人、收货人、承售人17.firm 商号、商店、公司18.corporation 公司商会19.private-owned corporation 私有公司20.nonprofit corporation 非营利公司21.public corporation（state-operated corporation）国有公司22.limited liability company （股份）有限公司23.agent 代理人agency 代理代理权sole distributor 独家经销代理sole distributorship 独家经销代理权distributor 经销人distributorship 经销权24.duplicate 副本25.in duplicate 一式两份26.in triplicate 一式三份27.stipulation 规定28.rule 法则w 法律30.term 条款31.cash on delivery 货到付款（缩写C.O.D）32.m/t 公吨33.The sight L/C 即期信用证34.The usance L/C 远期信用证35.The revocable L/C 可撤销信用证36.The irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证37.partical shipment（s）分批装运38.Transshipment 转船39.Liner 定期班轮40.Tramp 不定期货轮41.Fragile 易碎42.Easy to Be Damaged 易损43.Easy to Be Deteriorated 易变质44.Inflammable易燃、Explosive 易爆、Poisonous有毒45.。
国际商务英语Chapter6 Offer & Counter-offer
Offer & Counter-offer
V. Time allocation 1 class: Introduction of Firm offer, non-firm offer and counter offer 2 classes: Sample analysis
VI. Teaching procedures:
虚盘是报盘人所作的非承诺性的表示，报盘人不受约束。虚盘 不必有完备的内容和完备的交易条件，并常有保留条件，如 “以我方最后确认为准（Subject to our final confirmation ）”，或“以我货未售出为准（Subject to Goods Being unsold）”等。虚盘的表达方式有： We are making an offer for the following, subject to our final confirmation. This offer is made subject to the goods being unsold. We submit you this offer subject to prior sale. The price quoted is subject to changes without notice.
实盘是报盘人有肯定的顶礼合同的意图，所发的实盘内容必须清楚确 切，没有含糊和摸棱两可的词句，买卖商品的主要交易条件是完整的，肯 定的。 一般应有：商品的名称、品质、规格、包装、数量、交货期、价格、支 付方式等主要交易条件。报盘人没有任何其他保留条件，只要受盘人在有 效期内或合理的时间内表示完全同意，交易即达成。 报盘人发盘时，既可以明确提出这是一个实盘（常用术语为“报实盘” 字样）， 也可以不加注明。另外，我们报盘一般应规定有效期。在有效期 内，报盘人在法律上受约束，但有效期并不是报盘的必不可少的条件。 实盘的表达方式有： We are making you this offer subject to your reply reaching here before the 15th this month. We offer firm the following subject to your acceptance within 5 days.
国际商务英语
国际商务英语一、汉译英1、国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而此国内贸易要复杂得多。
International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than, domestic business.2、有形贸易是指将在一国生产或制造的商品，出口或进口到另一国消费或转售。
Visible trade refers to exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in an-other.3、外国直接投资，简称FDI。
投资者通过控制其投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。
Foreign direct investments of FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.4、国民生产总值指一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。
GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.5、日本和中国是重要贸易伙伴，两国经济互补，又是一衣带水的近邻。
中日贸易关系对两国都有重要的意义。
With mutually complementary economy, Japan and China are major trade partners, and the two countries are close neighbours separated only by a strip of water. Sino-Japanese relations are therefore of great importance to both countries.6、加拿大和美国有很长的共同边境，而且大部分加拿大居民居住在边境地区。
国际商务英语口语(第三版)unit1-5
LOGO
USEFUL SENTENCES
卖方陈述坚守信用证的理由
1. It is our usual practice to require sight L/C. We cannot make an exception this time.
要求即期信用证/见票即付的信用证支付是我方的一贯作法。这次不能破例。 2. L/C is a reliable and safe method of payment, and it protects the
USEFUL SENTENCES
LOGO
做出让步
1. As a special accommodation, we agree to your proposal and accept payment by D/P at sight, but this should not be regarded as a precedent.
占用资金
T/T (telegraphic transfer)
电汇
additional [ ə'diʃənl ] adj. .
额外的
expense [ ik'spens ] n.
