英文缩略词、缩写符号
小学英语中常见的字母缩略词
小学英语中常见的字母缩略词(适合于各种版本)长度单位千米:km 米:m 分米:dm 厘米:cm 毫米:mm方位缩略词东:E 南:S 西:W 北:N国家名称中国:PRC 美国:USA 英国:UK 俄罗斯:RUS法国:FRA 德国:DEU 日本:JPN媒体、通讯和信息技术等美国之音:VOA 英国广播公司:BBC 中国中央电视台:CCTV 电视:TV 音乐电视:MTV 电话:Tel 电子公告栏:BBS 光盘:CD 录像光盘:VCD 数字光盘:DVD信息技术:IT 中央处理器:CPU 集成电路:IC传真:FAX 国际求救信号:SOS 邮政信箱:POB邮政特快专递:EMS时间缩略词及时间单位上午:A.M.(a.m.) 下午:P.M.(p.m.)公元:AD 公元前:BC小时:h 分钟:min 秒:s数学与电学面积:S 长:l 宽:w 高:h 未知数:x 半径:r瓦:W 福特:V 安培:A星期的缩略名称星期天:Sun.星期一:Mon.星期二:Tue.星期三:Wed.星期四:Thu.星期五:Fri.星期六:Sat.型号缩略词特大号:XL 大号:L 中号:M 小号:S药物、疾病及学位的缩略词止痛片:APC (农药)滴滴涕:DDT非典:SARS 艾滋病:HIV博士、医生:Dr. 工商管理硕士:MBA 文学学士:BA月份的缩略名称一月:Jan. 二月:Feb.三月:Mar.四月:Apr.五月:May 六月:Jun.七月:Jul.八月:Aug.九月:Sep. 十月:Oct. 十一月:Nov.十二月:Dec.重量单位吨:t 千克:kg 克:g组织名称联合国:UN 世界贸易组织:WTO 联合国安全理事会:UNSC 欧盟:EU 联合国教科文组织:UNESCO 国际奥委会:IOC国际标准组织:ISO 北大西洋公约组织:NATO中国民航:CAAC 特别行政区:SAR联邦调查局:FBI 美国职业篮球联赛:NBA其他有趣的缩略词基础知识:ABC 地址:Add. 音乐节目主持人:DJ情商:EQ 出口:EXP 香港:HK 进口:IMP智商:IQ 肯德基:KFC 商标:TM飞碟、不明飞行物:UFO 重要人物:VIP 厕所:WC。
常用英文缩写
常用英文缩略词:e.g.=for examplei.e.=that isetc.=et cetera1st=first2nd=second∴=therefore∵=because△=replace<less than&=andW/=withBuilding=bldgvery expensive=v expeducation=eduair-conditioner=a/c1.表示各种组织或机构的缩略词APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经贸合作组织IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克,石油输出国组织WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织2.表示各种系统的缩略词BBS (Bulletin Board System) 电子布告栏系统或(Bulletin Board Service)电子布告服务GPS (Global Position System) 全球定位系统GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) 全球移动通信系统CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) 计算机集成制造系统DOS (Disc Operating System) 磁盘操作系统ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) 智能交通系统NMD (National Missile Defense) 国家导弹防御系统TMDE (Test, Measure and Diagnostic Euipment) 试验、测量与诊断设备NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) 纳斯达克,<美>全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会3.有关职务或学位的缩略词CEO (Chief Executive Officer) 首席执行官CFO (Chief Finance Officer) 首席财务官CIO (Chief Information Officer) 首席信息官COO (Chief Operating Officer) 首席运行官CTO (Chief Technology Officer)首席技术官CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 注册会计师MBA (Master of Business Administration) 工商管理硕士MPA (Master of Public Administration) 公共管理硕士4.有关金融方面的缩略词ATM (Automated Teller Machine) 自动取款(出纳)机CBD (Central Business District) 中央商务区GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值GNP (Gross National Product) 国民生产总值5.有关考试方面的缩略词CET (College English Test) 大学英语等级考试GRE (Graduate Record Examination) 美国研究生入学考试PETS (Public English Test System) 全国英语等级考试6.其他方面的缩略词AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ) 获得性免疫功能丧失综合症,即艾滋病AM (Amplitude Modulation) 调幅APC(aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine; compound aspirin; heat-relieving and pain-killing medicine consisting of aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine) 复方阿斯匹林API (Air Pollution Index) 空气污染指数CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) 码分多址,一种无线电发射和接受方式CD (Compact Disc) 激光唱盘CIP (Cataloguing in Publication)预编目录DIY (Do It Yourself)指自己动手装电脑,缝制衣服,做贺卡等DVD (Digital Video Disc) 数字化视频光盘EMS (Express Mail Service) 邮政特快专递EQ (Emotional Quotient) 情商IQ (Intelligence Quotient) 智商IT (Information Technology) 信息技术OA (Office Automation) 办公自动化OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) 原始设备制造商PC (Personal Computer)个人计算机PT (Particular Transfer) 特别转让SOHO (Small Office Home Office) 小型家居办公室SOS (Save Our Souls; radio signal once used universally to appeal for help esp. by a ship