2019高考英语语法省略句 (共29张PPT)
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高中英语语法省略PPT教学课件
Anyone, no matter who (he is), may point out our shortcomings.
I can only do it the way as ( I was) told to (do it that way).
2020/12/10
2
3. 虚拟条件句常省略if, 将were, had, should 提前构成部分倒装。
1. 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见动
词如like, love, care, hope, wish, expect,
afford, forget, prefer, refuse, mean, try,
advice, persuade, agree, want, remember,
manage等。
You can do it this way if you care to.
--You should have thanked her before
you left.
--I mean to , but when I was leaving I
couldn't 2020/12/10 find her anywhere.
11
2. 不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾补或主补时， 常见的有ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit等。
He will come back, but he doesn't know when ( he will come back).
2020/12/10
7
※ 5. 在与suggest, request, order,
advise等词相关的名词性从句中，
I can only do it the way as ( I was) told to (do it that way).
2020/12/10
2
3. 虚拟条件句常省略if, 将were, had, should 提前构成部分倒装。
1. 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见动
词如like, love, care, hope, wish, expect,
afford, forget, prefer, refuse, mean, try,
advice, persuade, agree, want, remember,
manage等。
You can do it this way if you care to.
--You should have thanked her before
you left.
--I mean to , but when I was leaving I
couldn't 2020/12/10 find her anywhere.
11
2. 不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾补或主补时， 常见的有ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit等。
He will come back, but he doesn't know when ( he will come back).
2020/12/10
7
※ 5. 在与suggest, request, order,
advise等词相关的名词性从句中，
高中英语语法：省略.ppt
Tie a bandage firmly over the burnt area, when a bandage is necessary.
Tie a bandage firmly over the burnt area, when necessary.
These burns are not serious and they should feel better within a day or two days.
Glad to see you. Hope to hear from you. Happy new year. — The same to you. Nice day again. 日常生活中的省略 (You) Open the door. (You must) Be careful! / Look out! 祈使句中省略，常省略主语
These burns affect the top and the second layer of the skin.
First degree burns turn white when they are pressed.
First degree burns turn Leabharlann hite when pressed.
A.
省略
the act of leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them.
为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的 一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象成为 省略
Burns are called first (degree burns), second (degree burns) or third degree burns,…
Tie a bandage firmly over the burnt area, when necessary.
These burns are not serious and they should feel better within a day or two days.
Glad to see you. Hope to hear from you. Happy new year. — The same to you. Nice day again. 日常生活中的省略 (You) Open the door. (You must) Be careful! / Look out! 祈使句中省略，常省略主语
These burns affect the top and the second layer of the skin.
First degree burns turn white when they are pressed.
First degree burns turn Leabharlann hite when pressed.
A.
省略
the act of leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them.
为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的 一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象成为 省略
Burns are called first (degree burns), second (degree burns) or third degree burns,…
高考一轮语法复习特殊句式-省略句课件
优秀课件PPT公开课优质课PPT课件高 考一轮 语法复 习特殊 句式-省 略句课 件（共 15张）
优秀课件PPT公开课优质课PPT课件高 考一轮 语法复 习特殊 句式-省 略句课 件（共 15张）
注意：在if条件状语从句中，如果主语是it，谓语 又由be构成，那么从句的主语和be词也可以省略。
例如：
优秀课件PPT公开课优质课PPT课件高 考一轮 语法复 习特殊 句式-省 略句课 件（共 15张）
高考一轮语法复习特殊式 ---省略句
优秀课件PPT公开课优质课PPT课件高 考一轮 语法复 习特殊 句式-省 略句课 件（共 15张）
优秀课件PPT公开课优质课PPT课件高 考一轮 语法复 习特殊 句式-省 略句课 件（共 15张）
优秀课件PPT公开课优质课PPT课件高 考一轮 语法复 习特殊 句式-省 略句课 件（共 15张）
1．不定式的省略，单独使用不定式符号to。 1）用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid/glad/happy; expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等的后边。 e.g. I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to. 我请他去看电影，但他不想去。 —Will you join in the game? —I'd be glad to. ——你愿意加入做游戏吗？ ——我很高兴加入。
What you need to do now is (to) lie down and rest.