费用
profit margin
利润空间
down payment
定金
remit [ ri'mit ] v.
汇款
a/c no. (account no.)
3. For such a small amount, payment by L/C involves additional expenses for us. 由于金额太少，用信用证支付增加了我们额外的花费。
4. Opening an L/C causes us a lot of expenses because it requires a certain sum of deposit in the bank. 因为开立信用证需要一笔保证金，这给我们带来很大的花销。
国际商务英语 05844 江苏自考 汉译英
LESSON 1 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS国际商务1. 国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic countries.2. 随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。
因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。
With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.3. 其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。
Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project.4. 国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。
International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.5. 除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。
专业名称英语专业(国际商务英语方向)(本科) 专业代码2
专业名称：英语专业（国际商务英语方向）（本科） 专业代码：291
序号课程代码
课 程 名 称
学分课程类别考试方式
可顶替本专业的其他专业计划课程课程名称
专业代码及名称
11180中国近现代史纲要2必考笔试中国近现代史纲要597英语（本）
2
1181马克思主义基本原理概论
4必考
笔试马克思主义基本原理概论
3
0039第二外语（德语）6任选一门
笔试第二外语（德语）0055
第二外语（法语）6笔试第二外语（法语）
0837日语(一)7笔试日语(一)0838俄语(一)
7笔试
俄语(一)
1196
第二外国语（韩语）6笔试第二外国语（韩语）40073高级英语12必考笔试高级英语5
0294
外贸英语写作
8必考笔试外贸英语写作
585国际贸易（本）
60685外刊经贸知识选读6必考笔试外刊经贸知识选读73272商务英语翻译6必考笔试英语翻译597英语（本）
83273国际市场营销学(英文)
4必考笔试英语写作93274国际商务(英文)4必考笔试英美文学选读100559英语听力(本)3必考笔试英语听力(本)11
4576英语口译3必考实践英语口译12
1099国际商务英语6任选一门笔试国际商务英语0109国际金融6笔试国际金融
587金融（本）
0105管理学原理6笔试管理学原理0799电子商务概论4笔试电子商务概论577信息管理与服务（本）
4741电子商务概论实践2实践电子商务概论实践13
4156
英语(国际商务英语)毕业论文
通过实践
英语毕业论文
597英语（本）。
商务英语专业有哪几个考研方向
商务英语专业有哪几个考研方向很多商务英语专业的小伙伴都想通过考研来提高自己的学历，而选择考研方向也是大家所关心的问题，下面是由编辑为大家整理的“商务英语专业有哪几个考研方向”，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读本文。
商务英语专业有哪几个考研方向商务英语专业考研方向1：英语笔译英语笔译(专业硕士)(学科代码：055101)是翻译下的二级学科专业。
翻译硕士专业学位的英文名称为“Master of Translation and Interpreting”，英文缩写为MTI。