or boat; urgent request for help from sb. in trouble) 国际上曾通用的紧急呼救信号,也用于一般的求救或求助ST (Special Treatment) 特别处理VIP (Very Important Person) 要人VOD (Video on Demand) 视频点播WWW (World Wide Web) 万维网AM=上午PM=下午AAMA 美国汽车制造商协会ACEA 欧洲汽车制造商协会AGMA 美国齿轮制造商协会API 美国石油学会ASTM 美国材料与试验协会CCMC 欧洲共同市场汽车制造商协会(ACEA前身)CEC 欧洲协调委员会CMA 美国化学品制造商协会DIN 德国试验标准EMA 美国发动机制造商协会GB 中国国家试验标准ILSAC 国际润滑油标准和批准委员会ISO 国际标准化组织JAMA 日本汽车制造商协会JASE 日本汽车工程师协会JASO 日本汽车标准化组织JIS 日本工业标准LMOA 美国机车保养员协会NF 法国试验标准NLGI 美国润滑脂协会NMMA 美国船舶制造商协会NPRA 美国石油炼制协会SAE 美国汽车工程师协会VG 粘度级别WWW----万维网(World Wide Wdb);Http---超文本传输协议(Hypertext transfer protocol);FTP----文件传输协议(File Transfer Protocol);TCP----传输控制协议(Transmission Control Protocol);IP-----网际协议(Internet Protocol);ISP----网络服务提供商(Internet Service Provider);DNS----域名服务器(Domain Name Server);IE-----网络浏览器(Internet Explorer);OE-----邮件收发软件(Outlook Express);BBS----电子布告栏系统;OICQ---网上聊天工具;LAN----局域网(Local Area Network);MAN----城域网(Metropolitan Area Network);WAN----广域网(Wide Area Network)。
常用英文字母缩写
常用英文字母缩写英语中有许多常用的缩写词,它们通常是单词的首字母组合而成。
这些缩写词在书面和口语中都被广泛使用,并且有着各自不同的意义和用法。
下面是一些常见的英文字母缩写及其解释:A - United States of America - United Kingdom3.UFO - Unidentified Flying Object4.NASA - National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministrationN - Cable News Network6.FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation7.UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific,and Cultural Organization8.CEO - Chief Executive Officer9.DIY - Do It Yourself10.FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions11.VIP - Very Important Person12.CEO - Chief Executive Officer13.HR - Human Resources - Television15.PDF - Portable Document Format16.MP3 - Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 Audio17.BBC - British Broadcasting Corporation18.LCD - Liquid Crystal Display19.DVD - Digital Versatile Disc20.WiFi - Wireless Fidelity这些英文字母缩写在日常生活中随处可见,帮助人们更便捷地表达和沟通。
熟练掌握这些缩写词的意义和用法,对于提升英语写作和交流能力是非常有益的。
国际常用英语缩写大全
国际常用英语缩写大全
在国际交流中,使用缩写可以使信息更为简洁清晰,方便
人们快速理解。
以下是一些常用的英语缩写及其解释:
1.etc. - et cetera,表示“等等”或“及其他”。
2.i.e. - id est,表示“即”或“也就是说”。
3. e.g. - exempli gratia,表示“例如”。
4.CEO - Chief Executive Officer,公司的首席执行官。
5.CFO - Chief Financial Officer,公司的首席财务官。
6.IT - Information Technology,信息技术。
7.DIY - Do It Yourself,自己动手做。
8.FAQ- Frequently Asked Questions,常见问题解答。
9.UN - United Nations,联合国。
A - United States of America,美利坚合众国。
11.EU - European Union,欧洲联盟。
以上是一些常用的英语缩写,希望对你的工作和生活有所
帮助。
请记住这些常见的缩写,以便更好地理解和应用。
英语单词缩略词大全
英语单词缩略词大全摘要:1.英语单词缩略词的定义与作用2.英语单词缩略词的分类3.常见的英语单词缩略词举例4.学习英语单词缩略词的意义与方法正文:英语单词缩略词大全英语单词缩略词,顾名思义,是指由两个或多个单词的首字母组合而成的新词。
它在英语中具有重要的地位,广泛应用于各种场合,如学术论文、新闻报道、商业文件等。
掌握英语单词缩略词,不仅可以提高阅读理解速度,还有助于提升英语表达的简洁度和专业性。
下面我们将详细介绍英语单词缩略词的分类、举例以及学习方法。
一、英语单词缩略词的分类1.首字母缩略词:由单词的首字母组合而成,如NASA(美国宇航局)、CEO(首席执行官)等。
2.截头缩略词:由单词的前几个字母组成,如Dr.(医生)、Mr.(先生)等。
3.截尾缩略词:由单词的后几个字母组成,如-ology(学科,如biology 生物学)、-graphy(写作,如biography 传记)等。
4.混合缩略词:由单词的首尾字母和其他字母组合而成,如AIDS(艾滋病)、BBC(英国广播公司)等。
二、常见的英语单词缩略词举例1.首字母缩略词:- NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration,美国宇航局)- CEO(Chief Executive Officer,首席执行官)- CIA(Central Intelligence Agency,美国中央情报局)2.截头缩略词:- Dr.(Doctor,医生)- Mr.(Mister,先生)- Mrs.(Mistress,女士)3.截尾缩略词:- -ology(学科后缀,如biology 生物学、geology 地质学)- -graphy(写作后缀,如biography 传记、autography 自传)- -scope(观察器后缀,如microscope 显微镜、telescope 望远镜)4.混合缩略词:- AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome,艾滋病)- BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation,英国广播公司)- IQ(Intelligence Quotient,智商)三、学习英语单词缩略词的意义与方法1.意义:掌握英语单词缩略词有助于提高阅读理解速度、提升英语表达的简洁度和专业性。