优秀课件PPT公开课优质课PPT课件高 考一轮 语法复 习特殊 句式-省 略句课 件（共 15张）
优秀课件PPT公开课优质课PPT课件高 考一轮 语法复 习特殊 句式-省 略句课 件（共 15张）
注意：在if条件状语从句中，如果主语是it，谓语 又由be构成，那么从句的主语和be词也可以省略。
例如：
优秀课件PPT公开课优质课PPT课件高 考一轮 语法复 习特殊 句式-省 略句课 件（共 15张）
高考一轮语法复习特殊式 ---省略句
优秀课件PPT公开课优质课PPT课件高 考一轮 语法复 习特殊 句式-省 略句课 件（共 15张）
优秀课件PPT公开课优质课PPT课件高 考一轮 语法复 习特殊 句式-省 略句课 件（共 15张）
优秀课件PPT公开课优质课PPT课件高 考一轮 语法复 习特殊 句式-省 略句课 件（共 15张）
1．不定式的省略，单独使用不定式符号to。 1）用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid/glad/happy; expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等的后边。 e.g. I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to. 我请他去看电影，但他不想去。 —Will you join in the game? —I'd be glad to. ——你愿意加入做游戏吗？ ——我很高兴加入。
What you need to do now is (to) lie down and rest.
优秀课件PPT公开课优质课PPT课件高 考一轮 语法复 习特殊 句式-省 略句课 件（共 15张）
高考英语省略句讲解课件
• 引导主语从句，同位语从句和表语从句的 that不能省.
第15页，共28页。
4. 定语从句中的省略 ① 在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，
which，whom可省略。 He is one of the man (whom) I can trust. 他是我信任的人之一。 This is the best way (that) we should choose.
他们不同意你的意见，我也不同意。
She was poor but (she was) honest. 她贫穷但很诚实。
第11页，共28页。
（三）主从复合句中的省略
1、主句中有一些成分被省略。 e.g. (I’m) Sorry to hear that you are ill.
(It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance. 2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用
第14页，共28页。
• ③ 在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动 词之后跟有并列连词and连的两个或两个以 上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可省 略，后边that不能省。 He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.
② 修饰way或reason的关系副词that(=in which)或
why可以省略。
This is the way (that/in which) he studies. 这就是他学习的方法。 I want to know the reason (why) he was late. 我想知道他迟到的原因。 ③在非正式语中，关系副词when，why，代词as后 面的主谓结构可省略。
第15页，共28页。
4. 定语从句中的省略 ① 在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，
which，whom可省略。 He is one of the man (whom) I can trust. 他是我信任的人之一。 This is the best way (that) we should choose.
他们不同意你的意见，我也不同意。
She was poor but (she was) honest. 她贫穷但很诚实。
第11页，共28页。
（三）主从复合句中的省略
1、主句中有一些成分被省略。 e.g. (I’m) Sorry to hear that you are ill.
(It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance. 2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用
第14页，共28页。
• ③ 在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动 词之后跟有并列连词and连的两个或两个以 上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可省 略，后边that不能省。 He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.
② 修饰way或reason的关系副词that(=in which)或
why可以省略。
This is the way (that/in which) he studies. 这就是他学习的方法。 I want to know the reason (why) he was late. 我想知道他迟到的原因。 ③在非正式语中，关系副词when，why，代词as后 面的主谓结构可省略。
高中英语语法——省略句(26张PPT)
please.
的一部分）
A: Would you like to
come to the party? B: I’d love to (come the
party).
不定式后 省略动词
They do not visit their parents
as much as they ought to (visit
பைடு நூலகம்
— Well, her parents wouldn’t allow
her to go to the party, but she
still _____.
A. hopes to
B. hopes so
C. hopes not
D. hopes for
（江苏2017）
4. — Have you got any particular
You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to (borrow my first aid notes).
不定式后省略动词
7) Sounds like a good idea. (It) sounds like a good idea.
8) Anything I can do for you? (Is there) anything I can do for you?
5. Sorry to hear that. I’m sorry to hear that.
6. Pity you couldn’t come.
It’s/ What a pity you couldn’t come. 7. This way, please.