英语笔译专业设置旨在培养德、智、体全面发展，能适应全球经济一体化及提高我国国际竞争力的需要、具有较强的语言运用能力，熟练的翻译技能和宽广的知识面，适应国家经济、文化、社会建设需要的高层次、应用型、专业性笔译人才。
(专业硕士)英语笔译专业培养目标此专业的毕业生毕业后应具备几下几方面的能力：1、具备良好的政治思想素质和职业道德素养。
2、有较强的语言运用能力、熟练的翻译技能和宽广的知识面。
3、能够胜任不同专业领域所需的高级翻译工作4、具有专业笔译能力的高级翻译人才。
(专业硕士)英语笔译就业方向就业前景：随着中国国际化程度的加深，与各国的经济贸易文化等方面的往来也越来越频繁，所以为了深化交流，增强沟通，中国需要众多外语类的高级人才，尤其是在英语方向的翻译人才。
因此(专业硕士)英语笔译的就业前景是十分乐观的。
尤其是在学习期间辅修经贸、金融等其他专业的学生更是目前炙手可热的人才。
就业去向：英语笔译专业的优秀毕业生可以在国家机关、外事、外贸、外企、各类涉外金融机构、商务管理公司、专业翻译机构、出版、新闻、旅游、高级宾馆酒店等部门，承担商务管理、商务翻译、外贸洽谈、经贸文秘、英语编辑、英语记者、驻外商务代理、涉外公关、涉外导游等工作;也可在中学、中专、职高、技校和英语语言培训中心、大中专院校及科研部门等从事教学和科研工作。
商务英语专业考研方向2：英语口译(专业硕士)英语口译专业介绍英语口译是(专业硕士)(学科代码：055102)翻译下的二级学科专业。
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8 3-4
44
学习技巧与交流 (1-2)(Study and Communication(1-2)) 4 3-4
22
英语国家概况(1-2)(The English-speaking World (1-2)) 4 3-4
专 商务英语会话
业 核 心
进出口英语函电 高级英语(1-2)
24 24 4 5-6
同
计算机应用基础
课
大学语文
2 1-2 2 2 212
体育
2 1-2 2 2
英语精读(1-4)
24 1-4 6 6 6 6
英语听力(1-5)
8 1-5 2 2 2 1 1
学科基础课 英语口语(1-2)
4 1-2 2 2
英语泛读(1-3)
4 1-3 2 1 1
英语语法与写作
222Leabharlann 国际商务英语入门(1-2)(Introduction to English for International Business(1-2))
⑷在实践环境中分析问题、解决问题的能力：开设专业模拟训练课程——商 务英语应用能力自主训练（多媒体），通过在课程教学中的精心设计，培养学生学 以致用的能力。
⒊素质 ⑴具有较高的综合人文素质：通过开设专业和选修课，如英语国家概况、跨 文化交际等课程，培养学生对英语国家社会文化概况的了解，加厚学生的人文底 蕴，培养学生对社会和人文问题的思考、分析能力和解决实际问题的能力。 ⑵采用先进和适合的教学理论和方法，先进的教学手段，通过多种多样的培 养方式，鼓励和保护学生创新意识，强调学以致用，培养学生自主学习的积极性 和能力，树立终生学习的理念。 三、培养方式 本专业的培养方式，具体包括： ⑴适当采用多媒体教学，丰富教学手段，调动课堂气氛，增强学生的课堂参 与度； ⑵采用先进和适合的教学理论和方法，增强师生互动； ⑶及时更新教学内容，在课堂上补充新鲜的语言和商务活动素材，适当采用 案例教学； ⑷增加选修课，丰富学生的人文知识，增强学生的综合素质；
4 4-5
22
选修课
6 1-6
专业模拟训练课 商务英语应用能力自主训练（多媒体）
2 1-4 2 2 2 2
军训
111
社会实践
2 1-6
合计
134
24 25 32 28 18 14
注:
1.以“1.2”为例，点号表示在所标示的学期内滚动开课；以“1-2”为例，连接号表示在所标示的学期内连续 开课；以“2+(1)”为例，+(1)表示有课外学时，不计学分。
22
业
跨文化交际(1-2)(Intercultrual Communication(1-2))
4 5-6
课
经济学原理
32
3
22
商务入门(1-2)(Introduction to Business(1-2))
4 3-4
22
营销入门(1-2)(Introduction to Marketing(1-2))
课 国际商务英语中级(1-2)(Intermediate English for International Business(1-2))
8 5-6
22 2 2 22
44
国际商务经营英语(1-2)(English for International
4 5-6
专
Business Enterprise(1-2))