口译笔记的符号和缩略语
一、口译笔记的符号系统和缩略语语言是一个符号系统(包括文字符号)。
用各种符号作记录,概括性强、重点突出、一目了然。
学习一些常规口译笔记中经常使用的符号与缩写词是很有好处的。
在此基础上,每个人也可以形成一套自己常用的、熟悉的、有效的笔记系统。
下面归纳几种相对固定的符号和简写形式,供大家在练习和实践中参考。
(一)箭头“→”表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to, etc. 导致、引导:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.“←”表示来自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc. 追溯到:come/go back to,originate in, etc.“↑”表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc. 发射、起飞、升空:launch,ascend, skyrocket, etc.发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen, promote, etc.“↓”表示向下、下降:down/downward/drop, decrease, jump, etc. 减少、恶化:reduce, deteriorate, go down, etc.(二) 数学符号“+”表示和、还有、另外、加上、多:and, in addition to, furthermore, many, lots of, etc.“-”表示减少、除去、少:minus, lack, in short of, little, few, etc.“×”表示错误、没有、反对、冲突:wrong, something bad, negative, conflict, confrontation, etc.“>”表示大于、超过、多于:greater, larger or more than, better than, surpass, more and more, etc.“<”表示小于、不如、次于、比不上:smaller than, fewer/less than, worse than, inferior to, etc.“=”表示等于、相当于、一样:the same as,that is to say, in other words,be equal to, etc. 对手:match/rival/competitor, counterpart.“≠”表示不等于、不同:not equal to, be different from, etc.“≈”表示大约、左右:about/around,or so, approximately, etc.“∵”表示由于、因为:because, as, due to, thanks to, owing to, etc.“∴”表示所以、因此、因而、结果:so, therefore, as a result, consequently, etc.(三) 标点符号“:”表示说:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. 意见、观点、主意:opinion, idea, viewpoint, etc.“?”表示问题:question,issue,problem, etc.“.”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样:“.d”表示yesterday,“.y"表示last year,“.2m”表示two months ago,“y”表示this year,“y2.”表示 two years later/in two years,“next week”,可以表示为“wk.”“()”表示在……之间:among, within, etc.(四) 其它符号“√”表示好:right/good,famous/well-known,etc. 同意:stand up for,support, agree with somebody, certain/ affirmative, etc.“& ”表示和、与:and,together with,along with, accompany,along with,further more,etc.“☆”表示重要的、杰出的、优秀的、榜样:important, best,outstanding,brilliant,model, etc.“∥”表示结束:end,stop,halt,bring something to a standstill/stop, etc.“°”表示人、者:person, people, 如经济学家可以表示为“经°”,中国人可以表示为“中°”,etc.“⊙”表示会议、讨论、谈判:meeting, seminar, discussion, negotiation, etc.“♂”表示男人:man, male, boy, etc.“♀”表示女人:woman, female, girl, etc.“□”表示国家:country, state, nation, etc.“△”表示代表:represent, on behalf of, etc.“∽”表示交流、交换、替代、相互:exchange, mutual, each other, communication, replace, etc.(五) 缩略词英语缩写词的写法一般有以下几种:●拿掉所有元音。
常见的英语缩略词
常见的英语缩略词学习老不少英语,但是大家知道的英语缩写有哪些吗?接下来,小编给大家准备了常见的英语缩略词,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
常见的英语缩略词ADSL 英文Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line的缩写,又名网络快车。
APEC英文Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation的缩写,即亚太经济合作组织。
AQ英文Adversity Quotient的缩写,逆境商数,指一个人处理逆境的能力。
ATM英文Automatic Teller mACHINE的缩写,即自动柜员机,又称自动取款机。
BBS英文Bulletin Board System的缩写,公告牌系统或电子公告板。
BSS英文Base Station System的缩写,即基站系统,指移动通信中的空中接口部分。
CARM英文Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine的缩写,即中国康复医学会。
CATV英文Cable Television的缩写,即有线电视。
CBD英文Central Business District的缩写,又称中央商务区。
CCEL英文China Certification Committee for Environment Labelling Production的缩写,即中国环境标志产品认证委员会。
CD-ROM英文Compact Cisk- Read Only Memory的缩写,即光盘只读存储器,也就是人们常说的光驱。
CEO英文Chief Enective Officer的缩写,即首席执行官。
CET英文College English Test的缩写,即大学英语测试。
CFO英文Chief Finance Officer的缩写,即首席财务主管。
CGFNS英文Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nuring Schools的缩写,即外国护士毕业生委员会。
笔记当中的缩写和符号