Step this way, please.
2019精选教育高中英语语法——省略(53张PPT).ppt
I
Thank you very much
Come here, please.
We also use ellipsis in short responses. • —Have you seen this opera?
—Yes, I have (seen it). —Will the performance be put off till next
Signs
No smoking is allowed here.
This is a one-way street.
Instructions
Put this side up, please.
Please handle this with care.
Headlines Houses destroyed in weekend storms. Some houses were destroyed in the storms during the weekend.
Where did the singer get the information that singers were needed for Turandot? From a poster put up by the production company’s Personnel Department. Why did the singer think it was difficult to try out? He/She had a sore throat.
Mayor says he won’t quit.
The mayor says he won’t quit.
Notes These are bright ideas.
高中省略句详解PPT精品文档
③Were she my daughter (=if she were my daughter), I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad .
四、定语从句中的省略
• 1.在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代 词whom/who，which，that可省略
• i.e. • ①He is the man (whom/ who/ that) you can safely
• 2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分。 • i.e. • (Is there) Anything I can do for you ? • (Is) Anybody here ?
• 3.省略主语和谓语，或谓语的一部分。
• i.e. • (Are you) Hungry ? • (I want) orange juice, please.
depend on . • ②The book (which/that) you bought is good .
• 2.the way 作先行词在定语从句中作状语，可 以用in which/that 引导，也可以省略不用。
• i.e. • ①I don’t like the way (in which/that) you talk to your
mother .
五、在名词性从句中的省略
• 1.在know，think，consider，suppose， find，believe，say，decide等动词后面 所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略； 若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that 可以省略，其余的不省略。
• i.e.
• He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart .
四、定语从句中的省略
• 1.在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代 词whom/who，which，that可省略
• i.e. • ①He is the man (whom/ who/ that) you can safely
• 2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分。 • i.e. • (Is there) Anything I can do for you ? • (Is) Anybody here ?
• 3.省略主语和谓语，或谓语的一部分。
• i.e. • (Are you) Hungry ? • (I want) orange juice, please.
depend on . • ②The book (which/that) you bought is good .
• 2.the way 作先行词在定语从句中作状语，可 以用in which/that 引导，也可以省略不用。
• i.e. • ①I don’t like the way (in which/that) you talk to your
mother .
五、在名词性从句中的省略
• 1.在know，think，consider，suppose， find，believe，say，decide等动词后面 所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略； 若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that 可以省略，其余的不省略。
• i.e.
• He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart .
高考英语 语法专题复习23 省略句课件
在虚拟条件句中，如含有had, were, should等时，if可省略，句子倒装。
e.g. Had I known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, I would have never bought one.
What would have happened ________, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther CC . had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
四、宾语从句的省略
在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，后一句 常常省略内容相同的宾语从句或从句的 一部分。
1. --- You should have thanked her before you left.
--- I meant ________, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
A. to do
BB. to
C. doing
D. doing it
23《省略句》
英语中有时为了避免重复， 使语言简练紧凑，在不损害 句子结构或不引起误解的原 则下，往往省去一个或多个 句子成分或词语。现把高考 中的省略句式归纳如下：
在以when, while, if, as if,
though (although), as, whether, once等连词引导的时间、 原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从 句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主 语的代词it以及be动词,保留现在分 词、过去分语从句中句子成分的省略
e.g. Had I known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, I would have never bought one.
What would have happened ________, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther CC . had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
四、宾语从句的省略
在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，后一句 常常省略内容相同的宾语从句或从句的 一部分。
1. --- You should have thanked her before you left.
--- I meant ________, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
A. to do
BB. to
C. doing
D. doing it
23《省略句》
英语中有时为了避免重复， 使语言简练紧凑，在不损害 句子结构或不引起误解的原 则下，往往省去一个或多个 句子成分或词语。现把高考 中的省略句式归纳如下：
在以when, while, if, as if,
though (although), as, whether, once等连词引导的时间、 原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从 句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主 语的代词it以及be动词,保留现在分 词、过去分语从句中句子成分的省略
高中英语语法省略句课件(共41张PPT)
• 11.The teacher told us to remain silent
unless _____C___.