英语（国际商务英语方向，专科，中英合作）专业培养方案
一、培养目标 本专业由我校与英国中兰开夏大学（University of Central Lancashire）合作举 办，为各类外经贸企、事业单位培养语言应用能力和实践能力强、有团队协作精 神、具有跨学科知识的商务英语专门人才。本专业要求学生具有熟练的英语听、 说、读、写、译能力，熟悉国际贸易基本知识和国际商务惯例，并掌握一门第二 外语（日语或法语），对涉及国际商务的职业有较强的适应能力。 培养的具体目标包括： ⒈具有扎实的英语语言应用基本功； ⒉对英语国家社会状况、文化习俗具有一定的认识和了解； ⒊有较强的英语语言听、说、读、写、译能力； ⒋懂得第二门外语； ⒌熟悉外经贸理论与实务； ⒍具有较强的社会实践能力。 二、培养规格 ⒈知识结构 在知识结构方面要求掌握英语语言应用、翻译学、国际经贸等三个方面的理 论知识和应用技能。 ⑴在语言应用方面着重了解和掌握与商务英语应用相关的理论知识； ⑵在翻译学方面注重了解和掌握基本的英汉互译理论和技巧； ⑶在国际经贸方面要求掌握经济学、国际贸易理论、国际贸易实务的理论与 知识。 本专业引进英方 12 门商务英语、商务实践和英语国家社会文化方面的课程， 具体课程设置详见本专业指导性教学计划。 ⒉能力 通过培养，学生应具备以下几方面的能力： ⑴具有扎实的语言基本功：通过开设语言基础课程，如英语精读、泛读、听 力、口语和语法与写作等课程，努力培养学生扎实的语言基本功，积累基本的语
⑻利用网络辅助教学手段，充分利用现代化的交流工具打破时空限制，加强 与学生的沟通。
四、教学质量保证措施 本专业全面执行学校《教学质量保证体系》和外语学院保证教学质量的有关 规定。 五、学制 三学年为基本学制，并实行弹性学制。详见《上海对外贸易学院全日制本、 专科生学分制学籍管理规定》。 六、成绩考核 课程考核合格，给予相应的成绩、绩点和学分。成绩考核严格按照《上海对 外贸易学院本科学分制培养方案总则》、《上海对外贸易学院全日制本、专科生学 分制学籍管理规定》和《上海对外贸易学院课程考核管理办法》的有关规定执行。 七、社会实践 学生必须参加学校要求的社会实践活动并取得相应的学分。 八、毕业 学生在规定的时间内完成培养方案规定的全部课程和学习任务，获得相应的 学分，并符合各项要求者，准予毕业并发给毕业证书。 九、专业指导性教学计划 本专业指导性教学计划见附表。
2.“体育”1学分2课时；“商务英语应用能力自主训练（多媒体）”0.5学分2课时；“计算机应用基础”1学 分2课时。
⑸设立学生资料室，培养学生自主学习的积极性和能力，将学习方法的指导 融汇到理论知识的教授当中，树立终生学习的理念；
⑹大力提倡课内外相结合的学习方法，建立教师辅导制度，加强教师对学生 有针对性的课外辅导；
⑺强调实践教学环节和“任务式”教学，精心设计实践活动和实践任务，加 强阶段性指导，强调“学”与“用”的统一；
言素材，并为高级阶段的学习打下良好的基础； ⑵具有较强的语言应用能力：通过开设专业和选修课程，如高级英语、商务
英语会话等课程，训练和培养学生的听、说、读、写、译等方面的语言应用能力， 使他们在掌握语言素材的基础上能够灵活、熟练地结合实际情景运用语言；
⑶具有扎实的国际商务知识和相关的应用能力：通过开设相关专业课，如经 济学原理、国际贸易实务、国际金融、营销入门、商务和管理实践、商务入门、 会计学、国际贸易等经贸类课程，使学生广泛涉猎经贸学科的基础理论和知识， 熟悉和了解经贸实务和法律法规；同时通过开设语言与进出口贸易等商务活动的 具体环节相结合的语言应用课程，如国际商务英语、商务英语会话、进出口英语 函电、国际商务经营英语等课程，培养学生在商务环境中结合经贸业务运用语言 的能力；
英语（国际商务英语方向，专科，中英合作）专业指导性教学计划
课程类别
课程名称
应修 开课
分学期周课时分布
学分 学期 1 2 3 4 5 6
思想道德修养与法律基础
2 1.2 2+(1)
全 思想政治 毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想 校 理论课 概论
4
3.4
4+(2)
共
形势与政策
1-5 1 1 1 1 1
4 3-4
22
相 国际金融(1-2)(International Finance(1-2))
4 5-6
22
关 商务和管理实践(1-2)(Business and Management
专 Practice(1-2))
业 国际贸易 课 国际贸易实务
4 5-6
22 23
2 2
22
会计学
23
2
第二外语(日语1-2) 第二外语(法语1-2)