一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:1.拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive2.保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O3.保留开头和结尾的发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people4.根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS Address二、字母、图像Z 表示“人” people/person,因为Z 看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如:日本人:JZ。
C 表示政府,统治:government,govern,希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为CZ。
P 表示政治:politics, political,希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician 就可以表示为PZ。
E 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E在数学符号中表示总值。
G 表示效率:efficient, effective。
G为效率符号。
Q 表示“通货膨胀”:inflation,因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
英文常见的缩略词
ADSL 英文Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line的缩写,又名网络快车。
APEC英文Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation的缩写,即亚太经济合作组织。
AQ英文Adversity Quotient的缩写,逆境商数,指一个人处理逆境的能力。
ATM英文Automatic Teller mACHINE的缩写,即自动柜员机,又称自动取款机。
BBS英文Bulletin Board System的缩写,公告牌系统或电子公告板。
BSS英文Base Station System的缩写,即基站系统,指移动通信中的空中接口部分。
CARM英文Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine的缩写,即中国康复医学会。
CA TV英文Cable Television的缩写,即有线电视。
CBD英文Central Business District的缩写,又称中央商务区。
CCEL英文China Certification Committee for Environment Labelling Production的缩写,即中国环境标志产品认证委员会。
CD-ROM英文Compact Cisk- Read Only Memory的缩写,即光盘只读存储器,也就是人们常说的光驱。
CEO英文Chief Enective Officer的缩写,即首席执行官。
CET英文College English Test的缩写,即大学英语测试。
CFO英文Chief Finance Officer的缩写,即首席财务主管。
CGFNS英文Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nuring Schools的缩写,即外国护士毕业生委员会。
CGO英文Chief Government Officer的缩写,即首席沟通主管,主要负责与政府机构之间的交流与沟通。
常见的英语缩略词
常见的英语缩略词学习老不少英语,但是大家知道的英语缩写有哪些吗?接下来,小编给大家准备了常见的英语缩略词,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
常见的英语缩略词ADSL 英文Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line的缩写,又名网络快车。
APEC英文Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation的缩写,即亚太经济合作组织。
AQ英文Adversity Quotient的缩写,逆境商数,指一个人处理逆境的能力。
ATM英文Automatic Teller mACHINE的缩写,即自动柜员机,又称自动取款机。
BBS英文Bulletin Board System的缩写,公告牌系统或电子公告板。
BSS英文Base Station System的缩写,即基站系统,指移动通信中的空中接口部分。
CARM英文Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine的缩写,即中国康复医学会。
CATV英文Cable Television的缩写,即有线电视。
CBD英文Central Business District的缩写,又称中央商务区。
CCEL英文China Certification Committee for Environment Labelling Production的缩写,即中国环境标志产品认证委员会。
CD-ROM英文Compact Cisk- Read Only Memory的缩写,即光盘只读存储器,也就是人们常说的光驱。
CEO英文Chief Enective Officer的缩写,即首席执行官。
CET英文College English Test的缩写,即大学英语测试。
CFO英文Chief Finance Officer的缩写,即首席财务主管。
CGFNS英文Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nuring Schools的缩写,即外国护士毕业生委员会。
国际常用英语缩写大全及翻译
国际常用英语缩写大全及翻译
引言
国际常用英语缩写在日常生活和工作中应用广泛,能够节省时间和空间,提高工作效率。
本文总结了一些常见的国际英语缩写及其对应的翻译,希望能够帮助读者更好地理解和应用这些缩写。
常见英语缩写及翻译
1.etc. - et cetera - 等等
2.i.e. - id est - 也就是
3. e.g. - exempli gratia - 例如
4.Mr. - Mister - 先生
5.Mrs. - Mistress - 夫人
6.Dr. - Doctor - 博士、医生
7.Inc. - Incorporated - 公司有限
8.Ltd. - Limited - 有限公司
9.CEO - Chief Executive Officer - 首席执行官
10.CFO - Chief Financial Officer - 首席财务官
A - United States of America - 美利坚合众国
- United Kingdom - 英国
13.UN - United Nations - 联合国
14.EU - European Union - 欧盟
15.A.D. - Anno Domini - 公元
总结
以上是部分国际常用英语缩写及其对应的翻译,读者在使用这些缩写时应当注意上下文,以免造成歧义。
熟练掌握这些
缩写可以帮助我们更高效地交流和表达,提高工作效率。
希望本文对读者有所帮助。
以上是国际常用英语缩写大全及翻译,希望对你有所帮助。
常用英语缩略词表