• A.to be asked B.being asked
C.asked
D.you asked
answers:
singer: it was a real opportunity for me to be cast. it had always been one of my strongest desires to have a part in turandot.
特殊文体中的省略
Signs
no smo is allowed here.
This is a one-way street.
Instructions
Put this side up, please.
Please handle this with care.
Headlines
Houses destroyed in weekend storms.
• 巩固一下：
• 1.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise ,if ________regularly, can improve our health.(2010浙江卷)
• A. being carried out B. carrying
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
3. ---What’s the matter with Della?
--- Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go
高考英语语一轮复习——省略课件(共26张PPT)
III. 介词的省略 1）在以next, last, this, that, these,
those, one, every, each, some, any, all等开始的一些表示时间的常 用词组前面以及tomorrow morning， yesterday afternoon前面，不用介 词： 1. See you next Saturday. 2. I’ll never forget meeting you that afternoon. 3. We met one Tuesday in August. 4. Come any day you like. 5. The party lasted all night.
• I will ask them to come over and talk the matter over.
3）在某些动词后可省略整个动词不定 式。这种情况常出现在名词和形容词 以及try后：
1. ---Can you start the car?
---Ok, I will try.
2. You can’t force him to get a job if he is not ready (to).
years ago. 4. What size shoes are you?
6)在 in this way, in the same way, in another way等词组里，经常省略in:
1. They plant corn (in) the same way their ancestors used to 500 years ago.
that 不能省略: 1. She has made it clear that she will
高三英语省略句(201909)
---Have you finished your composition?
---Not yet.
---will you join us? ---I should love to. •Linda has arrived. ---when? •He won’t go to the party.---why not?
3)结构省略 这种省略可以根据通常的语法 结构加以判断
；长沙夜生活网_长沙夜网_长沙桑拿会所_长沙SPA会馆_长沙夜生活论坛 http://cs.yeshenghuo.wang ;
；
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---Not yet.
---will you join us? ---I should love to. •Linda has arrived. ---when? •He won’t go to the party.---why not?
3)结构省略 这种省略可以根据通常的语法 结构加以判断
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英语高考省略句PPT课件
(1) When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night. (2) She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health. (3) If (you are) asked you may come in.
5、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。
The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).
第12页/共28页
Choose the best answers.
1)----Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework? -----I am doing these exercises now so that I won’t have _____ on Sunday. A. it B. them C. for D. to
第17页/共28页
高考链接
1. The house rent is expensive, I’ve got about half the space I had at home but I’m paying _____ here.
A. as three times much
D B. as much three times
省略句
▼基本概念 省略句的定义：
省略句是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法 修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。
第1页/共28页
简单句的省略 1、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语
多限于少数现成的说法。
5、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。
The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).
第12页/共28页
Choose the best answers.
1)----Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework? -----I am doing these exercises now so that I won’t have _____ on Sunday. A. it B. them C. for D. to
第17页/共28页
高考链接
1. The house rent is expensive, I’ve got about half the space I had at home but I’m paying _____ here.
A. as three times much
D B. as much three times
省略句
▼基本概念 省略句的定义：
省略句是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法 修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。
第1页/共28页
简单句的省略 1、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语
多限于少数现成的说法。
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have difficulty/trouble/hard time/business (in) doing sth. 18
当 连 接 代词what/whose、 连 接 副词how/when以及 whether引导的从句或不定式短语时，其前面的of、 about、as to等常可省略。
I don't care (about) what she is. He has no idea (about/as to) how to solve the problem. The man wasn't aware (of) how he got lost.
He says she is a good mother but I think not.
Such a bad man should do this good indeed, absolutely not.
15
do so、do that和do it代替“动词+宾语”或“动词+状语”。
He said he would read English books, but he didn’t do so (=read English books). His mother told him to get up early, but he didn’t do so (=get up early). He wants to make a visit and I also want to do it. She tries to find a good job and finally she does that.
He is fatter than (he is) ever.
When (they are) ripe, apples turn red and yellow.
