高考英语关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题

专题复习：

关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题

近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查，猜测词悟义的能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。这类题主要考查考生对文中的重点词句的理解，要求考生对文章中的个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或推测其义。

常用的问题形式：

1. He underlined word（phrase）in the passage means ________________．

2. The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to _____________．

3. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _____________．

4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？

5. What does（do）the underlined word（words）refer to？

6. According to the passage, ―…‖ probably means ______________.

7. The author uses the word ―…‖ to mean __________.

8. The underlined word/phrase/team ―…‖means ______________.

9. The word ―…‖ in paragraph …refers to __________.

10. What does ―…‖ in the second paragraph stands for?

11. The sentence ―…‖ means _______________.

例如:

Apple trees may grow as tall as 12 metres and they grow best in areas that have cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.

The underlined word ― yielded‖ most probably means__________.

A. sold

B. bought

C. improved

D. produced

Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down form father to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folklore. All this is very difficult for a college student to examine, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants form wild grass. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science has found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long ago.

In this paragraph the phrase ―this wide, confused wilderness‖ refers to _________. A. personal experience B. wild weeds among good plants

C. the information from the parents

D. the vast store of traditional practices 猜词悟义方法：

一、针对性解释

针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂

的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。

1、根据定义猜测词义

定义解释形式多样，常由be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, or , that is to say, in other words, be called 等词汇或破折号来表示。例如：

(1) Anthropology is the scientific study of man.

(2) In slang the term ―jam‖ constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.

(3) A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.

(4) A person who skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.

2、根据复述猜测词义

(1) Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.

(2) His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.

(3) The new building, a five-story e difice, was completed last month.

(4).Capacitance, or the ability to store electric change, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. )

(5) Some organizations of United Nations prefer to take on Polyglots as their workers---- those who can understand as well as speak many languages.

(6) Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.

3、根据举例猜测词义

(1) The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.

(2) You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.

二、内在逻辑关系

1、根据对比关系猜测义

表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是while, not, but, however, yet, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of , in contrast和while引导的并列句等。在这些表示转折意义的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义的。如：

(1) Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.

(2) A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.

(3) Though Tom‘s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.

(4)John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things; his wife, however, is very thrifty.

2、根据比较关系猜测词义

同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系，例：