常用英语缩略词表缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:1、拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive2、保留前几个字母INFO:informationINS: insuranceEXCH: exchangeIOU: I owe youI/O: In stead of3、保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK: weekRM: roomPL: people4、根据发音R: areTHO: thoughTHRU: through5、较长单词的处理办法-ism 简写为m 例如:socialism Sm-tion 简写为 n 例如:standardization stdn-cian 简写为 o 例如:technician techo-ing 简写为g 例如:marketing MKTg-ed 简写为 d 例如:accepted acptd-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如:available avbl -ment 简写为 mt 例如:amendment amdmt -ize 简写为 z 例如:recognize regz-ful 简写为 fl 例如:meaningful mnfl-t ity,oty,ety,uty-k ical,acle,icle,cal-g ology,alogy,ulogy-v ive,sive,tive-l ly,ely,ily-n ness-p ple,ply-n sion, tion-st st,est,ist,ost-s us,ous,iousa- accom, accorag- aggra, aggre, agrec- circu, circumk- cog, col,con,com,cord- des,dism- em,imn- en,inx- extra,extrih- hydra,hydroN insta,inste,instiI inter,enter,intro,intrenK incla,incli.incluL letter,litermG magna,magniM misP pr,per,pur,pre,pro,priR reco,recom,recon.recorrK recla,recli.recluS suspe,suspi,suscepT transU ulta,ulte,ultiV. Suffix ---------------------B ble,able,ible,ably,iblyg/ age" ance,inse,ancy,ensy+ and,end,ant,entr/ ary,ery,ory,uryN antic,enticT atic,etic,itic,oticS asict,istic,ostic,usticJ cient,cience,sient,tience' cial,sual,tual,tial,tially: der,ter,tor,therv/ everF ful,fullyf/ fication, ing一、简写数学符号S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples: tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to developseparate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <——>resulting in ——>and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/缩略词原词acc = account, accountantacdg = accordingacpt = acceptad = advertisementadm = administrationads = addressadv = adviceagr = agricultureagt = agentalt = altitudea.m. = ante meridiem = before noonAMAP = as much as possibleamb = ambassadoramt = amountanal = analysisanc = ancientanon = anonymousans = answerapp = appendixApr = Aprilapt = apartmentarch = architecturearr = arrive; arrivalASAP = as soon as possibleass = assistant; associationat = atmosphere; atomicatt = attorney; attentionAug = Augustaux = auxiliaryav = averagebal = balancebldg = buildingb4 = before(以前)Brb = be right back(即刻回来)Btw = by the way(顺便提及)co. = companyc/o = care of(转交)col = college; colorcom = commentary; common; communication; community comm = commissioncomp = complete; computer; competition/competitivecon = conclusion; againstcond = conditioncont. = continent; continuedcorp = corporationcust = customer; custom; customscert = certificatecfm = conformcncl = cancelcnf = conferencecmu = communicationconc = concern/concerning/concerneddec = decemberdec = deceased; declarationdef = defender; defensedeg = degreedep = depositdept = departmentdisc = discountdist = distance; distinguishdiv = divide; divorceddo. = ditto (同上)dorm = dormitorydz = dozenDL or D/L下载Downloade = east; earth; engineeringecon = economics; economyed. = education; editore.g. = exempli gratia = for exampleencl. = enclosed; enclosureesp. = especiallyetc. = et cetera = and so onex. = example; exception; extraexp. = exportexpln = explainext = extend; extensionexch = exchangeFAX = facsimileFeb. = Februaryfem = female; feminineff. = followingfig = figuresfin = finance; financialfl = fluidflt = flightFOB = free on board (船上交货;离岸价格) for = foreign; forestryfp = freezing pointfr = frequentFri. = Fridayfrt = freight (货物;货运)ft = foot; feet (脚;英寸)fut = futureFYR = for your reference (仅供参考)FYI : For Your Informationg = gold; grain; guide; gender; gravityG.A. = General