23
状语从句谓语动词是纯do的形式（即do、does、did、have done、 has done、had done这几种形式，do不可和其它助动词或情态动 词连用）时，可以将状语从句的主语省略，将相应的谓语变为非
10
关系代词的省略
He is the man (that/who/whom) I met yesterday. The pen (that) I picked up on the road and that I put in my pencil box had gone.
11
关系副词的省略
用在某些表示时间名词后的关系副词可省略，如：the time、every time、each time、the moment等。 By the time (when) he was six, he had set his life-long aim. I still remember the first day (when) I went to school. Every time I see the picture, I will recall my childhood. 当先行词为way时，关系副词常常省略。
I appreciate the way (that/in which) you teach us. He plays basketball the way his father does.
12
do用来代替动词或动词加其它成分 。
Tom runs faster than John does (=runs). Did you water the flowers today? Yes, I did (=watered the flowers). He didn’t pass the driving test, but I wish he had done (=passed the driving test).
4
“主语+谓语”的省略
Although (he is) a boy six year old, he knows a lot. If (you are) interested in a subject, you will learn it well.
5
“主语+动词+宾语”的省略
—For whom you bought the birthday present? —For my mother (I bought the birthday present).
19
表示一段时间或方式短语中的for、in、by等常常省略，但 当介词短语放在句首或是在否定句中时for一般不可省略。
The meeting lasts (for) about two hours. We can't ill-treat children (in) this way. You can solve the puzzle (by) using this method. I haven't seen you for a long time. For many years they have been married.
14
so可以代替单词、词组或句子，作call, expect, think,
believe, suppose, guess, hope, do, fear, imagine, hear, say, tell, be afraid, notice等宾语，not用以代替否定的 句子，用法与so相似，并可放在perhaps、probably、 absolutely等副词后面。
promoted to a higher rank in the company.
While (you are) on the top of the mountain, you can have a
wonderful view of the whole city.
Although (he was) beaten by his father, he didn't cry.
13
to在省略结构中代替不定式，常同want, try, expect, hope, like, refuse, forget, remember, wish, mean, intend等连用。
Maybe I have hurt him, but I don't mean to (hurt him). I asked him to lock the door, but he forgot to (lock the door). He is a doctor but he doesn't want to be (a doctor). —Has he already found a job? —Yes, he is likely to have (already found a job).
Because of being ill, he didn't go to school.
Before he was admitted, he entered.
Before being admitted, he entered.
After he was caught by the police, the thief admitted.
谓语，即doing或having done两种形式（因为状语从句的主语在 谓语中没有be动词的情况下，只可能是主动关系，不可能是被动 关系），而且引导状语从句的连词一般都可省。
16
one和ones代替可数名词
This coat is a little big. Can you give me a bigger one? Please give me another (this, that) one.
17
动名词前in/at的省略
It is no use/good (in) doing sth. There is no use/point/hurry/good (in) doing sth. be busy (in) doing sth. employ/engage/occupy/busy oneself (in) doing sth. take turns (in, at) doing sth. spend/lose/waste time/money/energy (in) doing sth. be employed/engaged/occupied (in) doing sth.
21
状语从句中的省略
将状语从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。但是由after、 before、because等引导的状语从句一般要改成介词短语的形 式，用动名词being代替省去的be（因为after、before本身 就可作为介词，而because的介词短语为because of）。
22
Because he was ill, he didn't go to school.
He is my best friend and I do hope he can remain so (my best friend).
The hero sacrificed his own life to save a girl and so I've heard. (The
hero sacrificed his own life to save a girl.)
6
名词短语中中心词的省略
A bird in hand is worth two (birds) in bush. He is the first (student) to come into class and the last (student) to leave.
7
所有格后名词的省略
He stayed at his grandpa's (house) for a week. She bought the coat at Mary's (shop).
当 连 接 代词what/whose、 连 接 副词how/when以及 whether引导的从句或不定式短语时，其前面的of、 about、as to等常可省略。
I don't care (about) what she is. He has no idea (about/as to) how to solve the problem. The man wasn't aware (of) how he got lost.
He says she is a good mother but I think not.
Such a bad man should do this good indeed, absolutely not.