Assembly (联合国大会) gen. = generallygent = gentleman; gentlemengm = gram; general managergov = governmentgs = general secretary (秘书长)guar = guaranteegz = greeze(惊讶)h = harbor; hundred; husband; hydrogen hd = head (头部;首脑)hf = halfHon = honorable; honoraryH.Q. = headquartershr = hourht = heighthypoth = hypothesis; hypotheticalH.O. = Home officei.a. = in absence; absentib. = ibidem = in the same placeID = identity; identity cardi.e. = id est = that isimp = import; imperialimps = impossibleimpt = importantin. = inch; inchesind = industrial; independentindiv = individualinfo = informationins = insuranceinst. = instant; instituteint. = interior; interest (兴趣;利息)I/O = instead ofIOU = I owe you (借据)I.Q. = intelligence quotientIVO = in view of (鉴于,考虑到)is. = islandincd = includeintst = interestedIVO = In view ofIC = I see了解IMHO = in my humble opinion(以我个人谦逊的看法) J = judge; justicejour = journal; journalistjr. = junior (大学三年级学生; 年少的; 初级的)kg = kilogram (千克;公斤)km = kilometer (公里)lat. = latitudelb. = pounds (磅;英镑)L/C = letter of credit (信用证)leg = legallib = library; librarianliq = liquidlit = literaturelong. = longitudeM.A. = Master of Artsmach = machinerymag = magazineman. = manual; manufactureMar = Marchmath = mathematicsmdl = model (型号;模特)mdm = Madammed. = medicine; medicalmem = member; memoir (回忆录)memo = memorandum (备忘录)mid = middlemin = minute; minimummkt. = marketmod = moderate; modernMon. = Mondaymph = mile per hour (每小时英里数; 车速) Mr. = MisterMrs. = MistressMS = manuscripts (手稿)msg = messageMt = Mount; mountainmus = music; museumn = north; noon; name; normalnat = national; native; naturaln.d. = no date (无日期)NLT = not later than (不迟于)No. = numberNov. = Novembernr = nearncry = necessaryNLT = No later thanobj = object; objectiveobs = obsolete (过时的); observeobt = obtainOct. = Octoberoff. = office; officialop. = opera; operation; oppositeord = ordinaryorg = organizationorig = originaloz. = ounce (盎司)p. = page; power; pressure para = paragraphpart = particular; partnerpass = passive; passenger pat = patentpayt = paymentpc = piece; personal computer pd. = paid (钱款)已付perf = perform; performance Ph.D. = Doctor of Philosophy pkg = packingpl = peoplepls = pleaseposn = positionposs(bl) = possibleprod = productqlty = qualityquty = Quantityrcv = receiveref = referenceregl =regularrep = representativeresn = reservationrpt = repeatrespon = responsiblesec = sectionsitn = situationstd = standardttl = totalTu. = TuesdayT.U. = Trade Union (英)工会tel = telephonetemp = temporaryTgm = telegraphtho = thoughtks = thankstrd = tradetrf = trafficU = YouUR = YourUL or U/L= Upload 上载ult = ultimateUN = United Nationsuniv = universityup = upperusu. = usuallyvil = villageV.P. = Vice Presidentvs. = versusv.v. = vice versa (反之亦然) wel = welcome; welfarewk = weekwl = willwt =weightXL = extra large (特大号) the = -for fthat -tfrom frand &if .fare ris zhe ebe bor oyou uto tyour urin nan aof vso sat @me mall lthey -ybut btthis -swould (dthere -rwhich (chas hswhat (thad hdwas (shave hvwhom (mshe )ewill (lshall )lwhen (nmost m-can knmy m.go gnew nwsome smany ancould kdfirst /-thing -,well (elthink -nksay sado dnext nxlie l.until tltime t.mcannot kntsend s+more movery vreasy ez专有名词缩写GDP-国民生产总值GNP-国内生产总值5yrP-five year planSOE-国有企业FIE-外资企业JV-合资企业JCCT China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade 中美商贸联委SH shanghai。
英文缩略词、缩写符号
如:sad, female, disagree, little, few, -2=1 ess, -3=least, ack of, short of•“
\'同意,正确等,如:agree, correct, right...
x不同意,错误等,如:disagree, incorrect..・
T增长,进步等,如:increasemai; mushroom, rocket, make progress…
J下降,退步,恶化等,如decrease, sink, slide, subside, plump, plunge, drop, degrade, deteriorate...>多于,超过,比谕一兹等,如:more than,
速记技巧
缩略词.缩写符号
保留前几个字母
保留开头和结尾的发音字母 根据英语的发音进行速记 掌握常用速记符号和方法 对于口译考生,笔者推荐以下几类
・保
经济:
科技:
工业:
音节
文化:C政治: 环境#En
留大写字母或第E教育二Edu ST卫生:H旅游:TI农业:A
〜…厂一B简写缩略_
■ AFAC:as far as…is concerncd(就而言)
LFT:look forward to(期待)
ASAP:as soon as possibl, pleased, satisfied, agree...
©悲伤.生气,不满.不同意等,如:
sad, angry, irritated, unsatisfied^ sorrowful, discomfort disagree. ••
greater than, bigger than, better than, superior to, surpass, transcend, overtake...
英语中的缩略词
相信许多人在书写英语、阅读英语文章或者进行英语翻译时,都会遇到缩写的情况。
那么,英语中的缩写有什么规律吗相信熟悉英语的人,会遇到各种各样、形式各异的缩写。
你对英语中的缩写有把握吗如果你需要在书写中运用缩略语,你知道其中的规律吗本文就和大家详细聊一下英语中的缩写。
通过总结分析,我们发现,大家对缩写存在不确定的情况主要集中在以下几个方面:缩写需要用大写字母吗缩写需要用句号吗什么时候可以使用缩略符呢英语中的缩略通常分为几种,而缩略词的写法也通常取决于它到底属于缩略中的哪一类。
那么,我们就来看看英语中的缩略词分类:AcronymsContractionsInitialismsShortenings英语中的缩略表达主要分为四大类,我们先来说第一种,Acronyms。
Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of other words and pronounced as theyare spelled, not as separate letters. Examples include:Acronyms就是指以各个组合词首字母组成的缩写词,简称首字母组合词。
Acronym是最大特点是,按照组合的首字母进行拼写,而不是将各个首字母单独读出。
首字母缩写词(acronym)完整表达(full form)Aidsacquired immune deficiency syndrome需要读作[edz],而非“A-I-D-S”North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNATO需要读作[‘neitəu],而非“N-A-T-O”United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organiz UNESCO需要读作[ju:ˈneskəʊ],而非”U-N-E-S-C-O”subscriber identification moduleSIM (card)需要读作[sɪm],而非”S-I-M”Acronyms的书写特点:Most acronyms can be written as capital letters or with only an initial capital letter.绝大多数首字母缩写词可以用大写字母表示,也可以仅仅首字母大写。
口译听力常用英语缩略词及符号
一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:* 拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive* 保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O* 保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people* 根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD ProductQLTY Quality QUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC SectionSITN Situation STD StandardTEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
英语缩略词[精彩]
ProfAIDSCEOOPECDNA简化用词是各种语言都存在的现象,也是现代英语词汇的特点之一。
把词的音节加以省略或简化而产生的词,统称为缩略词或缩略语。
为适应现代生活节奏,英语整体发展趋向简化,词语向单音节发展,缩略语不断增加,使用越来越广泛。
正确理解和运用缩略词,可以增进沟通,提高学习和工作效率。
本文针对应用中的常见问题,把缩略词的一些基本知识概括总结如下,供大家参考。
1. 缩略词的分类英语缩略词大致可分为四类,不同种类有不同的构成或读写规则。
了解其分类有助于理解记忆,避免错误的读写。
(1)首字母缩略词(Initialism),如:DNA, CDCP(The Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention美国疾病控制与预防中心),CEO等。
(2)首字母拼音词(Acronym),如SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome),OPEC等。