15
do so、do that和do it代替“动词+宾语”或“动词+状语”。
He said he would read English books, but he didn’t do so (=read English books). His mother told him to get up early, but he didn’t do so (=get up early). He wants to make a visit and I also want to do it. She tries to find a good job and finally she does that.
He is fatter than (he is) ever.
When (they are) ripe, apples turn red and yellow.
23
状语从句谓语动词是纯do的形式（即do、does、did、have done、 has done、had done这几种形式，do不可和其它助动词或情态动 词连用）时，可以将状语从句的主语省略，将相应的谓语变为非
10
关系代词的省略
He is the man (that/who/whom) I met yesterday. The pen (that) I picked up on the road and that I put in my pencil box had gone.
11
关系副词的省略
用在某些表示时间名词后的关系副词可省略，如：the time、every time、each time、the moment等。 By the time (when) he was six, he had set his life-long aim. I still remember the first day (when) I went to school. Every time I see the picture, I will recall my childhood. 当先行词为way时，关系副词常常省略。
I appreciate the way (that/in which) you teach us. He plays basketball the way his father does.
12
do用来代替动词或动词加其它成分 。
Tom runs faster than John does (=runs). Did you water the flowers today? Yes, I did (=watered the flowers). He didn’t pass the driving test, but I wish he had done (=passed the driving test).
4
“主语+谓语”的省略
Although (he is) a boy six year old, he knows a lot. If (you are) interested in a subject, you will learn it well.
5
“主语+动词+宾语”的省略
—For whom you bought the birthday present? —For my mother (I bought the birthday present).
19
表示一段时间或方式短语中的for、in、by等常常省略，但 当介词短语放在句首或是在否定句中时for一般不可省略。
The meeting lasts (for) about two hours. We can't ill-treat children (in) this way. You can solve the puzzle (by) using this method. I haven't seen you for a long time. For many years they have been married.
14
so可以代替单词、词组或句子，作call, expect, think,
believe, suppose, guess, hope, do, fear, imagine, hear, say, tell, be afraid, notice等宾语，not用以代替否定的 句子，用法与so相似，并可放在perhaps、probably、 absolutely等副词后面。
promoted to a higher rank in the company.
While (you are) on the top of the mountain, you can have a
wonderful view of the whole city.
Although (he was) beaten by his father, he didn't cry.
13
to在省略结构中代替不定式，常同want, try, expect, hope, like, refuse, forget, remember, wish, mean, intend等连用。
Maybe I have hurt him, but I don't mean to (hurt him). I asked him to lock the door, but he forgot to (lock the door). He is a doctor but he doesn't want to be (a doctor). —Has he already found a job? —Yes, he is likely to have (already found a job).
Because of being ill, he didn't go to school.
Before he was admitted, he entered.
Before being admitted, he entered.
After he was caught by the police, the thief admitted.
谓语，即doing或having done两种形式（因为状语从句的主语在 谓语中没有be动词的情况下，只可能是主动关系，不可能是被动 关系），而且引导状语从句的连词一般都可省。
16
one和ones代替可数名词
This coat is a little big. Can you give me a bigger one? Please give me another (this, that) one.
17
动名词前in/at的省略
It is no use/good (in) doing sth. There is no use/point/hurry/good (in) doing sth. be busy (in) doing sth. employ/engage/occupy/busy oneself (in) doing sth. take turns (in, at) doing sth. spend/lose/waste time/money/energy (in) doing sth. be employed/engaged/occupied (in) doing sth.
21
状语从句中的省略
将状语从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。但是由after、 before、because等引导的状语从句一般要改成介词短语的形 式，用动名词being代替省去的be（因为after、before本身 就可作为介词，而because的介词短语为because of）。
22
Because he was ill, he didn't go to school.
He is my best friend and I do hope he can remain so (my best friend).
The hero sacrificed his own life to save a girl and so I've heard. (The
hero sacrificed his own life to save a girl.)
6
名词短语中中心词的省略
A bird in hand is worth two (birds) in bush. He is the first (student) to come into class and the last (student) to leave.
7
所有格后名词的省略
He stayed at his grandpa's (house) for a week. She bought the coat at Mary's (shop).