(3)截短词(Clipped Words)其中还分为后截法,如convict→con;前截法,如omnibus→bus;前后截法,如influenza→flu;中截法,如:fossilization→fossilation等。
(4)拼缀词(Blend),如motor+hotel→motel, breakfast+lunch→brunch, advertising+statistics→advertistics(广告统计学)等。
2. 缩略规则缩略词在抽取字母或音节时大多遵循一定的规则。
(1)采用短语中每个词或关键词的首字母组成缩写,如BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation,英国广播公司),LRCS(League of Red CrossSociety,红十字会)。
(2)采用词的前2个或3个字母组成缩略形式,如Pro.(professor), Fr(fruit)。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
现举例段落进行速记说明: 女士们,先生们,尊贵的来宾们: 今天我很荣幸能够代表北京大学全体师生向来自 美国教育代表团一行致以热烈的欢迎,希望你们在 今后的两周内在中国过得愉快。 速记符号:-/+, VIP, d, ⊕代BJ Uni all wel US Edu dele, :w.., ⊕□C
女士们,先生们,尊贵的来宾们: 今天我很荣幸能够代表北京大学全体师生向来自 美国教育代表团一行致以热烈的欢迎,希望你们在 今后的两周内在中国过得愉快。 d, ⊕代BJ Uni all wel US Edu dele, :w.., ⊕□C Distinguished delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen, On behalf of all of the students and staff of Beijing University, I feel honored and pleased to be here to extend our warm welcome to US education delegation. I hope all of you will have a good time in China in two weeks.
□ 国家,地区,如:中国:□C,俄国:□R D.符号 ﹢高兴,男性,同意,增加等, 如: happy, male, agree, many, +2=more, +3=most, beneficial, good, beautiful, great, gorgeous… - 悲伤,女性,不同意,减少等, 如: sad, female, disagree, little, few, -2=less, -3=least, l ack of, short of… √ 同意,正确等, 如:agree, correct, right… × 不同意,错误等,如:disagree, incorrect…
↑增长,进步等,如:increase, soar, mushroom, rocket, make progress… ↓下降,退步,恶化等,如decrease, sink, slide, subside, plump, plunge, drop, degrade, deteriorate… >多于,超过, 比……高一级等,如:more than, greater than, bigger than, better than, superior to, surpass, transcend, overtake… <少于,比……低级等,如:less than, lower than, smaller than, inferior to… ~大约,如:approximately, about, around, some, nearly, almost, similar to…
/否定,清除,如:clear, settle, solve, tackle, conquer, eliminate, extinct… ﹦与……同等,如:stand for, refer to, means, that is t o say, in other words, be equal to, as…as, same as… ∥竞争对手,如:competitor, rival, opponent, enemy, counterpart… ≠与……不同,如:differ from, different from, distinct, unique… $ 金钱,利益,如:interest, benefit, money, fund, capital…
E.标点 ?问题,麻烦,障碍,如:question, issue, difficult, hardship, barrier, obstacle… :主观想法和说辞,如:think, consider, speak, say, talk, mark, announce, declare, hope, 例:repeat 或 reaffirm可以用: 2来替代,声明支持可以用+:来替 代,谴责用-: .表时间前后,如去年.y,明年y., 后天d..,前天..d,两 周后w..
速记技巧 缩略词、缩写符号 保留前几个字母 保留开头和结尾的发音字母 根据英语的发音进行速记 掌握常用速记符号和方法 对于口译考生,笔者推荐以下几类: A.保留大写字母或第一音节 经济:E 教育:Edu 文化:C 政治:P 科技:ST 卫生:H 旅游:T 环境:En 工业:I 农业:A
B.简写缩略 AFAC:as far as … is concerned(就……而言) LFT:look forward to (期待) ASAP:as soon as possible(尽快) C.图像 ⊕ 高兴,同意,满意等, 如:happy, pleased, satisfied, agrgry, irritated, unsatisfied, sorrowful, discomfort, disagree… ⊙ 会议,如 conference, meeting, seminar, symposiu m…